2014英語專業(yè)八級真題及答案

1、精品精細(xì)；挑選;TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2014)GRADE EIGHTPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the importa nt points. Your no tes will not be marked, but you will n eed t

2、hem to complete a gap-fill ing task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture isover, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWERSHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are)

3、both grammatically andsemantically acceptable. You may refer to your no tes while complet ing the task Use the bla nk sheet for no te-tak ing.Now, listen to the mini-lecture.How to Reduce StressLife is full of thi ngs that cause us sress. Though we may no t like stress, we have to live with it.I. De

4、finition of stressA.(1)_ reactioni.e.force exerted betwee n two touch ing bodiesB.huma n reactio ni.e. resp onse to (2)_ on some onee.g. i ncrease in breath ing, heart rate, (3),or muscle tensionII. (4),A. positive stresswhere it occurs: Christmas, weddi ng, (5)_B. n egative stresswhere it occurs: t

5、est-taking situations, friends deathIII. Ways to cope with stressA. recog in iti on of stress sig nalsmonitor for (6)_ of stressfind ways to protect on eselfB. atte nti on to body dema ndeffect of (7)_C. pla nning and acting appropriatelyreas on for pla nning(8)_ of planningD. lear ning to (9)_e.g.

6、dlay caused by trafficE. paci ng activitiesman ageable task(10SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this sect ion you will hear everyth ing ONCE ONLY. Liste n carefully and the n an swer the questi ons that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questi ons 1 to 5 are based on an in tervie

7、w. At the end of the in terview you will be give n 10 sec onds to an swer each of thefollowing five questions.Now liste n to the in terview.1. Accord ing to the in terviewer, which of the followi ng best in dicates the relatio nship betwee n choice and mobility?A. Better educationgreater mobility mo

8、re choices.精品精細(xì)；挑選;B. Better educati onmore choices greater mobility.C. Greater mobility better education more choices.D. Greater mobility more choicesbetter education.2. Accordi ng to the in terview, which of the followi ng details about the first poll is INCORRECT?A. Shorter work hours was least c

9、hose n for being most importa nt.B. Chances for adva nceme nt might have bee n favoured by young people.C. High in come failed to come on top for being most importa nt.D. Job security came sec ond accord ing to the poll results.3. According to the interviewee, which is the main difference between th

10、e first and the second poll?A. The type of resp ondents who were in vited.B. The way in which the questi ons were desig ned.C. The content area of the questio ns.D. The nu mber of poll questi ons.4. What can we learn from the respondents answers to items 2, 4 and 7 in the second poll?A. Recog niti o

11、n from colleagues should be give n less importa nce.B. Workers are always willing and ready to learn more new skills.C. Psychological reward is more important than material one.D. Work will have to be made interesting to raise efficiency.5. Accord ing to the in terviewee, which of the followi ng can

12、 offer both psychological and mon etary ben efits?A. Con tact with many people.B. Chances for adva nceme nt.C. Appreciati on from coworkers.D. Chances to lear n new skills.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this sect ion you will hear everyth ing ONCE ONLY. Liste n carefully and the n an swer the questio ns

13、 that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questi ons 6 and 7 are based on the follow ing n ews. At the end of the n ews item, you will be give n 20 sec onds to an swer thequestio ns.Now listen to the news.6. Accord ing to the n ews item, sleepboxes are desig ned to solv

14、e the problems ofA. airports.B. passe ngers.C. architects.D. compa ni es.7. Which of the following is NOT true with reference to the news?A. Sleepboxes can be ren ted for differe nt len gths of time.B. Ren ters of no rmal height can sta nd up in side.C. Beddi ng can be automatically cha nged.D. Ren

15、ters can take a shower in side the box.Questi on 8 is based on the follow ing n ews. At the end of the n ews item, you will be give n 10 sec onds to an swer the questi on.Now listen to the news.8. What is the news item mainly about?A. Londons preparati ons for the Nott ing Hill Carni val.B. Main fea

16、tures of the Notting Hill Carnival.C. Polices preve ntive measures for the carni val.D. Police participati on in the carni val.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to an swer the精品精細(xì)；挑選;questio ns.Now listen to the news.9. The

17、n ews item reports on a research finding aboutA. the Dutch famine and the Dutch women.B. early malnutrition and heart health.C. the causes of death duri ng the famine.D. nu triti on in childhood and adolesce nee.10. When did the research team carry out the study?A. At the end of World War II.B. Betw

18、een 1944 and 1945.C. In the 1950s.D. In 2007.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AMy class at Harvard Busin ess School helps stude nts un dersta nd what good man ageme nt theory is and how it is built. Ineach session, we look at one company through the lenses of different theories, using them

19、 to expla in how the compa ny got into itssituati on and to exam ine what action will yield the n eeded results. On the last day of class, I asked my class to turn thosetheoretical lenses on themselves to find answers to two questions: First, How can I be sure I ll be happpydareer? Second, Howcan I

20、be sure my relati on ships with myspouse and my family will become an en duri ng source of happ in ess? Here are some man ageme nt tools that can be used to helpyou lead a purposeful life.1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisi ons about allocat ing your pers onal time, en ergy, and tale nt shapey

