初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必備

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題專題一：詞匯部分（名詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞）A:名詞專項(xiàng)可修飾名詞的常用詞：1）修飾可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of2） 飾可數(shù)名詞的有： many, （a）few, a large （great） number of3）只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：much, （a）little, a great deal of2、難點(diǎn)1）名詞所有格的歸納1、a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes2、Children's Day3、a friend

2、of my father's4、a twenty minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, a boat's length two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。（說(shuō)明：表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格要用's5、 a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country, the color of the flowers o（說(shuō)明：無(wú)牛命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)）6、L

3、i Lei and Wang Fei's bedroom, an hour and a half's talk（說(shuō)明：表示兩個(gè)名詞共有一樣?xùn)|西時(shí)，在第二個(gè)名詞后面加s）7、Jim's and Peter's desks; Joe's and David's books（說(shuō)明：表示兩個(gè)名詞各有的東西時(shí)，在各個(gè)名詞后都加'So）2）名詞詞語(yǔ)辨析區(qū)別部分名詞詞語(yǔ)辨析：I. voice, noise, sound, musicII. home, house, family, countryIII. place , floor, room , gr

4、oundIV. work, job3、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1） Help yourself to.A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken答案：C （選才A A的同學(xué)要注意chicken當(dāng)雞肉講時(shí)不可數(shù)）2）it is today!A. What fine weather B. What a fine weatherC. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather 答案：A.（選擇B的同學(xué)要注意weather不可數(shù).選擇C和D的同學(xué)要注意weather是名詞，要用what來(lái)感嘆.）3） Wh

5、ich is the way to the?A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoeD. shfaetoiry factory答案：A.（選;f¥ D的同學(xué)注意這里不是指名詞所有格，而是名詞作形容詞的用法.類似的用法如:pencil box; school bag等.）4） This class now. Miss Gao teaches them.A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying答案：A.（選才¥ B的同學(xué)要注意，當(dāng)這種概念名詞當(dāng)人”講的時(shí)候要做復(fù)數(shù)處

6、理.類彳以的還有:the police are running after the thie?。┑诙糠郑簭?qiáng)化練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1、基礎(chǔ)題1. -What would you like to drink,or orange?-Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. coke D. icecream2. - They are thirsty. W川 you please give them?-Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D

7、. some bottle of waters3. The are going to fly to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans4. What' s your for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news5. - It ' s dangerous here. We ' d better go out quickly.-But I think we should let go out first.A. woman and children

8、 B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children6. - You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign" " on the door of his sho-Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURSC.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING7. Are they going to have a picnic on?A. Children ' s DaB. Childrens ' s DayC. Childrens D

9、ay D. Children Day8. are cleaned every day.A. Our classroom of windows B. Our classroom windowsC. Our classroom of windows D. The windows of our classroom9. There is still orange here, but people want to drink it.A. little, little B. a little, few C. a little, a few D. a few, little 10. I have never

10、 read any books of.A. Luxun's B. Mark Twain C. Charles Dickens D. Bill Gates 1、提高題1. Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident.A. person, life B. people, lives C. peoples, lives D. persons, life2. One of the family on the bed.A. photos is B. photoes are C. photos are D. photoes is3. Th

11、ere are some foreigners talking in the room. They are two ,three and two.A. Japanese; Englishmen; Germans B. Japanese; Englishman, GermanC. Japaneses; Englishmen, GermansD. Japanese, Englishmen, Germen4. The sign “BUSINESS HOURS can be seen ina.A. shop B. school C. park D. museum 5. mother made them

12、 have piano lessons.A. Peter and Anne B. Peter's and Anne's C. Peter's and Anne D. Peter and Anne's6. -Please help me move the table in.-But there is not enough for it.A. place B. floor C. room D. ground7. These have saved many children ' s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC.

13、 women doctorsD. woman doctor8. Yesterday Xiao Min bought a new pair of.It is made of.A. glass; glass B. glasses; glass C. glasses; glasses D. glass; glasses 9. -How does Mr Smith go to his office?-Every morning he takes a to his office.A.20 minutes walk B.20 minute's walk C.20 minute walk D.20

14、minutes' walk10. I went to the shop to buy a dictionary.A. book B. books C. book's D. books'11. -Do you think selling vegetables?-Yes, but my mother likes it very much.A. is a hard work B. are hard work C. is hard work D. is hard job12. You should take more. Don't always sit at the d

15、esk busy doingyour.A. exercise, exerciseB. exercises, exercisesC. exercises exercise D. exercise, exercises13. She was born in Wuhan but Beijing has become her secondA. home B. family C. house D. country14. day we ' re having today!A. What a fine B. How fine C. What fine a D. What fine15. What d

16、id the headmaster say about Jim ' s?A. two- months holidayB. two months ' holidaysC. two-month holidayD. two month ' s holiday16. 一 Where is David?一 Oh, he is reading under the tall tree in the gardenA. several papers B. several paper C. a piece of paper D a paper 17. 一 The Internet is s

17、o convenient that we can get all we wanted.That' s right. It is very helpful in our lives now.A. the information B. an informationC. the informations D. information18. - What about Mr. Black' s speech?-Wonderful! There were people thereA. a large number of B. much C.a great deal of D. lots二、

18、綜合填空Yesterday my mother went into a shop to buy some fruit and v 1 .She put her basket and her handbag down on a table and went to buy some apples. She was going to pay them when she found the handbag was gone! The basket was on the table, but the handbag was not. My mother was very surprised.Sudden

19、ly there was a lot of n2 at the door of the shop, and two p3_ came in. They were holding a man and my_m4_ bag. One of them askedmy mother how m5 money she had.B:數(shù)詞專項(xiàng)第一部分：知識(shí)點(diǎn)分析一、基數(shù)詞1）基數(shù)詞讀法：年，月，日，時(shí)刻的讀法，如2007年六月十三日讀作：June （the） thirteenth, two thousand and seven（主要體現(xiàn)在口語(yǔ)考試和聽(tīng)力題目中）2）表示一個(gè)具體數(shù)字時(shí)，hundred, tho

20、usand, million, billion一律不用復(fù)數(shù)；在表示一個(gè)不確定數(shù)字時(shí)則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, thousands of people became homeless.3）在一些表示"一排"或"一組"的詞組里；如：They arrived in twos and threes . 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻闹罸達(dá)了。4）表示"幾十歲"， 例如：He died still in his forties .5）表示"

21、;年代"，用in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)；二、序數(shù)詞1）序數(shù)詞主要用作定語(yǔ)，前面要加定冠詞，例如：The first truck is carrying a foot baskets2）序數(shù)詞有時(shí)前面可加不定冠詞來(lái)表示再一“，又一”這樣的意思，例如：We'll have to do it a second time3）注意較為容易拼寫錯(cuò)誤的序數(shù)詞及其縮寫形式：one-first, two-second,three-third, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth ?？s寫形式：first f1stsecondf

22、2ndthird f3rd fourth f4thtwenty-second -22nd4）表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí)，分母加-s。例如：three fourths, one second, two fifths2、難點(diǎn)倍數(shù)表示法主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。3、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1. We will have a holiday after the exam.A. two month B. two- month C. two month ' s D-

23、months答案：B （選才C C的同學(xué)要注意應(yīng)用two months'選才D D的同學(xué)要注意名詞之間有“一”后的組合詞當(dāng)作形容詞來(lái)用，因此就不用所有格形式了 .）2. .trees are cut down in the forests every year.A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of答案：D.（選;f¥ C的同學(xué)注意詞組記憶的準(zhǔn)確性）3. Our sports meeting will be held.A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, Tue

24、sdayC. on Tuesday, April 24 D. in April Tuesday 24答案：C.（選B的同學(xué)是受到中文的影響，要特別注意中英文的差異）May 20th,2002,the twentieth of May,2002注意：帶有數(shù)詞的名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用單數(shù)形式a seven-year-old boy4. Our school will hold a sports meeting next week. Tom and I will be in boys' .A.800-metres-race B.800-metres raceC.800-metre race D

