歐洲城市公共空間獎(jiǎng)

1、2014.11.30 歐洲城市公共空間獎(jiǎng)是由CCCB（巴塞羅那當(dāng)代文化中心）成立于2000年，該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的目的是為了認(rèn)可及鼓勵(lì)歐洲城市中公共空間的創(chuàng)造和復(fù)興，同時(shí)突出改造公共空間中城市設(shè)計(jì)的作用，還有它在社會(huì)融合中的作用。這個(gè)兩年一度的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)不僅只為專(zhuān)業(yè)人士頒發(fā)，也為開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目的學(xué)會(huì)及機(jī)構(gòu)頒發(fā)。 2012歐洲城市公共空間獎(jiǎng)評(píng)委主席Josep Llins宣布本年度的獲獎(jiǎng)單位，其中包括兩個(gè)聯(lián)合優(yōu)勝獎(jiǎng)，三個(gè)特別提名和一個(gè)特殊目錄獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。?xiàng)目是從來(lái)自36個(gè)國(guó)家的347件作品中挑選出來(lái)的。Boris Podrecca等設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)的盧布爾雅那河岸翻修項(xiàng)目和JANSANA等展開(kāi)的TUR DE LA ROVIRA山頂

2、景觀項(xiàng)目獲得聯(lián)合優(yōu)勝獎(jiǎng)；英國(guó)倫敦肯辛頓與切爾西行政區(qū)的展示路項(xiàng)目、Tania Ruiz設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)地鐵站墻面投射裝置和Krzysztof Wodiczko等設(shè)計(jì)的廢除奴隸貿(mào)易紀(jì)念裝置共同獲得特別提名，而由民眾抗議自發(fā)形成的“占領(lǐng)PUERTA DEL SOL”則獲得本年度的特殊目錄獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。今年的評(píng)委團(tuán)由代表CCCB 的建筑師Josep Llins主持，評(píng)委成員包括Architekturzentrum Wien 事務(wù)所總監(jiān)Dietmar Steiner；NAI總監(jiān) Ole Bouman；倫敦建筑基金總監(jiān)Sarah Mineko Ichioka；法國(guó)建筑協(xié)會(huì)總監(jiān)Francis Rambert；Suom

3、en Rakennustaiteen Museo 總監(jiān)Juulia Kauste；荷蘭建筑博物館總監(jiān)Peter Cachola Schmal。 盧布爾雅那河岸翻修設(shè)計(jì)師：Boris Podrecca、ATELIER arhitekti、URBI、BB ARHITEKTI、ATELJE VOZLI、 DANS arhitekti、TRIJE arhitekti 和 MEDPROSTOR 地址：斯洛文尼亞共和國(guó) 盧布爾雅那 這是由Boris Podrecca等設(shè)計(jì)師共同展開(kāi)的盧布爾雅那河岸翻修項(xiàng)目，本項(xiàng)目獲得了2012歐洲城市公共空間聯(lián)合優(yōu)勝獎(jiǎng)。這條河貫穿城市的古老地區(qū)，設(shè)計(jì)師根據(jù)既有資源進(jìn)行具體

4、設(shè)計(jì)。previous stateAfter entering the capital of Slovenia from the south, the River Ljubljanica describes a pronounced loop around the northern slope of Castle Hill, after which it moves away from the city centre in an easterly direction. In the eighteenth century, the Gruber Canal (Grubarjev prekop)

5、was opened up in an attempt to remedy frequent flooding, cutting through the southern end of the promontory and thus confining the old city centre on an island. Exceptionally well preserved, this isolated historic area has accumulated a generous repertoire of architectural styles which, from the Bar

6、oque era through to the Vienna Succession, reflect the position of Ljubljana as a cultural and geographic crossroads between the Latin south and the Germanic north. Once the river had been tamed, it was possible to expand northwards thanks to the construction of a considerable number of bridges.Some

7、 of the most remarkable of these bridges, such as the Triple Bridge (Tromostovje, 1932) and the Cobblers Bridge (evljarski most, 1931), are work of the architect Joe Plenik who, after the 1930s, marked the rivers course with a profuse and varied collection of buildings, squares, canals, embankments

8、and riverside parks. Recognising the structural role of the river and endowing it with a welcoming and cultured monumentalism, Plenik aimed to transform Ljubljana into a new Athens, an enlightened model city. With this objective, he used the archetype of the stoa to organise the right bank by means

9、of the portico of the Trnica market, and the model of the agora to construct Congress Square (Kongresni trg) on the left bank. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, however, the river had lost the spirit that Plenik had managed to give it, to the extent of being divested of its leading role

