形近義近詞匯

1、形近義近詞匯1.abide, adhere, conform, complyabide+by表示“遵守，同意”【I will abide by the director' decision.我將遵從主任的決定。adhere +to表示“遵守”【Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽車司機(jī)必須遵守駕駛規(guī)則。conform+to表示“遵守，符合”【All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their ply +with表示“

2、遵守，服從”，用于正式的場合【Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes. 2.abnormal, uncommon, disorderedabnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕見)，指行為或現(xiàn)象(如氣候)的異常。 【His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的體溫三天來一直都不正常，最高的時候達(dá)到40.5攝氏度。(盡管身體發(fā)燒不正常，

3、但生活中也時有發(fā)生。)uncommon a.罕見的，不平常的，指很少經(jīng)歷或很少見到的狀況；特別的，出色的。【Hurricanes are uncommon in England.颶風(fēng)在英國非常罕見?！綯hat is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!那速溶咖啡質(zhì)量上乘，味道好極了！disordered a.混亂的，雜亂的；(精神或身體)有病的?！網(wǎng)e couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我們聽不明白她條理不清的陳述。3.abolish, cancel, eliminate, di

4、spose, erase, exclude, extinguishabolish v.指對法律、習(xí)俗、制度的廢除；完全破壞。【The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒稅。cancel v.對預(yù)先安排的某種活動(如旅行、計劃、會議等)的取消；刪去(字、句)?！綯he meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.會議由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已經(jīng)存在但是現(xiàn)在不需要的東西。【The losing team was eliminated from further co

5、mpetition.失利的那個隊被淘汰了，不能參加下一階段的比賽?！綯he doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.醫(yī)生幫助他排出腸中毒素。dispose v.處理，處置；表示“除掉、扔掉”時常與of連用。(這一點需要注意。) 【After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后請清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意識地除去字跡、聲音等。【I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape agai

6、n.我在往磁帶上錄音之前先消掉了上面的音樂。exclude v.排斥；排除,不包括在內(nèi),與include互為反義詞?！綯he restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得進(jìn)入該餐館。extinguish v.熄滅，撲滅(火)；使沉默，使暗淡?！綟irefighters extinguished a big fire.消防隊員撲滅了大火。4.abstract, digest, outline, summaryabstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指對學(xué)術(shù)論文或法律論據(jù)作的簡述?！綢 hav

7、e read the abstract of his book.我已經(jīng)讀了他的書的概要。digest n. (篇幅較長的)摘要，文摘，它是對原文的濃縮而不是對原文的簡單解釋，濃縮后仍保持原文的順序、重點和風(fēng)格?！綬eader's Digest讀者文摘outline n.要點，大綱，概要。【She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要談的想法列了一個提綱。summary n.總結(jié)，摘要，指用寥寥數(shù)語概括文章或者講話的要點，不考慮原文的風(fēng)格。5.absurd, ridiculous, sillyab

8、surd a.荒謬的，可笑的，指因不符合常識、違反真理或不合邏輯而令人發(fā)笑。【There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.過去曾經(jīng)有一種荒謬的觀點認(rèn)為地球呈扁平狀而且靜止不動。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因為愚昧無知而令人發(fā)笑并成為笑柄，含有蔑視成分?！綢t is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.僅僅根據(jù)一個國家的飲食來評價該國家的文化是荒唐可笑的。silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于單純或者頭腦簡單而顯得愚蠢。 【a s

9、illy little boy傻小子6.abundant, plentifulabundant a. (數(shù)量)充足的，常用于人、物產(chǎn)、資源、雨量等，含有“過多”之意。【Oil is in abundant supply in this country.這個國家石油供應(yīng)十分充裕。plentiful a.豐富的，充足的，常用于食物、收獲、財產(chǎn)等，不能用于時間、空間、思想等方面?！綞ggs are plentiful at this moment.現(xiàn)在雞蛋很多。7.accent, tone, dialectaccent n.口音，指某一地區(qū)語言的發(fā)音特征；重音。 【He speaks English

10、 with a Spanish accent.他講英語帶有西班牙口音。tone n.語氣，音調(diào)，指說話人的口氣或聲音的高低、輕重等。 【He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的語調(diào)和他的嬰兒說話。dialect n.方言，土語，地方話，指一個地區(qū)人們所使用的語言。 【the Sichuan dialect四川方言8.access, assessaccess n.接近，進(jìn)入 【The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.assess v.評估(財

11、產(chǎn)，價值) 【I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment. 9.accommodate, afford, furnishaccommodate v.提供住宿、房間；適應(yīng)，迎合，遷就?！綯his hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.這家飯店可供500位來賓住宿?！綯he company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司滿足了顧客的愿望，連夜將貨物發(fā)了出去。afford v.

12、負(fù)擔(dān)，支付；當(dāng)“提供”講時，多用于指抽象事物的提供?！網(wǎng)e can't afford that expensive sports car.我們買不起那輛昂貴的跑車?！綯he tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.從這幢高樓上可以看到大海的美麗景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某種用途所需要的東西?！綬eading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.10.acc

13、omplishment, attainment, achievementaccomplishment n.成功，成就；才藝，修養(yǎng)。【Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.對于登山運動員來說，爬上了那座山就是成功?！綛eing able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.畫畫得好只是她的許多才能之一。attainment n.指學(xué)識和造詣(常用作復(fù)數(shù))；達(dá)到，到達(dá)。 【a scholar of the highest attainments造

14、詣極高的學(xué)者achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具體的“成績”，與accomplishment是同義詞。11.accuse, chargeaccuse v.指控，控訴à與介詞of連用。 【The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盜竊罪。charge v.可以指因為小錯而受的責(zé)備，也指因違法而受到控告à與介詞with連用。 【The police charged him with murder.12. acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secureacquire v.

15、多指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能,知識,習(xí)慣等,也可用于對財物等的獲得,該詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"一經(jīng)獲得就會長期持有"的含義【It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations. 獲得應(yīng)付各種情況的習(xí)慣做法。attain v.指經(jīng)過不懈的努力獲得未曾預(yù)料到的結(jié)果；也可指達(dá)到某一目標(biāo)。【The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.這名銷售員完成了當(dāng)月的銷售目標(biāo)。obtain v.獲得，買到，用于

16、正式語體中?！綡e obtained the property with a bank loan.他通過向銀行貸款買下了那份房產(chǎn)。gain v.指通過較大努力獲得某種利益或好處；亦可指軍事上的武力奪取等?！続n investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投資者通過所買股票價格上漲而得利潤。earn v.掙得，贏得，指因工作等而得到報酬或待遇?！綡ow much do you earn a week?你一星期掙多少錢？achieve v.得到，獲得，多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得?！綯he movie star achieved succ

17、ess and wealth.這個影星取得了成功和財富。secure v.得到；把拿到手，含有肯定占有難以得到的東西之意；使安全，保衛(wèi)；作形容詞比較常見，意為"安全的"?！続 million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100萬人的簽名?！綡e secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上離開前鎖好了辦公室的門窗。13.acute, critical, crucial, urgentacute a.劇烈的，嚴(yán)重的；急性的(病)【An acute lack of food

18、brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品嚴(yán)重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饑挨餓。critical a.意為"關(guān)鍵的"，表示處于極度缺乏的狀態(tài)或事件的轉(zhuǎn)折點，與crucial相似。與crucial的區(qū)別在于它對缺乏的或危急的程度有更準(zhǔn)確的衡量；還指"批判性的，分析性的"。【It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.為了考好你必須用功學(xué)習(xí)，則你會不及格的。crucial a.意為"決定性的，緊要關(guān)頭的，至關(guān)重要的"，最

19、為籠統(tǒng)，適用于上述兩種情況?！綢mproved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消費者信心的增強(qiáng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇是至關(guān)重要的。urgent a.意為"緊迫的，急迫的，緊要的"，它不強(qiáng)調(diào)所指的問題是最重要的，僅強(qiáng)調(diào)"緊急的"狀態(tài)?！網(wǎng)e have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我們急需要幫助，我們的水就快要用光了。14.adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, al

20、ter, modify, transform, varyadjust v.一般指很小的改變或技術(shù)性的調(diào)整；修理?！綢 adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我調(diào)節(jié)了空調(diào)以保持涼爽。regulate v.指根據(jù)規(guī)定或需要對某物(機(jī)器、鐘表等)進(jìn)行調(diào)整或調(diào)節(jié)，使之準(zhǔn)確工作或運行；多含有"控制"之意?！綥ights are used to regulate the traffic.紅綠燈被用來管制交通。rectify v.糾正，校正(錯誤、文章、合同等)?！綡e rectified the mistake in the contrac

21、t by changing its wording.他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯誤。amend v. (正式用語)指修改文件、法律、規(guī)范等?！綯he politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家們修正了這項法律以提供更多的就業(yè)。convert v.改變某事物的形式或用途，還可以指改變信仰尤其是宗教信仰。【Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英國于1971年改用十進(jìn)制貨幣體系?！綡e's converted to Catholicism.他已經(jīng)皈依天主教

22、。alter v.使事物在外觀、性質(zhì)、用途等方面稍作改變。【The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁縫修改了我的褲腰因為它太緊了。modify v.改變，修改，以使某物更趨完善，還可以用來表示態(tài)度、脾氣、意見變得溫和?！綡e was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗聲大氣，脾氣暴躁；朋友們告訴他要改變自己的舉止。transform v.指徹底、深遠(yuǎn)的改變，這種變化完全改變了外觀或特性，使被改變的

23、對象脫胎換骨?！綬emodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新裝修使這所陳舊昏暗的房子變得賞心悅目。vary v.強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有一定規(guī)則、陸續(xù)的變化或差異?！続ir fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的機(jī)票價格各不相同。15.admit, confess, concedeadmit v.指由于說服、再三追問而"承認(rèn)"某一事實或過錯?！綢 admit that you have a point.我承認(rèn)你有理。confess v.供認(rèn)(罪行、過錯等)，

24、含有"坦白、招認(rèn)"的意思?！綡e confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供認(rèn)了他的罪行。concede v.指曾想隱瞞或不愿意承認(rèn)某一錯誤，但由于證據(jù)確鑿而不得不勉強(qiáng)承認(rèn)，還可以指"以退為進(jìn)"的承認(rèn)?！綯he man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.16.affiliate, link, attach, appendaffiliate v.加入，成為一部分。 【an affiliated middle

25、 school一所附屬中學(xué)link v.將人或物連接起來。 【The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群眾臂挽著臂組成人墻。attach v.將某物系在、貼在、附在另一物上。 【I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.append v.增加，附加(與attach的意思比較接近)。 【The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.17.affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaimaffirm

26、 v.堅信不疑地肯定或宣稱，是deny的反義詞。【He affirmed his love for her.他發(fā)誓愛她。assert v.指不管事實如何，主觀自信地宣稱，或者清楚有力地堅持某個情況為事實?！維he asserted that she was innocent .她宣稱自己是無辜的。allege v.在無真憑實據(jù)的情況下宣稱、斷定?！綯he suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯聲稱案發(fā)時他不在現(xiàn)場。claim v.要求，聲稱，斷言。多指根據(jù)某種規(guī)定

27、提出的要求或主張?！綯hey claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他們生成如果有更多的人騎自行車上班的話，鬧市區(qū)的汽車就會有所減少。announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次當(dāng)眾正式宣布某一主張或態(tài)度，常常帶有預(yù)告的意味。【The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明宣告了知

28、識普及時代的來臨。proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指經(jīng)過深思熟慮后向大眾宣布一個明確的決定或判斷，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方場合。The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭來臨的時候總統(tǒng)宣布進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。18.aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensifyaggravate v.加重(負(fù)擔(dān)、罪行、病情等)，使之惡化?！綢 hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的

29、腳受傷了，而過早的下地走路又加重了傷情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于軍隊或警察的行動；(以添加材料等)加固?！続 police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him. 用無線電話要求增援。increase v.指數(shù)量上的增加。【The number of people has been increased.人數(shù)增加了。strengthen v.加強(qiáng)，鞏固，增強(qiáng)，相當(dāng)于to become stronger?！綞xercising every day strengthens the he

30、art.每天鍛煉可以提高心臟的功能?！綜ompetition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it. 加強(qiáng)了民族性而不是破壞了它。intensify v.使變得更強(qiáng)烈、劇烈，加劇，相當(dāng)于to become more intense or intensive?！緄ntensify colors加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨19.alert, cautious, consideratealert a.警惕的，留神的【The hostess remained standing

31、, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁邊，時刻準(zhǔn)備給大家斟酒。cautious a.細(xì)心的，謹(jǐn)慎的【He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花錢的問題上他態(tài)度謹(jǐn)慎。considerate a.關(guān)心他人的，體貼的【He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。20.alive, live, living, livelyalive a.活著的，有活力的，常作表

32、語，作定語時必須后置。【After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。 【all man alive所有活著的人live a.活的，有活力的，現(xiàn)場直播的，【W(wǎng)e watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我們通過電視觀看了這部歌劇的實況。living a.活著的，作定語可前可后，可修飾人也可修飾物?！網(wǎng)ho is the world's greatest living artist? 【living room起居室lively a.活潑的，栩栩如生的?！維he is a live

33、ly young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是個活潑可愛的小姑娘，總是歡聲笑語忙個不停。21.alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, declinealleviate v.在痛苦方面的減輕，緩和【The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼藥減緩了疼痛。diminish v.指因為不斷消耗，在數(shù)量方面緩慢減少，也指在素質(zhì)或者價值的下降?！綯he supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于戰(zhàn)爭石油的供應(yīng)減少了。redu

34、ce v.指人為地使某物在數(shù)量或重量方面的減少或降低?！綡e reduced the amount of money they could spend.他縮減了他們的開銷。decrease v.指數(shù)量上的減少；力量或者強(qiáng)度的減弱?！綯he population decreased a lot last year.去年人口數(shù)量急劇下降。decline v. (數(shù)目、價格、比率)下降；謝絕，婉言推辭；衰退，衰落?！綥ast year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降?！綡e declined our invi

35、tation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。22.allocate, separate, detach, divideallocate v.分配，把撥給?！綯he city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的預(yù)算中給學(xué)校和警察部門分配了資金。separate v.人為地分開，使隔離開。【W(wǎng)e separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我們把沙拉叉與餐叉分隔開。detach v.拆開組合

36、的物體；遠(yuǎn)離，疏遠(yuǎn)?！網(wǎng)e need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我們需要一名木匠將書架從墻上拆下來。divide v.指將整體分為若干個部分?！綯he huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.這家特大公司分成一些較小的公司。23.ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dimambiguous a.意義含糊的，有歧義的，指因字、詞、句有歧義而使人感到模糊不清、難以理解和把握?！綡is ambiguous directions con

37、fused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱兩可的指導(dǎo)使我們很迷惑以至于我們不知道該走哪條路了。obscure a.用于表達(dá)因光線不足而使人看不清楚。該詞的引申意義可以表示語法、文字、記憶等因復(fù)雜、深奧、模棱兩可而使人看不懂和無法理解。【The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾茲拉龐德的詩有時候難以理解，因為詩歌中含有許多令人費解的典故。v

38、ague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意義，用來表示因邏輯關(guān)系不清、言辭籠統(tǒng)而導(dǎo)致的意義不清楚，該詞也可表示輪廓形狀的不清楚和模糊?！綡e has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但沒有具體的計劃。unclear a.指句意、字跡不清楚，使人難以看懂；不肯定的?！綰nclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字跡使人難以辨認(rèn)。【It is unclear whether the economy will get better.經(jīng)濟(jì)是否好轉(zhuǎn)仍不明

39、朗。dim a.光線暗淡的，看不清的；記憶力模糊的；不大可能的。【Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光線下工作?！綡is changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康復(fù)的可能性十分渺茫。24.amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expandamplify v.擴(kuò)大，增加，尤其指通過增強(qiáng)電壓或電流使聲音擴(kuò)大；補(bǔ)充敘述(故事、事件等)?！網(wǎng)e must ask you to amplify your statement.我們得請你對你的說法作進(jìn)一步的說明。enlar

40、ge v.擴(kuò)大，多指具體物品如相片的放大?！緀nlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house擴(kuò)建房屋stretch v. (有彈性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超過限度；伸長、伸出(身體某部位)并繃緊肌肉(尤指在放松后或為了夠著某物)?！綯he pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.這件套頭毛衣我穿了幾次之后就撐大了。【Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves

41、.完成了早間工作之后，職員們站到桌子后面伸伸懶腰。magnify v.放大，指用透鏡或顯微鏡使物體看上去大一些。【His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能夠閱讀。reinforce v.增援，加固。expand v.指范圍、體積的擴(kuò)大、增大，也可以指內(nèi)容或細(xì)節(jié)的充實?！綯he balloon expanded, then exploded.氣球先是膨脹，然后就爆破了。25.anger, fury, indignation, resentmentanger n.氣憤，生氣，是一般用語?！続fter their ar

42、gument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.爭吵之后，他一拳打在那個人的臉上以發(fā)泄怒氣。fury n.暴怒，大怒，程度較anger要強(qiáng)。indignation n.義憤，尤其指出于道義上的激憤。【general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽車票價突然猛增激起的公憤resentment n.憤恨，怨恨，不滿，是正式用語，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到傷害后而產(chǎn)生的憤慨?！綯here was a feeling of resentme

43、nt in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工資降低后，辦公室里怨聲載道。26.apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinctapparent a.明顯的，顯而易見的，尤其指容易觀察到或認(rèn)識到的事物?！綡e is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高興，顯然他現(xiàn)在想走了。evident a.明白的，明顯的，與apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事實證明的事物。【It is eviden

44、t that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.顯然他是有罪的，在犯罪現(xiàn)場發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的指紋。manifest a.清楚的，明顯的，多指根據(jù)外部特征或跡象便能看出或了解其意義，常作表語?！綡er ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出眾，但長相并不動人。obvious a.明顯的，顯而易見的，含有無可辯白，不需證明之意?！綢t is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很顯然，那個婦女

45、酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明顯的；不同的，獨特的。修飾性質(zhì)明顯不同的東西。【Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治療已使他的健康有了明顯的好轉(zhuǎn)。27.applaud, clap, commend, praiseapplaud v.鼓掌，贊揚，指因精湛表演或某種行為得到別人的贊許，大聲叫好或熱烈鼓掌?！綯he boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表揚了我的工作，對我的努力表示贊許。clap v.拍打，其用法是clap one's

46、hand=applaud,不能說applaud one's hands?！綾lap sb.為某人鼓掌；clap sth.拍打某物commend v.為正式用詞，用于對具體功績或成就表示嘉獎，通常指上級對下級、長輩對晚輩的贊賞?！綯he teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老師表揚學(xué)生們的考試成績優(yōu)異。praise v.為一般用詞，用于對某人的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)表示欽佩羨慕；贊頌，贊美?！続 supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管稱贊這位員工的工作做得

47、不錯?！維urvivors of the crash praised God for saving them.墜機(jī)事件的幸存者贊頌上帝使他們得救。28.area, district, region, vicinity, zonearea n.泛指面積較大的地區(qū)；面積；專業(yè)領(lǐng)域?！綯he New York area has high rents.紐約地區(qū)房租很高。district n.行政區(qū)劃的小范圍地區(qū)。如Xicheng district北京西城區(qū)region n.行政區(qū)劃上更大的地區(qū)，如"自治區(qū)"；身體部位?！綯he northeast region of the USA

48、 includes New York and the six New England states.美國東北部包括紐約和新英格蘭地區(qū)的那六個州。vicinity n.周圍地區(qū)，附近地區(qū)?！綯he police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因為逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地區(qū)。zone n.指特定的地方、地帶?！綯he city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通過法律，在一些空地上開辟商業(yè)區(qū)。29.a

49、ssembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposiumassembly n.集合，集會?！綯he assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.學(xué)生們在大禮堂舉行集會。conference n. (專門性的)會議，討論會?！綯he conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.關(guān)于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的會議在日內(nèi)瓦召開。congress n.代表大會，(美國的)國會?！綜ongres

50、s passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美國國會通過的法律，人民一定要遵守。rally n. (鼓舞士氣的)集會；群眾性集會?！綯he football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教練召開了一個動員會，以便鼓舞士氣打好下次比賽。seminar n. (大學(xué)的)研究班，研討會?！綝uring summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假

51、里，一些教師在學(xué)院里參加研究班。session n. (一屆)會議，回合?！総he autumn session of Parliament議會的秋季會議summit n.最高級會議，峰會(通常為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人參加)?！綨ext year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年將在維也納舉行最高級會談。symposium n. (學(xué)術(shù)、科研方面的)座談會，專題報告會。【The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研討會持續(xù)了兩天。30.assessment, estimate, evaluation

52、assessment n.評估,估價，常常表示對于財產(chǎn)、價值的評估?！網(wǎng)e have a low assessment on our property.我們對我們的資產(chǎn)評估很低。estimate n.估計，強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行評估得出的結(jié)果，常與動詞give搭配?！綯he mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.機(jī)械師給我的汽車修理費的粗略估計是200或300美元。evaluation n. (對于能力，價值、工作業(yè)績的)評價，估價，常帶有肯定的、正確的含義?！綡

53、e gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他對于我們的科學(xué)研究給予了積極的評價。31.associate, ally, combine, uniteassociate v.交往，結(jié)交；聯(lián)系，聯(lián)想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示與某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某個方面合作。【W(wǎng)e associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我們同鄰居交往。ally v.使結(jié)盟，使聯(lián)姻，多與with搭配?！維everal political parties allied with each o

54、ther against higher taxes.幾個政治黨派聯(lián)合起來反對提高稅收。combine v.聯(lián)合，化合，混合，多指為了某個目的將不同的人或物混合而成一個整體?！綯he girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黃油和面粉混合到一起做成面團(tuán)。unite v.聯(lián)合，合并，團(tuán)結(jié)，尤指不同的事物或人組成統(tǒng)一體，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果的一致性。【The nation united against its enemy.國民團(tuán)結(jié)一致共同對敵。32.average, common, general, universal, us

55、ualaverage a.普通的，一般的，它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一般水準(zhǔn)或普通水準(zhǔn)；通常在有數(shù)字出現(xiàn)的情況下，表示"平均的"?！綯he average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分鐘內(nèi)平均跑兩英里。common a.常見的，普通的，不足為奇的，有時引申為"平凡的"，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的共同性。另外，它還有"公共的，共同的"之意?！綜ar accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。general a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體

56、性而非個別和例外，該詞的反義詞為particular。【In general, the economy is doing well now.總的來說，現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)形式還不錯。universal a.普遍的，比general語氣更強(qiáng)，有"全然沒有例外"的意思?！綪overty is a universal problem all over the world.貧困是世界各地普遍存在的問題。usual a.通常的，慣常的，強(qiáng)調(diào)"習(xí)慣性的，符合規(guī)章制度的"，是個一般用語。33.award, rewardaward v.指正式地或官方地頒發(fā)，授予，給予；也可以指法

57、庭裁決給予。后面可跟雙賓語?！綯he school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.學(xué)校校長將歷史獎授予最出色的學(xué)生。reward v.酬勞，獎賞，回報，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某種服務(wù)而應(yīng)得到報酬或酬謝，其后一般以人或人的行為作賓語。后跟with用來說明以何物作為報酬?！綢 will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我將出50美元，酬謝幫我找回丟失的狗的人。34.aware, consciousaware a.知道的，意識到的，強(qiáng)調(diào)感官對外界事物的意識?！綡e was aware of his mistake.他意識到自己的錯誤。conscious a.有意識的，意識到的，一般指內(nèi)心所意識到的?！綯he salesman is conscious of the fact that h