25、.800 metre race答案：C. 800 來(lái)修飾 race,有兩種表達(dá)法，800-metre race或 800 metres' race.5. I'm very hungry, I have eaten two cakes, would you please give me one?A. move B. three C. a third D. the third答案：C.序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞，表示 又一，再一 ”，表示another。6. of the land in the world is covered by water.A. Four three B. Thre

26、e four C. Three fourth D. Three fourths答案：D.此題考查分?jǐn)?shù)的寫法，如果分子大于1,分母用復(fù)數(shù)。例 6 We will haveholiday in the winter.A. four weeks B. a four-week C. four week D. a four weeks答案：B.此題為一個(gè)四星期的假期，數(shù)詞+名詞用作定語(yǔ)。第二部分：強(qiáng)化練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1、基礎(chǔ)題1. -How many workers are there in your factory?-There are two.A. hundreds B. hundred C. hu

27、ndred of D. hundreds of2. About students in our class can describe that place in English.A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths3. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? -Yes, it is.A.856620 B. 85626 C.58662 D.586264. . When was the PRC found

28、ed? It was founded on.A. July 1, 1921B. October 1, 1949C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 19225. .Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of6. Mr Zhang teaches at Middle School.A. a No.5 B.No.5 C. the No.5th D.5th

29、 No7. John lives on floor.A. twenty B. twentieth C. the twentieth D. the twentyth 8. He has worked on the farm for years.A. two and half B. two and a halfC. a half and two D. two halves and a 9. Xiao Mao and Da Mao are in.A. team Fourth B. the team Four C. Team Four D. Four team10. Sorry, had been s

30、old out. A.42 size B. Size 42 C.the 42 size D. the size 42 2、提高題1. It is said that SARS has killed more than people worldwide.A. three hundreds B. three hundreds 'C. three hundred ' sD. three hundred2. -What do you think of a war, Li Ming?-I ' veo idea. But it ' asfact that people ha

31、d to leave their hometownduring the War on Iraq.A. three millions B. million of C. millions ofD. several millions3. We all think that the century will bring us more hopes.A. twenty-firstB. twentieth-first C. twenty-oneD.twentieth-one 4. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a one.A. three

32、 B. third C. forth D. /5. I heard the sports meeng has been put off until, hasn' t it?A. the 3 and 4 B. the 3th and 4 th C. the 3 rd and 4 th D. four and five 6.of the earth made up of oceans.A. Two-third; is B. Two-thirds; is C. Two-third; are D. Two-thirds; are7. Since 1964,satellites have bee

33、n sent into space.A. dozens ofB. four dozensC. dozen ofD. severaldozens8. Jack Booth is a man.A. 21-years-old B. 21 years old9. I ve lived here for about .A. two and a half yearC. two year and a half10. -Dad, what s the sea like?C. 21-year-old D. 21 year oldB. two and a half yearsD. two years and ha

34、lf-Well, it s large and full of water.oIvtecrs about of the earth.A. one third B. three quarter C. three-fourth D. three quartersC:冠詞專項(xiàng)第一部分：知識(shí)點(diǎn)分析歸納1:不定冠詞1） a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物2）指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)3）指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明何人或和物4）表示每一 ”的意思，相當(dāng)于every歸納2：定冠詞1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物2）指說(shuō)話人和聽(tīng)話人都熟悉的人或事物3）上文提到過(guò)的人或事物4）表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的

35、事物5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前6）用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物7）用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中8）用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示 某某一家人"，某某夫婦9）用于江湖、海洋、山脈、群島的名稱前面。10）用于演奏的樂(lè)器之前，活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所或方向、方位之前。歸納3:不用冠詞的情況1）專有名詞人名，地名，節(jié)日，月份，年份，星期和不可數(shù)名詞（一般指物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞）前一般不用冠詞。2）球類，棋類，語(yǔ)言，三餐，游戲名稱和顏色前不加冠詞。3）名詞前已有 this, that, my, your, some, any, no, each, eve/代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不 用冠詞。4）在表示家庭

