英語常用介詞(共7頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上（一）表示時間的介詞：1at, on, in(1) at表示“在某一時刻、某一時點”at 5:30 在5:30 at sunrise 日出時 at lunch 午飯時at noon 正午時 at night 夜間I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6:00起床。表示“在歲”時用at the age of。如：at the age of five.在五歲時。(2) on表示“在具體某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：on Monday在星期一 on April 1st在四月一日I heard a shot on the morning of Marc

2、h 18.三月十八日早晨我聽到一聲槍響。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜間時用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night；但若指具體某一天的上述時段時，則一律用on。如：On the afternoon of May 23.在五月二十三日下午。(3) in表示“在某月、季節(jié)、年、世紀”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。in September 在九月 in winter 在冬季in 1999 在1999年 in the 20th century在20世紀in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上2for, during, thr

3、ough(1) for表示“一段時間”，后接與數(shù)詞連用的時間名詞。多與完成時連用。Ive been a soldier for 5 years.我入伍已5年了。She has been ill for several days. 她已經病了幾天了。表示“持續(xù)一段時間”時，for后面必須跟“數(shù)字+時間名詞”，而during后決不可接數(shù)字。(2) during表示“在期間”He visited many nice places during his stay here.在他逗留期間他參觀了許多美麗的地方。What did you do during the summer vacation? 你在暑

4、假做了什么？(3) through表示“一直，自始至終”They worked hard through the winter.整個冬天他們都在努力工作。She treated me like her brother through these years. 這些年來她始終把我當哥哥對待。 3from, since(1) from表示“等時間的起點”，作“從”解，多用于“fromto/till”中。You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什幺時間來都行。The exam will start from 9:00am. 考試將從上午九點開

5、始。from“從（開始）”未必持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，如：from 1995 to 1998.從1995年到1998年。而since是指“自從以來一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”since一般只與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，而from不受此限。(2) since表示“自從以來（直到現(xiàn)在）”He has been away from home since 1973.他自從1973年就離開了家鄉(xiāng)。We have known each other since ten years ago.我們十年前就認識了。for與since表示一段時間，但for與時間段連用，而since與時間點連用。如for two hours（持續(xù)）兩小時；since

6、 last week自從上周直到現(xiàn)在4before, by, till, until(1) before指“在之前”Please come before ten oclock.請10點以前來。The meeting will end after 3:00pm.會議將在下午三點后結束。表示“在以前”時，before與by基本可通用。但by還有“截至為止”之意，此時可與完成時連用，而before一般不與完成時連用。如：How many models have you made by the end of last month?截至上月底你做了多少個模型？(2) by指“不遲于，到時為止，在以前”I

7、 must finish my homework by lunch.午飯前我必須做完作業(yè)。We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.到上學期末為止，我們已經學了1000多個單詞了。(3) tell (until) “直到為止”You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必須一直等到他明天。He didnt come back until twelve oclock last night.他昨晚下到12點才回來。在肯定句中，till (until)必須與延續(xù)動詞連用。若與點動詞連用，till (un

8、til)只能用于否定句中。5after, in, withinafter表示“在之后”，是before的反義詞。Well hold a party after dinner.晚餐后我們將舉辦晚會。He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌癥，一年后去世了。Ill phone you after 1 arrive.到達后我給你打電話。（after作連詞）within“在時間之內”I can finish it with an hour.我不需一小時就可把它做完。比 較 after與inafter后可跟時間段，也可跟時間點，如after school（放學

9、后），而in后必須跟一段時間，如in an hour（一小時后）。after既可用于將來時，也可用于過去時，而in只能用于將來時。after既可作介詞，又可作連詞，而in只能作介詞in“在時間之后”Ill arrive in an hour.我一小時后到達。in與within后都必須跟時間段。（二）表示“地點、方向”的介詞：1in outside between, amongin表示“在里面”，如：Whats in the box? 盒子里是什么？She put her book in the desk. 她把書放進了書桌。outside指“在外面”There are many people