10、as the citys preeminent public space. Lacking up-to-date infrastructure, the majority of river spaces had been subordinated to vehicular traffic and indiscriminate parking, while very few were exclusively pedestrian. This drastically undermined the appeal of the old centre which was also suffering f

11、rom the economic effects of a decline in business activities and abandonment by a population that preferred to go and live on the outskirts. The combination of circumstances threatened Ljubljana with all the damaging consequences of urban sprawl.aim of the interventionAfter 2004, the Ljubljana City

12、Council, working with a number of municipal enterprises, decided to make an ambitious public investment of more than twenty million euros in order to redress this situation. In a remarkably brief period of time, it coordinated several teams of local professionals who worked on a series of specific,

13、realistic and viable interventions which, however, were organised within one large-scale urban system.The River Ljubljanica, as the guiding principle of this system, was to resume the role it had been given by Plenik. It was expected that an improved quality of open-air life in the environs of its w

14、aters would foster sociability and stimulate the old citys economic revival. In brief, the aim was to enhance the city centres power of attraction in order to combat the negative trend towards urban sprawl.descriptionCovering more than two kilometres of riverbank spaces, the intervention begins upst

15、ream at the point where the original course of the River Ljubljanica flows away from the Gruber Canal. A new footbridge (2010) links the Botanic gardens of the University of Ljubljana, Slovenias oldest scientific and educational institution, with the new pica (City Park, 2010), a green riverbank spa

16、ce that adds a finishing touch to the southern point of the island on which the city centre is located. A landscaping project along the first three hundred metres of the left bank of the canal highlights both its natural character and its accessibility.The Trnovo embankment has also been renovated (

17、2010) on the left bank of a reach of the river which, seven hundred metres downstream, flows into the Gradaica River, a branch of the Ljubljanica. The meeting of this smaller river with Barjanska Road, a main thoroughfare providing access to the city, has been resolved by means of a new bridge (2008

18、), which bears the roads name, and a riverbank park (2008), also known as the pica. The new viaduct is not far from the centrepiece of the Trnovo district, the Trnovo Bridge, which was built by Plenik.Downstream on the River Ljubljanica, a short distance from the junction with the Gradaica River, th

19、e banks take on a more urban appearance. At this point, the old Hradecki Bridge has been renovated (2011), as have the Krakovo and Breg embankments (both in 2010) on the left bank. The Breg embankment has steps leading up to the Nova Square (Novi trg), which is also scheduled for renovation. This is

20、 one of the citys oldest squares and it adjoins the National and University Library, which was also built by Plenik. A hundred and fifty metres further on, in the direction of flow and still on the left bank, are the Hribarjevo embankment and the Dvorni Square, both of which were renovated shortly b

21、efore this intervention. On the opposite bank and perpendicular to the Cankarjevo embankment is Kljuavniarska Street (2009), which leads up to Castle Hill. This street has also been restored. On the left bank, after Triple Bridge, the Petkovkovo embankment has been refurbished with a pavilion built

22、out over the river with projecting steps constructed with the aim of offering a fine view of Castle Hill. The new, exclusively pedestrian Butchers Bridge (2010) links the centre of the Petkovkovo embankment with the stoa that Plenik built as the riverfront faade of the Trnica market. Some four hundr

23、ed metres downstream, the intervention finishes with the introduction of the new Grain Bridge (2010), which has projecting steps connecting with a floating pier.assessmentThe renovation of the riverside areas of the River Ljubljanica as it flows through the old centre of the capital is fruit of a co

24、llective effort which, concentrating available resources in specific operations and optimising coordination between different developers and authors, has embraced Pleniks humanist dream and given it continuity. The banks are wholly accessible, both in the longitudinal sense of their embankments and

25、in the transversal sense that the project establishes with the different types of adjoining urban fabric. A unitary public space and yet, at the same time, one that that is endowed with a profusion of special parts, the river now gives the old city centre sufficient power of attraction to counteract

26、 the centrifugal effects of urban sprawl.David Bravo Bordas, architect 盧布爾雅那河岸翻修設(shè)計(jì)師：Boris Podrecca、ATELIER arhitekti、URBI、BB ARHITEKTI、ATELJE VOZLI、 DANS arhitekti、TRIJE arhitekti 和 MEDPROSTOR 地址：斯洛文尼亞共和國(guó) 盧布爾雅那 這是由Boris Podrecca等設(shè)計(jì)師共同展開(kāi)的盧布爾雅那河岸翻修項(xiàng)目，本項(xiàng)目獲得了2012歐洲城市公共空間聯(lián)合優(yōu)勝獎(jiǎng)。這條河貫穿城市的古老地區(qū)，設(shè)計(jì)師根據(jù)既有資源進(jìn)行具體設(shè)

