焊接專業(yè)英語教案(趙麗鈴版)

1、沈陽大學(xué)教案課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語授課對(duì)象：焊接技術(shù)與工程材料成型及控制工程（焊接）主講人張文明編寫時(shí)間2009.1沈陽大學(xué)教案授課章節(jié)Unit One Basic Knowledge of WeldingModule 1 What Is Welding目的要求介紹焊接的定義及焊接的發(fā)展過程。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生了解與焊接相關(guān)的一些 基本知識(shí)，掌握相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯，提高學(xué)生閱讀、理解科技英語的能力。重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)Welding techniques , welding development課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語編寫時(shí)間 ：2009年1月20日教案內(nèi)容：Welding techniques hav

2、e become so versatile that it is difficult nowadays to define “weldin前，焊接技術(shù)應(yīng)用非常廣泛，以 至于很難給“焊接”下一定義。Formerly weldi ng was “ the joining of metals by fusiqn " that is by melting, but this definition will no longer do .以前，焊接是指“通 過熔化連接金屬”，但這個(gè)定義不合適了。Even though fusion methods are still the most commo

3、n , they are not always used即使熔化焊仍然是最常用的方法，但也有不通過 熔化焊接的。Welding was next defined as th ejoining of metals by heat, " but this is no longer a proper definition either. 后來焊接被定義為 “通過 加熱連接金屬”，但這個(gè)定義也不合適，Not only metals can be weldecj so can many of the plastics 不僅能夠焊接金屬，許多塑料也可以被焊接。Furthermore, sever

4、al welding methods do not require heat such as cold pressure welding.而且，許多焊接方法不再需要加熱了，如 冷壓焊。Besides, we can weld with sound and even with light from the famous laser.止匕外，可用聲能焊接，甚至可用大家都知道的激光來焊接。Faced with a diversity of welding methods that increase year by year, we must adopt the following definitio

5、n of welding : "welding is the joining of metals and plastics by methods that do not employ fastening devices ”第i次 第i頁define “welding.?時(shí)間安排: 課程引入5minNew words10min課文講解40min課堂練習(xí)30min本課總結(jié)5min面對(duì)逐年增加的各種各樣的焊接方法，我們有必要采用下面 的焊接定義：焊接是不用緊固裝置而連接金屬和塑料的方法?！盩he joining of metals by methods that do not employ

6、 fastening課堂提問What' swelding?沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）devices is an art as old as blacksmithin g不需要緊固裝置的金屬連接方式鍛焊是一項(xiàng)古老的藝術(shù)。Welding is theNevertheless welding as a manufacturing process must be considered a development of the twentieth century不過，焊接作為一種制造方法則是在二十世紀(jì)發(fā)展起來的。In the 1880'carbon arc lamps were used fo

7、r street lighting在十九世紀(jì)八十年代，碳弧燈被用于街道照明，At that time it was noted that the carbon arc lamp like all lamps, produced more heat than light and the first attempts were made to us this heat for welding metals.joining of metals and plastics by methods thatdonot employ fastening e .devices.當(dāng)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)碳弧燈和所有燈一樣能產(chǎn)生

8、比光還多的熱量，因此 首次嘗試將碳弧熱用于焊接金屬。Thus the first welding method of those still in use was carbon arcwelding , perfected about the turn of the last century所以說碳弧焊是現(xiàn)在使用的焊接方法的鼻祖，它在上個(gè)世紀(jì)初 得到了完善。Stick electrodes and oxyacetylene welding also appeared about 1900.大約在1900年出現(xiàn)了焊條和氧乙快焊。Welding was generally used only fo

9、r repair and maintenance untilthe 1920 : s在二十世紀(jì)二十年代以前，焊接只是用于維修。X-ray examination of welds came soon afterward and did much to develop confidence in welded joints.第 1次 第 2頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）后來很快發(fā)明了焊縫的X射線探傷，增大了對(duì)焊接質(zhì)量的信心。The middle of the 20th century saw great development in welding as well as in other techniq