36、成員名稱，稱呼語(yǔ)，表示頭銜或職務(wù)的名詞前不加冠詞5）表示某一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。歸納4:區(qū)別以下詞組at tableat the tableat schoolat the schoolgo to sea go to the seago to school go to the school go to bed go to the bedat desk at the deskby sea by the seago to hospitalgo to the hospitalin class in the classin prison in the prisonin bed in the bedi

37、n hospital in the hospitalin place of in the place ofin case of in the case ofin future in the future on earth on the earthnext year the next yeartake place take the placein front of n the front of out of question out of the questiontwo of us /the two of usa teacher and writer a teacher and a writer

38、3、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 It's time for dinner. Kings are at table.A./,the B. the, the C. The,/ D./,/答案：C.在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前用the表示一家人，就餐用at table.2 -What do you usually have for breakfast?-I often have bread and milk.A./,/ B./,the C. a,/ D. the, the答案：A.物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。3 Don't give up, try for second twice.A. the B. a C./ D.

39、an答案：B.根據(jù)題意，請(qǐng)?jiān)僭囈淮?，序?shù)詞second前加a,表示another。4 Would you go for walk with me after supper?A. the,/ B. a,/ C./,the D./,a答案：B. go for a walk為固定搭配，三餐前不加冠詞。5 There isn't water or air on the moon, and man can't live on it.A. a B. the C. one D./答案：D.當(dāng)man表示人類時(shí)，前面不加冠詞。6 more you read English, better you

40、'll learn.A. The, the B./,/ C. A, a D. The, a答案：A.定冠詞the用于比較級(jí)中，表示越 ,越。第二部分：強(qiáng)化練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1、基礎(chǔ)題一.單項(xiàng)填空1 . More college graduates would like to work in west part of our country next year.A. the, the B./,/ C./,the D. the,/2. He hit his sister in face.A. the B. her C. x D. his3. -Have you seen book? I le

41、ft it here this morning.-Is it Chinese book? I saw it.A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a4. There's "u" and "s" jn word “use” .A. an, a, the B. a, an, C. a, a, a D. a, an, the5. -Did you see my grandmother?-Oh, I saw old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. Maybe she is.

42、A. a B. an C. the D. x6. -Do you see man with dog?-Oh, Yes, dog is yellow.A. the, a, The B. a, a, the C. a, a, A D. a, the, A7. next morning, she went to school without breakfast.A. The, the, the B. The,/,/ C./,/,the D. The,/,the8. -How do you like film?-It's very moving, I think.A. the, a B. a,

43、 the C. the,/ D./,the9. -What' s the matter with you?-I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the10. -Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.-Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a2、提高題1. I ' m going to se

44、e my mother. She is 川.A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital2. We have three meals day. We have breakfast at 6 30 in morning every day.A. the, the, the B. the, /, the C. a, /, the D .a, the, the3. Tina, could you please play piano for me while I ' m singingWith pleas

45、ure.A .a B. an C. the D. /4. - What is most useful invention in the 2(th century?-computer, I think.A. the; A B. a; A C. the; The D. /; the5. Can you see one-eyed cow in field?A. an; the B. a; the C. /; the D. a; a6. My friend Bob likes to play basketball before supper.A. the; the B. /; the C. the;

46、/ D. /; /7. Guangzhou today is more beautiful now. Mr. Jackson said he would visit it third time.A. The; a B. The; the C. /; a D. /; the8. I think this is useful dictionary.A. very a B. very an C. quite a D. quite an9. - Did you have good time yesterday afternoon?-Yes. It is pleasure to fly kites on

47、 sunny spring days.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. a; /10. - How far is it from our school to seaside?-It is eight-kilometer walk from here.A. the; an B. /; an C. the; a D. /; a二、根據(jù)需要在短文空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~On fine morning in May, my classmates and I went to visit university. It is one of biggest universities i

