初中英語時態(tài)總結(jié)1

1、初中英語八大時態(tài)全套精講及練習題.1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1)經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：every，sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at ，on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning. He watches Tv once a week .2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goe

2、s before a fall. 驕者必敗。注意： 此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例： Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較： Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。

3、再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now 是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。二 . 構(gòu)成及變化1、 be 動詞的變化肯定句：主語 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一個男孩。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語 +其它。 如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：W

4、here is my bike?2、行為動詞的變化當主語為第一，二人稱及復數(shù)時，助動詞為do肯定句：主語+動詞原形(+其它)。如： We often play basketball after school.否定句：主語 + dont+動詞原形(+其它)。 如：we don t play basketball after school.一般疑問句：Do + 主語+動詞原形+其它 ? 如： Do you often play basketball after school l?Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以 do 開頭的一般疑問句? 如： What d

5、o you often do after school ?當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,助動詞為does肯定句：主語+動詞三單式(+其它)。如：He swims well.否定句：主語 + doesn t+動詞原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well.一般疑問句：Does +主語+動詞原形+其它如：Does he swim well?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句 ？如：How does your father go to work?三、第三人稱單數(shù)的動詞變化規(guī)則(只有在第三人稱為主語的肯定句中，動詞才用三

6、單式)(1)多數(shù)動詞直接加 s: runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs(2)結(jié)尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母，結(jié)尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)動詞末尾 y 前為輔音：將 y 改為 i 力口 es:study-studies fly - flies carry - carries cry-cries 但在 y 前如果為元音則直接加s: buys says2 一般過去時的用法1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：ye

7、sterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon,evening ) last night (week, month, year )， a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago just now,等。 Where did you go just now?2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns

8、went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到時間了 該了 It is time sb. did sth.時間已遲了 早該了 你該睡覺了。你早該睡覺了。表示寧愿某人做某事It is time for you to go to bed.It is time you went to bed. would （had） rather sb. did sth. Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hop

9、e 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 比較：一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for s

10、even years.（ 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動詞 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動詞could, would. Could you lend me your bike?3 used to / be used toused to + do： 過去常常表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.S

11、carf used to take a walk.（過去常常散步）be used to + doing：對已感到習慣，或習慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.（ 現(xiàn)在習慣于散步）典型例題Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. Its 69568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案 A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用

12、過去時。二、構(gòu)成及變化1 . Be 動詞在一般過去時中的變化：am 和 is 在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。 (was not= wasn t)are 在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。 (were not=weren t)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在 was或were后加not, 一般疑問句把 was或were調(diào)到句首。2 .行為動詞在一般過去時中的變化：肯定句 ： 主語 + 動詞的過去式.I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主語 + didn t + 動詞原形. I didn t watch a film

13、last Sunday .一般疑問句Did + 主語 + 動詞原形?Did you watch a film last Sunday ?Yes, I did . No , I didn t .特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ 以 did 開頭的一般疑問句? What did you do last Sunday ?3、現(xiàn)在進行時一、意義當表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或正在發(fā)生的事。時間標志now,句前的look ,listen二、構(gòu)成:be (am, is ,are )+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing 形式肯定句：主語+ be + 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing (+ 其他 )I m doing my homework now .否

14、定句：主語+be+not+ 動詞 -ing + 其他 . I m not doing my homework now.一般疑問句：Be+主語+動詞-ing +其他？Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , I m not .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動詞-ing+其他？ What are you doing now ?三、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：(1)一般在動詞末尾直接加ing,(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉 e,再加ing,如 skate fskating make fmaking dance f dancing writ

15、e f writing have f having ride f riding come f coming(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，中間只有一個元音字母，詞尾只有一個輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping joggingsitting getting forgetting letting四、現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法：a. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。

16、Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。You are always changing you

17、r mind.典型例題My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.答案 D. 前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。9 不用進行時的動詞1) 事實狀態(tài)的動詞 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist,

18、 include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動詞Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3) ）瞬間動詞ac