10、ues課堂練習(xí)Why shall we say that在一葉世紀(jì)中期，焊接技術(shù)也和其他技術(shù)一樣有了很大發(fā)展，It also gave us, among other things inert gas welding.在其他技術(shù)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，也出現(xiàn)了惰性氣體保護(hù)焊。Since then welding has progressed at a tremendous ra te 從那時(shí)起，焊接就開始了飛速發(fā)展。It helps develop science and technology, including the electronic technique.焊接促進(jìn)了科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，包括電子技術(shù)。

11、At the same time, the technology of welding embraces a wide are a 同時(shí)，焊接技術(shù)包含了很廣的范圍。Many electronic circuits are required to control the more intricate welding machines.控制更復(fù)雜的焊機(jī)就需要許多的電路，Even radio frequencies have their applications in welding , in induction brazing and the ultrasonic testing of welds

12、即使高頻技術(shù)在焊接中也有所應(yīng)用、比如感應(yīng)釬焊和焊縫的超 聲波探傷。Photography is also drawn into the scope of welding for X-ray and 丫ray photography is used in the examination of welded joints焊接還使用攝影技術(shù)，用X射線和丫射線照相技術(shù)檢驗(yàn)焊接接 頭的質(zhì)量。Welding has made important contributions to the modernization of our national defence industry, such as the

13、making of nuclear reacton and manmade earth satellites for both are weldments.the welding technology embraces a wide area?What character istics does the submerg ed arc welding have?第 1次第 3頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）焊接對(duì)我們現(xiàn)代的國防工業(yè)也做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，如核反應(yīng)堆和人造地球衛(wèi)星的制造，它們都是焊接件。On the other side of the coin, those products of the nu

14、clear課堂練習(xí)判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)：At thebeginning of the 20th century, welding was broadly applied in the industry.reactors, radioisotope, are familiar around welding shops in their function of weld testing.另一方面，核反應(yīng)堆、放射性同位素在焊接車間都是非常熟悉 的，因?yàn)樵诤附釉囼?yàn)中經(jīng)常用到它們All these and other developments show that welding is no longer what

15、it was in time past, the simple matter of running a bead with a gas flame or a stick electrode上面提到的這些技術(shù)和其他焊接新技術(shù)表明：焊接不再是過去 那樣，用氣體火焰或一根焊條焊一道焊縫的簡單問題了。The operator of the modern automatic welder wears neither welding helmet nor goggles when welding the heavy-walled pressure vessel當(dāng)焊接厚壁壓力容器時(shí)，現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)焊機(jī)的操作者即不

16、需要戴焊 帽也不需要戴護(hù)目鏡，But depositing weld metal is about fifteen times faster than by manual methods而且熔敷金屬量比手工方式快，大約是十五倍，His welding rods are the two larger coils of wire at the top of the welding machine, and these are automatically fed into the weld 填充的焊絲在焊機(jī)上兩個(gè)大的焊絲盤里，這些焊絲會(huì)自動(dòng)的送 進(jìn)焊縫。The arc is not visible

17、in this method of welding, and so no helmet is required.這種焊接方法看不見電弧，所以不用帶焊帽。第 1次 第 4頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）The welding controls are grouped on the control panel to the immediate right of the operator焊接操作者通過焊機(jī)控制箱面板對(duì)焊接進(jìn)行控。課后作業(yè)New WordsReadingMaterialThis is the submerged arc welding, a commonly used welding metho

18、d that can in an hour deposit weld metal equal in weight to that of the operator himself.這就是埋弧焊，一種常用的焊接方法，它在一小時(shí)內(nèi)熔敷的金 屬量可以達(dá)到操作者本身的重量。At the opposite extreme is microwelding , in which the operator may need a microscope to see what he has welded另一個(gè)極端的焊接方法是顯微焊，在顯微焊中，操作者需要一 個(gè)顯微鏡來觀察所焊的焊縫。Between these tw

19、o extremes in size and welding capacity are perhaps five dozen other welding method s根據(jù)這兩種焊縫的尺寸和焊接能力，在這兩者之間，大約有60多種不同的焊接方法New Wordsweldvt.焊接n.焊接，焊縫versatileadj.多方面的nowadaysadj. 現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)今definevt.給下定義formerlyadj.以前fusionn.熔化，熔合meltv.熔化第1次 第 5頁沈陽大學(xué)教案授課章節(jié)Unit One Basic Knowledge of WeldingModule 2 Heat Tre

20、atment of Steel目的要求介紹鋼材熱處理的方法和工藝，使學(xué)生了解焊縫金屬熱處理的目的，掌握焊縫熱處理相 關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯，提高學(xué)生閱讀、理解科技英語的能力。課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語編寫時(shí)間 ：2009年1月20日重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn) hardening, tempering, and annealing教案內(nèi)容：Module 2 Heat Treatment of SteelThe welders must be familiar with how to heat treat metals 焊工一定要熟悉金屬進(jìn)行熱處理。Heat treatment is a method by which the

21、physical properties of a metal can be changed熱處理是一種改變金屬物理性能的方法。There are three main operations in the heat treatment of steel: hardening）, tempering, and annealincj.鋼的熱處理主要有三種方法：淬火、回火和退火。The hardening operation consists of heating the steel above its critical range and then quenching it, that is, ra

22、pidly cooling it in a suitable medium such as water brine, oil, or some other liquid.淬火是將鋼加熱到臨界點(diǎn)溫度以上，然后使之淬冷，即在一種 合適的介質(zhì)如水、鹽水、油或某些其他液體中使鋼快速冷卻。Having been hardened, the metal must be given a tempering treatment which consists of reheating the hardened steel to a temperature below the critical range, th

23、us producing the required physical properties.鋼經(jīng)過淬火以后，必須進(jìn)行回火處理，即將淬硬的鋼重新加熱 到臨界點(diǎn)溫度以下，從而獲得所要求的物理性能。Tempering is also called drawing the temper, because this operation gives a steel object the temper being require d課程回顧 Welding define Weldingtechniques, welding development課程引入 Heattreatment is a method

24、by which the physical properties of a metal canbe changed.時(shí)間安排： 課程回顧和 課程引入 5minNew words 10min課文講解 40min課堂練習(xí) 30min本課總結(jié) 5min回火也叫做韌性處理，因?yàn)榛鼗鹉軌蚴逛摼哂兴璧捻g性。第 2次 第1頁 沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）The critical points or critical temperatures are the temperatures at which a certain change takes place in the physical condition of

25、 the課堂練習(xí)What methods aresteel.there in the heat臨界點(diǎn)或臨界溫度就是鋼的物理狀態(tài)發(fā)生某種改變時(shí)的溫度。treatment ofsteel?These points are very important because in order to properly harden a piece of steel it must be heated to a temperature above the upper critical point.這些點(diǎn)是很重要的，因?yàn)橐唁摯阌玻捅仨毎唁摷訜岬缴吓R 界點(diǎn)溫度以上。Having known the criti

26、cal points for certain steel, we can easily control the heat in the furnace知道了某種鋼的臨界點(diǎn)，就很容易對(duì)爐子加熱溫度進(jìn)行控制。Gas, oil, and electric furnaces are the most commonly used for heat treating metal.金屬熱處理最常用的爐子有氣爐、油爐和電爐Annealing is the uniform heating of a metal above usual hardening temperatures followed by very

27、 slow cooling .退火通常是將金屬均勻加熱到淬火溫度以上，隨后緩慢冷卻。Annealing may be carried out either to soften a piece that is too hard to machine or to remachine a piece having been harden ed退火既可以使太硬而不能進(jìn)行機(jī)加工的工件變軟，又可以對(duì)已 經(jīng)被淬硬的工件進(jìn)行重新加工。Annealing also relieves internal stresses produced by machinin g 退火也可以消除由于機(jī)加工所產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)應(yīng)力。In w

28、elding , heat treatment usually refers to the post-welding introduction of heat to the weldment , to remove conditions brought about by the heat of welding第 2次 第 2頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）在焊接時(shí)，熱處理通常是指焊件在焊后的加熱，以消除焊接加 熱所造成的影響。課堂提問What are the critical temperatureWelder Harden tempern.焊工，焊機(jī)vt.淬火，硬化v.回火n.回火，韌度s of th

29、e steel?annealvt.退火課后作業(yè)Newcriticalquenchadj.臨界的vt.淬火，驟冷Wordsmediumn.介質(zhì)，媒介ReadingMaterial :brinen,鹽水Strengtheniupperadj.上圄的，較局方圄的ngMechanismfurnacen.爐子s in Welduniform adj. 均勻的soften vt.軟化remachine vt.再力口工relieve vt.消除，減輕internaladj.內(nèi)部的stressn.應(yīng)力post： weldingadj.焊后的introductionn. 介紹，弓 1人phrasesbe fam

30、iliar with 熟悉，精通heat treatment 熱處理physical property物理性能consist of包括，由組成carry out實(shí)現(xiàn)，執(zhí)行refer to 認(rèn)為，屬于，與.有關(guān)Reading Material Strengthening Mechanisms in Weld MetalsMetals第 2次 第 3頁沈陽大學(xué)教案課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語編寫時(shí)間 ：2009年1月25日授課章節(jié)Unit One Basic Knowledge of WeldingModule 3 Selection of Metals in Welding目的要求介紹焊接材料的焊接方

31、法。通過本課的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生了解金屬焊接的一些基本知識(shí)，掌 握相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯，提高學(xué)生閱讀、理解科技英語的能力。重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)weldability , hardness, stiffness, and ductility教案內(nèi)容：Module 3 Selection of Metals in Welding 金屬材料的焊接 TextMost of the seventy five or so metals in nature are used in industry, and about one-third of the metals are of interest welding 自然界中大約有七

32、十五種金屬，工業(yè)使用了大多數(shù)，其中大約 有三分之一金屬與焊接有關(guān)。A use can always be found for the particular combination of properties represented by any meta l任何具有特殊性能的金屬，總是可以找到用途的。Besides, the range of available metals has been greatly extended by alloying , and there is no limit to the number of alloys possible to be developed

33、止匕外，可用的金屬的品種已經(jīng)通過合金化大大地增加了， 而可 能研制出來的合金的數(shù)目則是無窮無盡的。From the one metal iron, probably more than 25, 000 alloys of steel are found to have been developedalthough the uses of pure iron are very few in contrast to the vast range of purposes served by the many steel alloys.雖然同許多合金鋼相比，純鐵本身的用途很少， 但基于純鐵，已發(fā)展出2

34、5,000多種合金了。The basic characteristics that make the metals so very useful are their weldability , hardness stiffness, and ductility(that is the property to be shaped easily )使金屬如此有用的最基本的特性是它 們的焊接性、硬度、剛性和塑性(即易于成形性能)，課程回顧hardening ,tempering, and annealing課程引入Selection of Metals in Welding時(shí)間安 排： 課程回顧和

35、課程引入 5minNew words 10min課文講解40min課堂練習(xí) 30min本課總結(jié) 5min第 3次 第1頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）課堂提問 What basic characteristi cs do the metals have?These characteristics of metals are of great importance to a welder.了解金屬的這些特性對(duì)焊工來講是非常重要的If he has some knowledge of them, he is certain to have his welding jobs done in a proper

36、way焊工掌握金屬這些特性，才能用合適的方法進(jìn)行焊接。There is no such thing as an ideal metal although nickel may be considered to have come closest.不存在理想金屬，雖然銀可以被認(rèn)為是最接近于理想金屬的。For a particular application , the best selection is the metal that has the most favourable features .對(duì)于特殊使用的金屬，最好選擇具有合適性能的材料，Probably the two most im

37、portant characteristics to be considered are cost and weight金屬的成本和重量可能是兩個(gè)最重要的特性。Weight particularly has been paid greater attention to in recent years owing to the development of modem industrie s隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展，近年來重量尤其引人注意，It is for this purpose that aluminium and beryllium are used to make aircrafts and

38、 rockets正是由于鋁和鉞很輕，才用它們制造飛機(jī)和火箭。Cost must be balanced against other characteristics of the metal.成本必須與金屬的其他特性相平衡，F(xiàn)or example, it is possible to replace beryllium by metals of only a hundredth the cost, but such substitutes cannot match beryllium stiffness and strength, and the industries concerned may

39、 decide that the superiority of beryllium warrants the increased cos t例如，用成本只為鉞的百分之一的金屬代替鉞是可能的，但這課堂練習(xí)判斷對(duì)為鉞的這種優(yōu)越性是值得花較高的成本的。錯(cuò):種替代品的剛性和強(qiáng)度卻不能和鉞相比，因此相關(guān)的工業(yè)人士認(rèn)第 3次第 3頁The uses of pure iron are very few, but the uses of steel alloys are broadly.In modern industries, it is the cost to be the most important.

40、(F) 課后作業(yè) New WordsReading MaterialWeldment and a JointFor other applications, however, beryllium is not in such a favour, and therefore is not considered as a metal to be require嘴而對(duì)于其 他的應(yīng)用，鉞就不是這么有利的，因此也就不被認(rèn)為是符合要求 的金屬了。New wordsindustry n.工業(yè)particular adj.特殊的，具體的combination n.結(jié)合alloy v.使成合金 n.合金iron

41、n.鐵characteristic n.特性weldability n.焊接性hardness n 硬度stiffness n.剛性ductility n .塑性nickel n.銀application n.應(yīng)用，適用selection n.選擇favourable adj. 有利的feature n.特性，特aluminium n.鋁Reading MaterialWeldment and a Joint沈陽大學(xué)課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語授課章節(jié)目的要求重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)教案內(nèi)容:Text教案編寫時(shí)間 ：2009年1月25日Unit One Basic Knowledge of WeldingEffec

42、t of Welding on Structure of Steel介紹焊接對(duì)鋼組織的影響，通過本課的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生了解焊接時(shí)， 鋼組織變化的一些基本知識(shí)，掌握相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯，提高學(xué)生閱讀、理解科技英語的能力。Austenite ferrite pearlite critical temperaturesModule 4 Effect of Welding on Structure of SteelDuring the welding process, the molten metal is at a temperaturefrom 2500 c degrees centigrade to 30

43、00 c , and the weld may beconsidered as a region of cast steel在焊接過程中，熔化金屬的溫度在2500c到3000c之間，焊縫可以被看作是鑄鋼區(qū)。Since regions near the weld may be comparatively cool giving asteep thermal gradient from weld to parent plat e it will be possible tofind crystal structures of all types in the vicinity , and grea

44、t changesmay take place as the rate of cooling is altere d 由于近縫區(qū)溫度比較低，從而使焊縫到母材有一個(gè)陡的溫度梯度，因此在焊縫附近可能存在各種晶體組織，并且當(dāng)冷卻速度改變時(shí)，這些組織也可能發(fā)生很大的變化。A typical cross section from the molten pool to the cold section ofthe parent plate might reveal the following regions Figure 1-2. 從熔池到冷的母材的典型橫截面可以顯示出下面的區(qū)域，如圖1-2所課程回顧we

45、ldability ,hardness ,stiffness, andductility課程引入EffectWelding StructureSteelofon of時(shí)間安排： 課程回顧和 課程引入5minNew words10min示。課文講解40min課堂練習(xí)30minBrCC.delta in)n( 8 )abovc !4(MJDC and autvnik If'.C.C. gdirimH iron y)Ausicnhe and Rmteirnilentli' being precipilMtud 720,Molten pooi-pyrent plate andPiirc

46、nt phneFerrate and pcarhic betow 72(>1"C本課總結(jié)5min第 4次 第 5 頁沈陽大學(xué)教案(續(xù)頁)Ferrite and pearlite below 720 cAustenite 9001400 cdelta iron( S )above1400 c andausteNte(F. C. C. gamma iron y )Molten pool parent plate and課堂提問Whatregions arethere fromthe moltenweld metal, above 1500cpool to thecold secti

