外研社 必修四 Module 3Grammar

1、when we meet your friends, we should shake hands with them in respect.Where there is a will, there is a way.Go back to the village where you come.If I tell you the truth,you need keep cool.I am stil here, for I want hear your explanation by yourself.Although he grows up an adult, he is still naught

2、like a little boy.She is so beautiful that everyone is attracted. Adverbial Clauses狀語從句在句中起狀語的作用，狀語從句狀語從句在句中起狀語的作用，狀語從句可分為時間轉(zhuǎn)語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原可分為時間轉(zhuǎn)語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步句、結(jié)果狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等等。狀語從句等等。 一、一、條件狀語從句條件狀語從句1. 最常用的連詞是最常用的連詞是if, 由由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表

3、示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。 If you ask him, he will help you. She will appear in no time if you need her favour.If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.2.when引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句條件狀語從句.When there is no gravity, our feet can no longer stay on the ground. 如果沒有重力如果沒有重力,我我

4、們的腳就不能夠在地面上站穩(wěn)。們的腳就不能夠在地面上站穩(wěn)。 Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果機(jī)器發(fā)生故障如果機(jī)器發(fā)生故障,就把電閘關(guān)上。就把電閘關(guān)上。 Finish Activity 3 on page 24.3、unless,表示在特定條件下,才決定做或不做一件事。在英語中我,們可以用unless（除非，否則）（除非，否則）表達(dá)這個意思,相當(dāng)于if not。= the concert will be held as schedule if there is not a typhoon b.Unle

5、ss you want to see me, I will keep far away from you.=If you dont want to see me, I will keep far away from you.a.The concert will be held as schedule unless there is a typhoon. She will keep on singing unless she is told to stop. = she will keep on singing if she is not told to stop. you will be la

6、te for school unless you get up half an hour earlier.=you will be late for school if you dont get up half an hour earlier. 4.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：suppose(倘使，倘若），倘使，倘若），as long as, so long as（只要（只要.就就.)a.Suppose you are a scientist,what will you do to do with the situation?b.As long as you put y

7、our mind in studying, you will make a difference.c.Suppose it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting? d.So long as you promise to come, Ill wait for you until you come.1. If you _ a cake, your host _ very pleased. (take, be)2. Unless the weather _ better, I _ at home. (get, stay)3. He _ home ea

8、rly if he _ well. (go, not feel)take will be gets will stay will godoesnt feelIf I see her Ill invite her to the party. (see, invite)4. What _ I _ if they _ about politics? (do, talk)5. If you _ your hand, the taxi _. (raise, stop)6. I _ anything unless he _ me. (not say, ask)raise will stop will no

9、t say asksshalldotalkGrammar 2Adverbial clause of concession (1) though, although表示表示“雖然雖然, 縱然縱然”之意。之意。 這兩個連詞意思大致相同這兩個連詞意思大致相同, 在一般情況下在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中可以互換使用。在口語中, though 較常使較常使用用, although比比though正式正式, 二者都不能與二者都不能與but連用。連用。 Though/Although he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. Though/Althoug

10、h he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之主句之前前的情況較多的情況較多, though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于可位于主句之前主句之前或或主句之后主句之后。 She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. Although she had not studied very hard, she passed the examination.as,though表示表示“雖然雖然但是但是”，

11、“縱使縱使”之意。之意。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形是表語、狀語或動詞原形，though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不不可以這樣用。例如：可以這樣用。例如：Object as you may,Ill go. =Though/Although you may object,Ill go.Hard as/ though he works,he makes little progress. =Though he works hard,he make

12、s little progress.Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.=Although/Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.Fast as/though you read,you cant finish the book so soon.=Though/Although you read fast, you cant finish the book so soon.(3) even if, even though 表示

13、表示“即使即使”, “縱使縱使”之意。之意。 這兩個復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同它們這兩個復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同它們?？苫Q使用。?？苫Q使用。 Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. Even if he is poor, she loves him. He seemed youthful even though he was an old man.(4) whether . or .表示表示“不論是否不論是否”, “不不管是管是還是還是”之意。之意。 由這一個復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨由這一個復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反

14、兩個方面的可能性都不會影響在說明正反兩個方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。主句的意向或結(jié)果。 Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. Whether you believe it or not, its true. a. No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. b. No matter who you are, you must keep the law.=Whoever you

15、are, you must keep the law. c.No matter where you go, I will follow you.=Wherever you go, I will follow you. (5) “no matter + 疑問詞疑問詞”或或“疑問詞疑問詞-ever”的含義為的含義為“都都; 不管不管都都”它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。 No matter when you come, I wil be free.=Whenever you come, I will be free.No matter how difficult i

16、t is, I need to work out it.=However difficult it is, I need to work out it.No matter which you choose, it will be fit you well.=Whichever you choose, it will be fit you well.(6)此外此外, 有時有時while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句, 但一般要位于句首。但一般要位于句首。 While I like the colour, I dont like the shape. While you doest

17、agree with me, I will still support my own idear. 1. _ I feel lonely, I think about you. 2. _ he is, he is very rude to me. 3. _ I go, I always meet interesting people. 4. You can invite _ you like to the party. WheneverWhoeverWhereverwhoever Complete the sentences with whoever, wherever, whenever o

18、r however. 5. _ late you arrive, Ill come and meet.6. I feel shy _ she says hello to me.7. I hear that song _ I switch on the radio.8. _ much I study, I find these exercises difficult. However whenever whenever However (2) as, though表示表示“雖然雖然但是但是”, “縱使縱使”之意。之意。 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)倒

19、裝的形式出現(xiàn), 被倒裝的部分可以被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形是表語、狀語或動詞原形, though間間或也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中或也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 但但although不可以這樣用。不可以這樣用。 Object as you may, Ill go. (= Though/Although you may object, Ill go.) 縱使你反對縱使你反對, 我也要去。我也要去。 Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (= Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)

20、 盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力, 但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。 Child as / though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. (= Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.) 雖然他是一個孩子雖然他是一個孩子, 但他知道該做什么。但他知道該做什么。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. 縱然你讀得快縱然你讀得快, 你也不能這么快讀完你也不能這么快讀完這本書。這

21、本書。 (2) even if, even though 表示表示“即使即使”, “縱使縱使”之意。之意。 這兩個復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同它們這兩個復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同它們常可互換使用?？苫Q使用, 但意義有細(xì)微差別。但意義有細(xì)微差別。even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性定性, 而而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時句時, 是以從句內(nèi)容為先決條件的是以從句內(nèi)容為先決條件的, 也也就是說就是說, 說話人肯定了從句的事實(shí)。說話人肯定了從句的事實(shí)。 不管你是誰不管你是誰, 你都要遵紀(jì)守法。你都要遵紀(jì)守法。但但“no matter + 疑問詞疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句, 而而“疑問詞疑問詞-ever”還可以還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 Whatever (= No matter what) you say, I wont believe you.(Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么無論你說什么, 我都不會相信你。我都不會相信你。Ill eat whatever ( no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句引導(dǎo)賓語從句)