48、n our city. We sawstudents of university were studying. We talked with old professor .He told us a lot about his university. At half past ten we said goodbye to professor of university and came back to_ school. We had a good time that day because we learned a lot from visit.Keys:名詞基礎(chǔ)題：1-5 CBDCD 6-10

49、 BADBA提高題：1-5 BAAAD 6-10 CCBDA 11-15 CDAAC 16-18 CAA綜合填空 1. vegetables 2. noise 3. policemen 4. mother ' 5. much數(shù)詞基礎(chǔ)題：1-5 BABCD 6-10 BCBCB提高題：1-5 DCABC 6-10 BACDD冠詞區(qū)別詞組：at table在進(jìn)餐 at the table在桌子旁邊at desk在讀書at the des心課桌旁at school 在上學(xué) at the schoo 在學(xué)校里by se冰船by the seai 海邊go to sestB 海go to the

50、 se去海邊go to school 去上學(xué) go to the school（3 事）去學(xué)校go to bed 上床睡覺(jué)go to the bedft 床上go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院in class在上課 in the class在班級(jí)里面in bed 臥床 in the bed 在床上in prison 坐牢 in the prison（因事）在監(jiān)獄 in hospital 住院in the hospital（H 事）在醫(yī)院in place of 代替 in the place offt 的地方in case of 萬(wàn) in the

51、case o砒來(lái)說(shuō)in future從今以后, 將來(lái)in the future未來(lái)next yea前年the next year第二年on earths竟on the earthft地球上，在世上 take place發(fā)生 take the placeR 替in front of在一（外部的）前面in the front of在一（內(nèi)部的）前面out of question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)out of the question 完全不可能two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人/the two of us我們兩人（共計(jì)兩人）a teacher and whteL位教師兼作家 a teacher and a

52、writer位教師和位作家基礎(chǔ)題：1-5 C DADDB 6-10 BBCAD提高題：1-5 ACCCB 6-10 CCCDA根據(jù)需要在短文空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~On afine morning in May, my classmates and I went to visit auniversity. It is one of the biggest universities in our city. We sawthestudents of the university were studying. We talked with an old professor .He told us a

53、lot about his university. At half past ten we said goodbye to the professor of the university and came back to / school. We had a good time that day because we learned a lot from the visit.專題二：動(dòng)詞及時(shí)態(tài)一、考點(diǎn)分析考點(diǎn)一：時(shí)態(tài)在狀語(yǔ)從句中的考察。（主要是時(shí)態(tài)的搭配使用）A、主將從現(xiàn)”原則例-I ' ll plan a visit to Hong Kong if it tomorrow .-Rea

54、lly ? I think I with you .A. don ' t rain , go B. won ' t rain , goC. isn ' t rain , will go D. doesn ' t rain , will goB、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與三種時(shí)態(tài)的搭配使用：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去 將來(lái)時(shí)例 He was sure that he his wallet in the office .A. leftB. would leaveC. had leftD. has left例When she at the do

55、or, my mother some washing.A. knocked didB. was knocking didC. knocked was doingD. knocks is doing考點(diǎn)二：語(yǔ)境中時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)比使用（主要是時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分）A、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別例 -you ever Tom before ?-No, I him just two minutes ago.A. Did, know ; metB. Have, known ; have metC. Have, known; metD. Did, know; had metB、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 例 Mr.

56、Smith short stories, but he a TV play these days.A. is writing is writing B. is writing writesC. writes is writing D. writes writesC、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別例How did the accident happen?You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it.A. was was raining B. washad rainedC. is - is raining D. was - rai

57、ned考點(diǎn)三：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)中與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配使用（主要是在完成時(shí)中的使 用）A、在特殊疑問(wèn)句中的考查例-How long you England , Sue ?-Since two years ago.A. have, been to B. have , gone to C. have , been in D. have ,moved toB、在句型中的考查例It two years since he the Party.A. is; has joinedB. was; joinedC. has been; joinedD. had been; joinedC、在一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換中的考查例The meeting has been off for two hours .It since.The meeting two hours ago.3、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)分析A、when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)比使用問(wèn)題例 When I the C