21、our life s strategy. I have a bunch of“ bus in esses ” that compete for these resources: I mrewardi ng relati on ship with my wife, raise great kids, con tribute to my com muni ty, succeed in my career, and con tribute to mychurch. And I have exactly the same problem that a corporati on does. I have

22、 a limited amount of time, en ergy and tale nt. Howmuch do I devote to each of these pursuits?Allocation choices can make your life turn out to very different from what you intended. Sometimes that good: opport un itiesthat you have n ever pla nned for emerge. But if you don tin vest your resources

23、wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I th ink aboutmy former classmates who in adverte ntly in vested in lives of hollow un happ in ess, I can t help believ ing that their troublesrelated right back to a short-term perspective.When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of tim

24、e or an extra ounce of energy, they llunconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidencethat we re moving forward. You ship a product, finish a design, complete a prese ntati on, close a sale teach a class, publish apa

25、per, get paid, get promoted. In con trast, in vest ing time and en ergy in your relati on ships with your spouse and childre n typicallydoes n t offer the same immediaachievement. Kids misbehave every day. It s really not until 20 years down the road that you can say,a good son or a good daughter.”

26、You can n eglect your relati on ship with your spouse and on a daily basis itdoesn t seem as if thing are deteriorating. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to un der in vest intheir families and overi nvest in their careers, even though in timate and lov ing family relat

27、i on ships are the most powerful and enduri ng source of happ in ess.If you study the root causes of bus in ess disasters, over and over you ll find this predispositi on toward endeavors that offerimmediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you ll see that same stunning

28、 and soberi ng patter n: peopleallocat ing fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most.2. Create A Family Culture. It s one thing to see into the foggy future with a acuity and chart the coursecorrect ions a compa ny must make. But it squite ano ther to persuade e

29、mployees to line up and work cooperatively to take thecompa ny in that new direct ion.When there is little agreeme nt, you have to use“ power tools ” coerci on, threats, puni shme ntsarto secure cooperation. But if employee s ways of working together succeed over and over, consensus begins toform. U

30、ltimately, people don t even think about whether their way yields success. They embrace priorities andfollow procedures by in st inct and assumptio n rather tha n by explicit decisi on, which means that they ve created a culture.Culture, in compell ing but un spoke n ways, dictates the prove n, acce

31、ptable methods by which member s of a group address精品精細(xì)；挑選;recurrent problems. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful man ageme nt tool.I use this model to address the questi on, How can I be my family becomes an en duri ng source of happ in ess?

32、My studentsquickly see that the simplest way parents can elicit cooperation from children is to wield power tools. But there comes a point duri ngthe tee n years whe n power tools no Ion ger work. At that point, pare nts start wishing they had begun working with their children ata very young age to

33、build a culture in which childre n in st in ctively behave respectfully toward one ano ther, obey their pare nts, andchoose the right thi ng to do. Families have cultures, just a compa nies do. Those cultures can be built con sciously.If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the con fide

34、 nce that they can solve hard problems, those qualities won t magically materialize in high school. You have to design them into family you have think about this very early on. Like employees,childre n build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and lear ning what works.11. According to the auth

35、or, the key to successful allocation of resources in your life depends on whether youA. can man age your time wellB. have Ion g-term pla nningC. are lucky eno ugh to have new opport un itiesD. can solve both compa ny and family problems12. What is the role of the statement Our careers provide the mo

36、st concrete evidence that we re movingforward ” with reference to the previous statement in the paragraph?A. To offer further expla natio nB. To provide a defi niti onC. To prese nt a con trastD. To illustrate career developme nt13. Accord ing to the author, a com mon cause of failure in bus in ess

37、and family relati on ships isA. lack of pla nning B. short-sighted nessC. shortage of resources D. decisi on by in sti net14. Accord ing to the author, whe n does culture beg in to emergeA. When people decide what and how to do by in sti netB. When people realize the importa nce of consen susC. When

38、 people as a group decide how to succeedD. When people use “ power tools ” to reach agreement15. One of the similarities between company culture and family culture is thatA. problem-solvi ng ability is esse ntialB. cooperati on is the foun dati onC. respect and obedie nce are key eleme ntsD. culture

39、 n eeds to be nu rturedText BIt was nearly bed-time and when they awoke next morning land would be in sight. Dr. Macphail lit his pipe an d, lea ning overthe rail, searched the heave ns for the Souther n Cross. After two years at the front and a wound that had take n Ion ger to heal than it should,

40、he was glad to settle dow n quietly at Apia （ 阿皮亞，西薩摩亞首者 E ） for twelve mon ths at least, and he felt alreadybetter for the journ ey. Since some of the passe ngers were leavi ng the ship next day at Pago-Pago they had had a little dance thatevening and in his ears hammered still the harsh notes of t

41、he mechanical piano. But the deck was quiet at last. A little way off he sawhis wife in a long chair talk ing with the Davids ons, and he strolled over to her. When he sat dow n un der the light and took off hishat you saw that he had very red hair, with a bald patch on the crow n, and the red, frec