27、計(jì)。 盧布爾雅那河岸翻修 盧布爾雅那河岸翻修 盧布爾雅那河岸翻修 盧布爾雅那河岸翻修 TUR DE LA ROVIRA山頂景觀 地址：西班牙 巴塞羅那 設(shè)計(jì)師：JANSANA、 DE LA VILLA、 DE PAAUW、ARQUITECTES SLP 和 AAUP. Jordi Romero i associats SLP 這是由JANSANA展開(kāi)的一個(gè)位于山頂?shù)牟t望裝置的設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)師為這個(gè)眺望結(jié)構(gòu)帶去更多便利性和景觀美感，同時(shí)將一個(gè)防空炮炮位與一些后來(lái)建造在此的破舊村莊結(jié)合在一起。Prior to the intervention. Over the next twenty years t

28、he hilltop, notable for the overlapping significant layers of history it had accumulated, surrendered its land to clumps of shrubs, rubbish dumping and graffiti, and was used as a lookout for the few people who knew the secret of its privileged views over the Carmel neighbourhood in the north and, i

29、n the opposite direction, the plain of Barcelona with the sea in the background.The residents of the Carmel neighbourhood and visitors from further away now have easier access to a site that offers both fine views and a delicate restoration of ruins, which are educational in their highlighting of th

30、e historical value of the site.General plan of the intervention.previous stateDuring the Spanish Civil War, the fascist Italian Legionary Air Force used Barcelona as its first testing ground in the brutal tactic of “carpet bombing” which eventually became routine practice in the Second World War. Ei

31、ght hundred people died in the indiscriminate attack, more than a thousand were wounded and about fifty buildings were destroyed. As its only defence the city had an extensive network of underground air raid shelters constructed by the population, and a system of anti-aircraft gun emplacements that

32、were installed by the Republican Government. The first of these was located on the top of the Tur de la Rovira which, with a height of 262 metres, is the highest peak in Barcelonas urban fabric.The military infrastructure, consisting of seven circular gun platforms, a rectangular platform for the mi

33、litary command personnel and shelters for the troops, was abandoned after the war ended. In the early post-war period the remains were used to construct a squatter settlement known as “Els Canons” (The Guns). Over decades of large-scale immigration of workers from other parts of Spain, and owing to

34、lack of housing, Els Canons ended up with more than a hundred self-built houses. If their inhabitants had few material resources, their resourcefulness was great and they were well organised, struggling for better accommodation in the future while, at the same time, equipping and improving their eve

35、ryday living space as best they could.The last of these shacks were demolished shortly before the 1992 Olympic Games, leaving behind on the hills stony ground tiled floors, fragments of stairs and remnants of masonry walls. Over the next twenty years the hilltop, marked by the overlapping of the sig

36、nificant fragments of history it had accumulated, surrendered its land to clumps of shrubs, rubbish dumping, graffiti and a lookout for the few people who knew the secret of its privileged views over the Carmel neighbourhood in the north and, in the opposite direction, the plain of Barcelona with th

37、e sea in the background.aim of the interventionEventually, at the initiative of the District of Horta Guinard municipal administration and the Agncia de Carmel (Carmel Neighbourhood Agency) and on the basis of a conceptual blueprint designed by the MUHBA (History of the City Museum of Barcelona), a

38、project of renovation and landscaping of the site was embarked upon with a view to creating a History of the City Museum heritage site in the Tres Turons (Three Hills) Park. This was to be a space conserving history and in memory of a recent and highly relevant past with a lookout that would be acce

39、ssible to the general public. The intervention aimed to minimise the impact on the existing features of the hilltop while bringing out its different layers of meaning. This archaeological space, combining relics of war and of twentieth-century informal urban growth, is now a unique case in the entir

40、e urban heritage and museum patrimony of the great European cities. descriptionThe intervention took as its starting point the awareness that this was a dynamic site, which was confirmed as the processes of cleaning up and clearing away of brushwood revealed new aspects of the idiosyncrasy of the pl

41、ace. Its steep slopes complicated the tasks involved in work that aimed to protect, consolidate and respect fragile, valuable ruins. Basic construction materials and rusting metal were used in the incorporation of new elements, which was reduced to an essential minimum. Fine handrails protect stairs