47、onof theparentplate?Austenite and ferrite(alpha iron) ferrite being precipitated 72cH 900 c(a)The molten pool with parent plate and weld metal mixed at temperatures above melting point 15002 .母材和填充金屬混 合形成的熔池(溫度在熔點(diǎn)1500c以上)。(b)A region with B.C.C delta iron and austenite(F.C.C gamma iron)mixed.體心立方晶格的

48、S鐵素體和奧氏體(面心立方 晶格的丫鐵)的混合區(qū)(C)A region of austenite above the upper critical temperature9001 400c.在上臨界點(diǎn)即9001400c以上的奧氏體區(qū)(d)A region of austenite and ferrite(B.C.C . alpha iron), where ferrite is being precipitated(between upper and lower critical temperatures).奧氏體和鐵素體(體心立方晶格的 口 鐵)區(qū)，鐵素體在上、下臨界溫度之間析出(e)The

49、 parent plate of ferrite and pearlite 鐵素體和珠光體 母材There is great possibility, in addition, that oxygen or even nitrogen may be absorbed into the weld itself 止匕夕卜，氧、 甚至氮， 很可能會(huì)溶于焊縫中。We have seen that when oxidation occurs on the crystal boundaries, the impact strength and fatigue resistance of the metal

50、 are教案（續(xù)頁）greatly, reduced, and hence a weld which has absorbed oxygen wil show these symptoms.我們已經(jīng)了解，當(dāng)晶界發(fā)生氧化時(shí)，金屬 的沖擊強(qiáng)度和疲勞強(qiáng)度將大大降低，因此已經(jīng)吸收氧的焊縫將會(huì) 出現(xiàn)這些現(xiàn)象。課堂練習(xí)I.Whyshall we saythat theweldingprocess is aThe formation of iron nitride(Fe4N)also makes the weldbrittle. The nitride is usually present in the f

51、orm of fine needle-shaped crystals visible under the high-powered microscope FaN 的形成也 使焊縫變脆，在高倍顯微鏡下，氮化物通常是以細(xì)針狀的形式存 在。smallsteel-casting operation?The weld must be safeguarded from these defects as much as possible.焊縫必須盡可能防止這些缺陷。Evidently, also, the composition of the Aller rod or electrodecompared w

52、ith that of the parent metal will be of great importance , since this will naturally alter the properties of the steel at or near the weld.很明顯的，焊絲或焊條的成分與母材成分相比也是很重 要的，因?yàn)檫@將很自然地改變焊縫或近縫區(qū)的鋼的性能。2.Whatstructuresdo weexpect toget afterwelding?If the mass of the parent metal is small and cooling is very qui

53、ck, the weld may be tough and strong but brittle, and this will particularly be the case if the carbon content is high. 如果母材質(zhì)量 小，冷卻速度很快，那么焊縫將會(huì)是牢固的，但卻是脆的，這在 含碳量高的情況下更是如此。If, however, cooling is slow, structures of sorbite or ferrite andpearlite are found, giving a lower strength and decreased hardnes

54、sbut at the same time a very much increased ductility and impact strength.然而，如果冷卻緩慢，就會(huì)形成索氏體或鐵素體和珠光 體組織，它們強(qiáng)度低，硬度小，但同時(shí)塑性和沖擊強(qiáng)度會(huì)大大提教案（續(xù)頁）Evidently, therefore, the welding of a given joint requires the consideration, as to what properties are required in the finished weld(tenacity, ductility, impact stre

55、ngth, resistance to wear and abrasion etc ).因此，要焊接一個(gè)給te的接頭，就需要仔細(xì)考慮 焊縫所要求的各項(xiàng)性能如韌性、塑性、沖擊強(qiáng)度和耐磨性等。When this is settled the method of welding and the rate of cooling can be considered, together with the choice of suitable welding rods.當(dāng)這些性能被確定后，就應(yīng)該考慮焊接方法、冷卻 速度以及選擇合適的焊絲了。These considerations are of particular importance in the case of the welding of alloy steels, since great care is necessary in the choic of suitable welding rods, which will give the weld the correct properties required在焊接合金鋼時(shí)，這些考慮是非常重要的，因 為只有很認(rèn)真地選擇合適的焊絲，才能使焊縫得到所需要的性能。In many cases heat trea