42、kled skin which accompa nies red hair; hewas a man of forty, thin, with a pin ched face, precise and rather peda ntic; and he spoke with a Scots acce nt in a very low, quietvoice.Between the Macphails and the Davidsons, who were missionaries, there had arisen the intimacy of shipboard, which is duet

43、o propinquity rather than to any community of taste. Their chief tie was the disapproval they shared of the men who spent their daysand nights in the smoking-room playing poker or bridge and drinking. Mrs. Macphail was not a little flattered to think that she and herhusband were the only people on b

44、oard with whom the Davidsons were willing to associate, and even the doctor, shy but no fool,half uncon sciously ack no wledged the complime nt. It was only because he was of an argume ntative mind that in their cab in at night he permitted himself to carp （ 嘮叨）. Mrs. Davids on was say ing she did n

45、 t know how they d have got through the journey if it had nus, said Mrs. Macphail, as she neatly brushed out her transformation 假發(fā)）. She said we were really the onlypeople on the ship they cared to know.I shouldn t have thought a missionary was such a big 要 u 人、名士） that he could afford to put on fri

46、lls（擺架子）.It s not frills. I quite understand what she means. It wouldn t have been very nice for the Davidhave to mix with all that rough lot in the smok in g-room.The founder of their religion wasn t so exclusive, said Dr. Macphail with a chuckle.精品精細(xì)；挑選;I ve asked you over and over again not to jo

47、ke about religion, answered his wife. Isto have a n ature like yours, Alec. You n ever look for the best in people.He gave her a sidelong glance with his pale, blue eyes, but did not reply. After many years of married life he had learned thatit was more conducive to peace to leave his wife with the

48、last word. He was undressed before she was, and climb ing into the upperbunk he settled dow n to read himself to sleep.When he came on deck n ext morning they were close to land. He looked at it with greedy eyes. There was a thin strip of silverbeach rising quickly to hills covered to the top with l

49、uxuriant vegetation. The coconut trees, thick and green, came nearly to the water s edge, and among them you saw the grass houses of the Samoaris（薩摩亞人）;and here and there, gleam ing white, a little church. Mrs. Davids on came and stood beside him. She was dressed inblack, and wore round her n eck a

50、gold cha in, from which dan gled a small cross. She was a little woma n, with brow n, dull hair veryelaborately arran ged, and she had prominent blue eyes behi nd in visible pince-nez （夾鼻眼鏡 ）.Her face was Iong, like a sheep s, but she gave no impression of foolishness, rather ofextreme alertness; sh

51、e had the quick movements of a bird. The most remarkable thing about her was her voice, high, metallic, andwithout inflection; it fell on the ear with a hard monotony, irritating to the nerves like the pitiless clamour of the pn eumatic drill.This must seem like home to you, said Dr. Macphail, with

52、his thin, difficult smile.Ours are low isla nds, you know, not like these. Coral. These are volca nic. We ve got ano thejourney to reach them.In these parts that s almost like being in the next street at home, said Dr. Macphail facetioiWell, that s rather an exaggerated way of putting it, but one do

53、es look at distances differently in the JSouth Seas. So far you re right. Dr. Macphail sighed fain tly.16. It can be in ferred from the first paragraph that Dr. MacphailA. preferred quiet ness to no iseB. enjoyed the sound of the mecha ni cal pia noC. was going back to his hometow nD. wan ted to bef

54、rie nd the Davids ons17. The Macphails and the Davidsons were in each other e company because theyA. had similar experie nceB. liked each otherC. shared dislike for some passe ngersD. had similar religious belief18. Which of the following statements best DESCRIBES Mrs. Macphail?A. She was good at ma

55、king friendsB. She was prone to quarrelli ng with her husba ndC. She was skillful in deali ng with stra ngers D. She was easy to get along with.19. All the followi ng adjectives can be used to depict Mrs. Davidso n EXCEPTA. arroga ntB. un approachableC. un pleasa ntD. irritable20. Which of the follo

56、wing statements about Dr. Macphail is INCORRECT?A. He was sociable.B. He was in tellige nt.C. He was afraid of his wife.D. He was fun of the Davids ons.Text CToday we make room for a remarkably narrow range of pers on ality styles. Were told that to be great is tobe bold, to be happy is to be sociab

57、le. We see ourselves as a n ati on of extroverts which meanssight of who we really are. On e-third to on e-half of America ns are in troverts in the other words, oievery two or three people you know. If youre not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing,精品精細(xì)；挑選;married to, or coupled

58、with one.If these statistics surprise you, thats probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Closet introverts passundetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporate America. Some fool even themselves,until some life event-a layoff, an empty nest,

59、 an inheritanee that frees them to spend time as they like-jolts them into taking stockof their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acqua intan ces to find that the most un likely peoplecon sider themselves in troverts. It makes sense that so many introverts hide

60、even from themselves. We live with a value systemthat I call the Extrovert Ideal the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, alpha, and comfortable in the spotlight. Thearchetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick