2018屆高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)分類匯編講義特殊句型

1、 1 / 5 2018屆高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)分類匯編精品講義特殊句型Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down？(2018四川卷15) A. where B. that C. which D. what 【解析】選B。該句為含強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般問句。強(qiáng)調(diào)了地點(diǎn)狀語on a lonely island，不能選where。它不是定語從句。該句可以還原為一個(gè)陳述句：Hewassavedonemonthaftertheboat went down on a lonely island. 考點(diǎn)1.強(qiáng)調(diào)

2、句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu) Is_threehours_theboy_familyispoortocometoschoolonfoot?A. it; that; whoseB. it; that it takes; whose C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 特殊句型主要涉及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝句及省略句。 【解析】選B。這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)作賓語的時(shí)間名詞three hours, the boy后接一個(gè)定語從句，whose作定語修飾family。句意：那位家境貧寒的男孩花了三個(gè)小時(shí)徒步來到學(xué)校嗎？ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：It + b

3、e +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(who)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式為：Is(Was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who？ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式為：Who/When/Where/Why + is (was) it that？強(qiáng)調(diào)句若以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn)，很容易誤解。比較： Why is it that he cant come?他為什么不能來？ What is it that he wants to buy?他想要買什么？ 以上兩句可視為由以下陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換而來： It is because he is ill that he cant come. 2 / 5 It is a computer that

4、 he wants to buy. 溫馨提示：當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)，可用who代替其中的that,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)時(shí)，不能用when和where代替that。 考點(diǎn)2. not until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It was not until _ that I knew the truth. (2018四川成都外國語學(xué)校高三第三次月考卷) A. you told me B. did you tell me C. had you told me D. you have told me 【解析】選A。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)了not until you told me。在強(qiáng)調(diào)not until句型時(shí)要將not與until放在一起，并

5、且語序不變。 其基本形式為It is (was) not until that 。 It was not until yesterday that we knew about it. 直到昨天我們才知道這件事。 考點(diǎn)1.部分倒裝 My father and my mother have been married for 30 years, and never once _with each other.(福建省三明二中2018高三二模卷) A. have they quarreled B. they have quarreled C. did they quarrel D. had they

6、quarreled 【解析】選A。表否定意義的副詞放于句首時(shí)后引起部分倒裝。即：否定意義副詞助動(dòng)詞主語動(dòng)詞。倒裝句 部分否定即將主語與助動(dòng)詞倒置，其結(jié)構(gòu)與疑問句大致相同。構(gòu)成部分倒裝的主要情形有： 1.含否定意義的詞(如：never,hardly,seldom,little,few,notuntil,not,notonly,nosooner,notasingle， 3 / 5 nolonger,nowhere,bynomeans,atnotime,neither,nor等)置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝。 2.so表示前面所說的情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，意為“也一樣”，用“so+助動(dòng)詞+主語”這

7、樣的倒裝句式。若講述的情況屬于同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，意為“的確如此”，主謂不倒裝。要注意如果一個(gè)并列句中含有兩個(gè)性質(zhì)不同的謂語，另一個(gè)省略的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)要用“So it is/was with sb./sth.”或“It is/was the same with sb./sth.”來表示。 3.only加狀語(即：only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句等)放在句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝。 4.當(dāng)虛擬條件句含有were, should, had時(shí)，可省略if,將were, should, had置句首。 5. so / such that結(jié)構(gòu)中，將so / such 置于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。 考點(diǎn)2.完全倒

8、裝 Out _，still discussing the fashion show with great interest. (江蘇南京金陵中學(xué)高三第4次模擬卷) A. walked a crowd of young girls B. did a crowd of young girls walk C. were walking a crowd of young girls D. a crowd of young girls were walking 【解析】選A。方位副詞out放于句首，后用全部倒裝。即謂語動(dòng)詞全部在主語之前。 完全倒裝即將謂語移到主語前。構(gòu)成完全倒裝的情形主要有： 1.以n

9、ow, then, here, there, out, in, up, down, off, away等副詞開頭的句子，且句子主語是名詞時(shí)，句子常用完全倒裝。若主語為代詞，則不用倒裝。 4 / 5 2.將表語和地點(diǎn)狀語(多為介詞短語)置于句首加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后通常用倒裝語序。 考點(diǎn)3.另類倒裝 That boy enjoys drawing very much. _，I have never seen anyone else who is as enthusiastic about drawing ashe is. A. As long as I have traveledB. Traveled

10、 so much as I haveC. As I have traveled so muchD. Much as I have traveled 【解析】選D。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可將副詞提前至句首。 1. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，必須將表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形提到as前面。若提前的表語是名詞，一般不用冠詞。 2.當(dāng)such用作表語時(shí)，通常采用倒裝語序。 3.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將謂語部分的分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝。 省略句 例1：It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _，wed bettertake it

11、to the garage immediately. (2018江蘇卷33) A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so 【解析】選D。if soif it is so。it代指It sounds like something iswrong with thecars engine.這件事。 例2：Will he fail in the exam? _. A. Dont hope to B. Lets hope not C. Not hope so D. Lets hope not to 5 / 5 【解析】選B。考查用so, not省略前面提到的事，表肯定與否定。so可代替單詞、詞組、句子，作believe, do, expect, guess, hope, fear, imagine, suppose, think等詞的賓語；not代替否定的句子，用法與so相似。根據(jù)句意“(讓)我們希望他考試不要失敗”和語法規(guī)則，為了不重復(fù)別人的話，表示否定意義時(shí)，hope只用(I) hope not的形式。 1.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中，當(dāng)從句的主語跟主句的主語一致時(shí)，