10、outside the room.房間外有很多人。What did your see outside the hall? 你在大廳外看見了什么？between在之間（指二者）There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office.在賓館與郵局之間有所醫(yī)院。The building stands between the park and the small river. 那棟建筑位于公園和小河之間。 between是指“在兩者之間”，而among指“在多個之間”。among在之間（指三者以上）“There is a thief amon

11、g you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd.警察向人群喊道：“你們中間有個小偷！”He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。2on, above, over, below, under(1) on在上面，表面相互接觸。There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一個蘋果。On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山頂有一面旗子。(2) above只表示“在上方或位置高出”，與below相對。A plane flew above ou

12、r heads.一架飛機從我們頭上飛過。The Turners live above us. 特納一家人住在我們的上面。(3) over“在正上方”，與under相對。There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座橋。The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那張圖掛在黑板的正上方。(4) below在下方，低于There are many flowers below the window.窗下有很多花。Her skirt reaches just below her knees.她的裙子剛到膝蓋下。(5) under

13、在正下方They sat under a big tree, drinking.他們坐在一棵大樹下喝酒。What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么？3near, by, beside(1) near在附近，與far相對A hospital was built near the railway station.在火車站附近建了一所醫(yī)院。My hone is near he school. 我的家離學校很近。(2) by = beside,靠近，在旁邊，比near距離更近 He just sat by/ beside me in the cine

14、ma.在電影院他就坐在我旁邊。He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。4in front of, behind, around(1) in front of在前面A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一條河They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他們在門前放了一束花。 in the front of表示“在前部”，指里面。There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房間前半部有把紅椅子。(2) beh

15、ind在后面A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高層建筑。The cat lies behind the door. 貓?zhí)稍陂T后面。(3) around在周圍，圍繞There are many trees around the villege.村子周圍有很多樹圍繞。There are flowers around the stage. 舞臺周圍擺著鮮花。5from, to, for, into, out of(1) from從The train started from Paris.火車發(fā)自巴黎。She will fly from B

16、eijing to Hongkong. 她將從北京飛往香港。(2) to到（目的地）去，向He went to Germany last year.他去年去了德國。They got to the town very late. 他們很晚才到那個鎮(zhèn)。(3) for向，表目的方向He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。The train for Shanghai has been away. 去往上海的火車已經開走了。towards, to和for都可表示“向”，其區(qū)別如下：towards僅指朝向某個方向，不一定是目的地，而 to和f

17、or都是“向目的地”。for作“向（目的地）”時，常用于固定搭配中，如：leave for; start for(4) into進入Please put the water into the bottle.請把水倒入瓶子里。The teacher came into the classroom with a smile. 老師微笑著走進了教室。(5) out of從出來A beautiful girl in red went out of the shop.一個穿紅衣服的漂亮女孩從商店里走了出來。They pulled him out of the water. 他們把他從水里拉了出來。6al

18、ong, across, through(1) along沿著He likes to drive along the river.他喜歡沿著河開車。There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有著各種美麗的花。(2) across橫穿The little girl is afraid to go across the street.這個小女孩不敢橫穿馬路。Its dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑著穿越繁忙的馬路是很危險的。(3) through穿過It too

19、k us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.開車穿過這條隧道花了我們10分鐘時間。He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他從人群里擠到了站臺。7at, in二者都表示“在某個地方”，但at多指較小的地方，如車站、家等，而in多指在“大地方”，如城市、國家、大洲等。（但大小有時也是相對的）。He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27號。The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:

20、00. 飛機將于13點到達北京。三、其它用途的介詞：1 表示“標準或單位”的介詞：at, for, by(1) at表示“以速度”“以價格”He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小時8英里的速度行駛。I sold my car at a high price.我以高價出售了我的汽車。(2) for用交換I bought it for 20 dollars.買它花了我20美元。How much for these apples? 這些蘋果多少錢？at與for都表示價格，但at表示“單價”,for表示總價,at后一般跟“price”這個詞，而for后

21、只能跟總錢數(shù)。如：I bought it at a low price.我買它的價格很低。I bought it at the price of $80 a pound.我以每磅80美元的價格買的它。I sold it for $10.我10美元把它賣掉了。(3) by以計，后跟度量單位Gold is sold by the gram.金以克出售。They paid him by the month.他們按月給他計酬。2表示“材料”的介詞：of, from, in(1) of表示從成品仍可看出原料。This box is made of paper.這個盒子是紙做的。This salad is

22、 made of apples and strwberres. 這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的。(2) from表示從成品已看不出原料。Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麥做的。The lifeboat is made from some special material. 這個救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。(3) in用材料。 常用write, speak, talk, answer等連用。Please fill in the form in pencil first.請先用鉛筆填寫這個表格。They talk in English.他們用英語交談。in指材料時，材料前不

23、用冠詞。比較：用鉛筆畫 3表示“工具或手段”的介詞：by, with, on(1) by憑借“工具或手段（多用于交通工具）如： by bus乘公共汽車，by plane乘飛機He usually goes to work by bike.他通常騎車去上班。He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通過電子郵件發(fā)給了我這一消息。表示搭乘交通工具時，既可用by，又可用in，區(qū)別在于用by時，表示交通工具的名詞前不能加冠詞，而用in時名詞前必須加冠詞。(2) with用工具He broke the window with a stone.他用石頭把玻He stopped t

24、he ball with his right foot.他用腳把球停住。with表示“用工具”時，工具前必須加冠詞或物主代詞。(3) on以方式。多用于固定詞組。They talked on the telephone.他們通過電話進行交談。She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通過收音機/電視學英語。4表示“關于”的介詞：of, about, on(1) of僅指“關于”人或事物的存在，如：He spoke of the film the other day.他前幾天提到了這部影片。He thought of this matter yesterday

25、.他昨天想到了這件事。He thought about this matter yesterday.他昨天考慮了這件事。(2) about指“關于”某人或某事物的較詳細的情況。Its a book for children about Africa and its people.它是一本供兒童閱讀的關于非洲和非洲人的書。Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告訴我一些關于你自己的事情嗎？(3) on是指“關于”學術性的或嚴肅的，供專門研究用的。Its a textbook on the history of China.它是一本有關中國歷史的教

26、科書。5表示“原因、理由”的介詞：for, at, from, of, with(1) for表示“一般的理由”常與famous, punish等詞連用。Xian is famous for its long history.西安因歷史悠久而著名。The city is well known for her large population. 這座城市以人口眾多而知名。(2) at一般指“情感”的原因，通常放在表示“驚訝或喜悅等感情”的動詞或形容詞之后，表示“因聽到或看到而”。She got angry at his words.她因為他的話生氣了。He was surprised at th

27、e news.聽到這消息他大吃一驚。(3) from表示“外在的原因”。如受傷、車禍等。He died from the wound.他因受傷而致死。Her son was badly hurt in a traffic accident. 她兒子在一次車禍中嚴重受傷。(4) of表示“內在的原因”，如病、餓等到。He died of cancer.他死于癌癥。The old man died of hunger.老人死于饑餓。(5) with表示“由外在影響到肉體或心理”的原因。He shook with cold.他因寒冷而發(fā)抖。He shouted loudly with anger.

28、他氣得大喊大叫。6like, as(1) like像一樣（其實不是）The little tiger looks like a cat.這只小老虎看起來像只貓。The mooncakes are like the moon. 月餅像月亮。(2) as作為，以身份（其實是）He was hanged as a spy.他被作為間諜絞死了。He talk to me as a father.他以父親的身份跟我談話。7against, foragainst反對，與for是反義詞，如：Are you for my idea or against it? 你贊同還是反對我的想法？They fought against the enemy. 他們抗擊敵人。8besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。He is interested in tennis besides（as well