19、cept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4）系動詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.4過去進行時1）概念：過去進行時主要表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示過去某一階段一直在 進行的動作2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動 作發(fā)生。3）常用的時間狀語this morning, t

20、he whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 典型例題1） Mary a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B

21、. is making C. was making D. makes答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時。同 時，when表時間的同時性，”瑪麗 在做衣服時提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進行時。2） As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.read; was falling B. was reading ； fell C. was reading ； was falling D. read; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while ,意為當之時。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時，用過去 進行；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為在她看報紙時

22、，奶奶睡著了。句中的fell （fall的過去時）,是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如： fall sick。一、過去進行時結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句則在 was/were后加一個not,疑問句將 was/were提前則可。如： He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.f He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.f Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? （Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.）fWhat was he doing a

23、t 5:00 yesterday?二、過去進行時用法：1 .過去進行時主要表示過去某個時刻正在進行的動作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。如：（just） then 引E 時： 當時 at this/that time在 I 文 用E 時yesterday afternoon 昨天下午at nine 在九點last night 昨晚（、at） this time yesterday 在昨天這個時但在不少情況下，沒有表示時間的狀語，這時需要通過上下文來表示。What were you doing at nine last night?昨晚九點的時候，你在做什么？I was watching TV at

24、home yesterday afternoon我昨天下午正在家里看電視。 They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天這個時候他們在踢足球。2 .過去進行時也可以表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。常與those days, the wholemorning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等時間狀語連用。(1) From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .從 1983 到 1998 年，他正在耶魯大學教書。(2) They were building a b

25、ridge last winter .去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。(3) He was writing a book those days.那幾天他正在寫一本書3 .過去進行時與頻度副詞always forever, continually , constantly等連用時表示過去經(jīng)常反復的動作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚或喜愛等情緒。(1) My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨) He was always helping others.( 表示贊揚)4 .過去進行時表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作?，F(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來的動作，同樣，過去進行時也可以表

26、示從過去某時看來將要發(fā) 生的動作，常用在間接引語中。 Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning. 上周五Lucy到達北京，但第二天早晨就要動身去香港了。She asked him if he was coming back for lunch.她問他午飯是否準備回來吃。5、過去進行時和一般過去時的區(qū)別。(1)過去進行時表示 回去某時正在進行的動作而一般過去時則表示一個|完成的動作|。也 就是說用一般過去時，只表示有過這件事；用過去進行時,則強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性。I

27、wrote a letter this morning.今天上午我寫了一封信。(信寫完了)I was writing a letter this morning.今天上午我在寫一封信。(信不一定寫完)The children watched TV yesterday evening.昨天晚上孩子們看了電視。(強調(diào)過去發(fā)生了這件事)The children were watching TV yesterday evening. 昨晚孩子們都在看電視。(強調(diào)昨晚看電視這一動 作的持續(xù)性)(2)表示過去的狀態(tài)、感覺及心理活動的靜態(tài)動詞(如be, like , love, hate, fear, ow

28、n, hear, see,know , want, notice)可用于一般過去時，但通常不用于進行時。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.我討厭人們說話時口 里含著食物。(3) 一般過去時與 always , constantly, forever, continually等連用，表示“過去經(jīng)常性、 習慣性的動作“；而過去進行時與 always, constantly , forever, continually等連用，表示 動作的重復，常帶有感*彩。如：He always got up at six. 他過去總

29、是六點起床。He was always thinking of his work. 他總是一心想到工作。(4)有時過去進行時可以用來替換一般過去時，但一般過去時表示主語的行為是經(jīng)過認真考慮的；而過去進行時表示一種較隨便或沒有進行仔細考慮的行為。如：I thought that he would agree with us.我原以為它會同意我們的。I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice.我想到 了要說服他接受我們的建議6.使用過去進行時應(yīng)注意的幾點(1)動詞hope, wonder等的過去進行時常用來表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)

30、容，但語氣比一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時要委婉。如：I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否過來跟我們起活動？7下面幾種情況不用一般過去時而要用過去進行時：（1） .表示過去某一階段暫時性的習慣動作時。如：Tom was getting up at six o clock every day that week. 湯姆那周里每天者B是六點鐘起床。（2） .與always連用表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩時。如：John was always coming to school late. 約翰上學總是遲至U。Lei Feng was a

31、lways doing good deeds for the people. 雷鋒總是為人民做好事。（3）用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時。如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是個漆黑的夜晚， 風舌U得 很厲害，雨下得很大，一個解放軍戰(zhàn)士突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上，他想過河去。（4） when作并列連詞，表示“（這時）突然”之意時，

32、第一個并列分句用過去進行時，when引導的并列分句用一般過去時。如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇見了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我們正在夕卜邊玩，這時下起雨來了。go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞可用過去進行時表示過去將來的含義。如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武漢。She was coming later.她隨后就來。8過去進行時表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣 （只限于want, hope, won

33、der等動詞）,用以提出請求。如:I was wondering if you could help me.I was hoping you could send me home.、when, while 的用法when和while與過去進行時有著密切的關(guān)系，他們作從屬連詞時都有 “當.時候”之意,用法稍有不同： when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是短暫性動詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動詞,而while引導的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性動詞。 when引導的從句謂語動詞如果是短暫性動詞則用一般過去時，主句是延續(xù)性動詞則用過去進行時，從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作的時間段之內(nèi)（長動作用過去進行時，短

34、動作用一般過去時）；如果主句和從句兩個謂語動詞都是延續(xù)性動詞則全部用過 去進彳亍時，這時 when 和 while者B可以用。 when 從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發(fā)生；while 和 as從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發(fā)生。 when 和 while 兩個詞還可以用作并列連詞，但意思不同，when 相當于“在那時”，等于 atthattime 或just then;而 while 則相當于“而；去火 但是“ ；相當于 but,表示對比關(guān)系。（這一點暫時可以不掌握）my father got home.eg. (1) I was playing computer

35、games when=When my father got home,I was playing computer games.(2) Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework.=When/While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking過去進行時鞏固練習：（聰明的你一定能全部做對）1. Simon(make) a model plane 也 8:00 a.m.2. Peter(do) his homework at seven last night.3. They(watch)

36、 a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.4. He(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.5. What book you(read) when I(see)you at four yesterdayafternoon?6. While she(watch) TV , her son(play) outside the room.7. It(begin) to rain while we(work) in the field.8. I(do) my homework last

37、 nightwhen| the light(go) out. go out 意為熄滅9. I saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing?Oh, I(read) some books on science.10. Girls(dance) while boys(sing) at the party.11. - Did you see Tim just now?-Yes. He(fish) by the river.12. When |the teacher(come) into the classroom,

38、the students (laugh) loudly.5 一般將來時一、意義：表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或重復發(fā)生的動作。時間標志： tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二.構(gòu)成及變化：一般將來時常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)be going to+動詞原形：表示打算、準備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。shall/will+動詞原形：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況，沒有太多的計劃性，還用來表示意愿be going to +動詞原形肯定句 主

39、語+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +動詞原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐準備明年學英語。否定句 主語+be(am / is / are)not going to +動詞原形 +其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去看電影。一般疑問句Be (am / is / are)+主語+going to+動詞原型+其它成份？Is your father going to play basketball with you ? 你父親

40、打算和你去打籃球嗎？No , he isn t.不。.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+一般疑問句？Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.?春節(jié)你打算在哪過 ？.注意：be going to結(jié)構(gòu)后面習慣上不跟go , come等表位移的動詞，一般用該動詞的進行時形式表示。如：He s going to New York next week.下周他要去紐約.will /shall +動詞原形(在書面語中，主語是第一人稱時，常用 shall，在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will)1 .肯定句 主語+will/shall+動詞原形+其它成份(shall)

41、 write to him next week.下周我將給他寫信。2 .否定句 主語+ will /shall+ not +動詞原形 +其它成份They won t watch TV this evening.今天晚上他們不看電視。3 .一般疑問句will/shall+主語+動詞原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ?明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎？4 .特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-) + 一般疑問句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么時侯回來 ？三、附:Shall I /we常用來征求對方意見，而問對方是否愿

42、意，或者表示客氣的邀請，常用Will you？他們的回答比較靈活。1.Shall we go to the park ?肯定 Sure , let s go .否定 No , let s go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?肯定 Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 I m sorry. I m afraid I can t.四、時間標志：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this aftern

43、oon ,this evening 1） shall 用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2） be going to +不定式，表示將來。a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month 。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look

44、 at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3） be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意： be about to 不能與 tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。5） be going to / will用于條件句時，be going to 表將來will 表意愿If you are

45、going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror6） be to 和 be going tobe to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.（客觀安排）Im going to play

46、 football tomorrow afternoon. （ 主觀安排）.7 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來1）下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell.

47、= The bell is ringing.3）在時間或條件句中。When Bill comes （ 不是 will come）, ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4） 在動詞 hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.8用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來意為：意圖、打

48、算、安排、常用于人。常用詞為come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?6.過去將來時1 .概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。2 .時間狀語： the next day（morning, year）,the following month（week ） ,etc.3 .基本結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were/going to + do ； would/should + do.4 .否定形式： was/were/not + going to

49、 + do;would/should + not + do.5 .一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6 .例句： He said he would go to Beijing the（1）過去將來時由“助動詞would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。 would?？s略為do（2）過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示過去的某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用在賓語從句中。如：I didnt know if she would come 。I wasnt sure whether he would do it 。Wang Lei said that she w

50、ould visit her uncle next Saturday 。過去將來時也可以用“was（were） going to +動詞原形”來表示。如：I didnt know if she was going to come 。Wang Lei said that she was going to visither uncle next Saterday。7現(xiàn)在完成時用法1:表示：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標志，: already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2:表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。標志，: for,

51、since, since ago基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞 have/has +動詞的過去分詞（當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用has淇余人稱用have）1）肯定式：主語 + have / has +過去分詞2）否定式：主語 + have / has + not +過去分詞3）一般疑問句：Have / Has +主語+過去分詞Yes,主語 + have/has.（肯定） No,主語 + havent/hasnt.（否定）4）特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞例句1.過去某時發(fā)生的動作到目前為止這個動作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。如：1）I have finished my homework.我做完

52、家庭作業(yè)了。（過去某時開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成 ）2）He has already come他已經(jīng)來了。（過去某時開始離開某地到這來，現(xiàn)在已在這。）2 .表示動作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：1）I have studied English for six years.我已經(jīng)學了 六年英語了。（六年前開始學英語，一直學到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)學也可能就此不學了。）2）I have lived in Shenyang since 1990.我從 1990 年就在沈陽住。（從1990年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。）注意1）當表示一段時間，現(xiàn)在完成時可以用for或since引導的狀語。

53、例如：I ve known Li Li for 4 years.我認識麗麗已經(jīng) 4年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago.自從 8 年前我就在這工作。注意2）當在肯定陳述句中含有already或just時，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時，要把句中的already或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如： I have already seen the film. I haven t seen the film yet.He has just come. He hasn t come yet?使用時注意事項1 .“ have/ has got ” 形式上是一種完成時，

54、但和have/ has 為同一意思“有”。如： Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn t.他有許多工作要做嗎?不，他沒有。2 . have/has gone to 、 have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的區(qū)別have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時間連用如： He

55、 has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過沈陽。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽10 年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎?3 . have/ has been to 常和 once, twice, never, ever 連用；have/ has gone to 貝U不可。例如：一 Has Tom ever been to Paris?湯姆去過巴黎嗎？Yes, he s been there several times.是的， 他去過好幾次了。Where have they g

56、one?他們?nèi)ツ睦锪??They ve gone to Shenyang.他們?nèi)ド蜿柫恕? .非延續(xù)性動詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時+ 表示一段時間的狀語”的句型中。這類動詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop 等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動詞。例如： arrive, come f be here, be in buy f have begin, start - be on ; die - be deadfinish, end f be over go out f be outjoin f be inborrowfkeep finish/end