石春禎英語(yǔ)閱讀理解220篇(原文加答案20篇)

1、It never rains but it pours.Text 1-1Not all of the potential solutions to climate change are futuristic, expensive or exotic. In fact, most Americans can find one of the most significant carbon-reducing innovations of the last 30 years standing in their kitchens, keeping the butter hard.Refrigerator

2、s sold in the United States have grown 5% more energy efficient every year since 1975. Today they save 200 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity a year compared to what theyd use if they were still built to 30-year-old standards, or about a third of the annual output of all the nations nuclear plant

3、s. Upgraded fridges have lowered electricity bills for consumers and avoided millions of tons of carbon that would otherwise have been emitted by power plants. Heating and air-conditioning systems also have grown more efficient, and fluorescent light bulbs are a big step ahead of power-hungry incand

4、escents.Critics of government efforts to fend off global warming often complain that the economic costs arent worth the gains-better to adapt later to a warmer planet than suffer now by turning down the thermostat. This argument relies on a lot of dubious assumptions, starting with the notion that q

5、uality of life wont be significantly reduced in a world plagued by drought, wildfires, increased disease and famine, more powerful storms, mass species extinction and higher sea levels. It also assumes that the cost of cleaning up after all that will be less than the cost of preventing it from happe

6、ning.Nicholas Stern, former chief economist with the World Bank, estimates that failing to invest in cutting carbon would eventually cost up to 20% in lost income worldwide. The final report from the U.N.s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change pointed out adapting to global warming is a necessit

7、y because its too late to stop the process, but that doesnt reduce the need to head off the worst effects.Global-warming deniers are right about one thing: Phasing out fossil fuels will be expensive. But the most effective way of doing so not only doesnt add costs, it saves money and boosts economie

8、s. Energy efficiency is the fastest, safest and cheapest method currently available for cutting carbon emission. Its also one of the least understood, because it involves a lot more than adding insulation to buildings or installing power-sipping air conditioners. To make really hefty efficiency gain

9、s, the U.S. must follow Californias lead in restructuring incentives of utilities, and regulatory agencies should do much more to encourage important innovations such as cogeneration plants.1. By citing the example of fluorescent light bulls, the author intends to show that_. A. they are more energy

10、 efficient than incandescent. B. they are one of the best innovations we ever know C. solutions to climate change are not necessarily unusual D. many measures have been taken to fight global warming2. The author points out that refrigerators _. A. have become more and more advanced B. consume less p

11、ower than ever before C. are responsible for global warming D. initiate carbon-reducing campaign3. some people criticize government for the efforts to diminish global warming, for they believe that _. A. its better for people to live in a warmer world B. its more cost-efficient to clean up the world

12、 later C. the quality of life will become higher in the future D. people can adapt to whatever change they may face4. The author argues that _. A. its too late to stop the process of global warming B. the investment in cutting carbon boosts economies C. its obviously a necessity to adapt to global w

13、arming D. the worst effects of global warming can be alleviated5. The author suggests that currently we should _ to cut carbon emissions. A. improve energy efficiency B. develop cogeneration plants C. reduce the use of fossil fuels D. invest in new forms of energyText 1-2Our understanding of the Emo

14、tional System today is still in the Dark Ages. This has its analogy to the time when peoples understanding of our Solar System was based upon the belief that the Sun revolved around the Earth, as it certainly appeared that way-however, just the reverse was true. The problem was, as long as we believ

15、ed the Sun went around the Earth, we were limited as to how far we could go in the Solar System.We find the same condition existing today in regard to the Emotional System. Society believes that our emotional feelings are a result of our experiences in our environment. In essence: something happened

16、 and it made me feel the way I do. This belief, though it is certainly the way it appears, is just the reverse of it really works.What happens to us as we embrace an emotional feeling is that it is first received by our brain, which converts it into electrical energy that flows through our body by m

17、eans of the central nervous system. We can often “feel the charge” in our body associated with the experience of emotions. When this occurs an electromagnetic field is generated around our body which attracts to us another person who has an identical electromagnetic field around their body and the s

18、ame emotional feeling in their heart.We have not been able to make much progress in the emotional area. Lets face it, although this age reflects great advancements in technology, the feelings in the hearts of men and women are still plagued by darkness.Believing that something or someone made us fee

19、l the way we do gives rise to the concept of victimization. To see self as a victim places the responsibility for our feelings on someone or something other than self. The real problem with this view is that if we are not responsible for having created our feelings, we are also unable to change thos

20、e feelings and create new and different ones.This dilemma we face creates quite a struggle in life. Although we may externally struggle with different circumstances and situations, the emotional feelings associated with them are always the same-frustration, resentment, anger, etc. It is as if we hav

21、e fallen into quicksand, gotten stuck, and the only way we know to extricate ourselves is to struggle. What we find is that the more we struggle to get out, the deeper in we sink.To state a simple rule: there is an inverse relationship between struggling with a problem and understanding the problem.

22、 Understanding how the emotional system really works allows the resolution of problems without struggle. This understanding is the key to unlocking the emotional doorway to enter into the Kingdom of Heavenly Feelings within us.1. By referring to the solar system, the author intends to show _. A. The

23、 evolution of the Emotional System B. the mechanism of the Emotional System C. the analogy between Solar System and Emotional System D. the analogy between Solar System and Emotional System2. It is widely believed that our emotional feelings _. A. result from our experiences in the environment B. ju

24、stify our struggle with the adverse environment C. plague us more than anything else in the environment D. are shared by people with an identical electromagnetic field 3. The author argues that _. A. the environment generates our feelings B. everyone is responsible for his own feelings C. one should

25、nt be blamed for his resentment or anger D. ones feelings are created by something or someone else4. In the authors opinion, the concept of victimization in the emotional area _. A. should be justified B. should be embraced C. should be recognized D. should be gotten rid of 5. It can be inferred fro

26、m the text that the effective way to get rid of unhealthy feelings is to understand _. A. how to get out of the quicksand with ease B. how our emotional feelings are brought about C. the relationship between feelings and adversity D. the essence of the Kingdom of Heavenly FeelingsText 1-3Two years a

27、go, a Danish environmentalist called Bjorn Lomborg had an idea. We all want to make the world a better place but, given finite resources, we should look for the most cost-effective ways of doing so. He persuaded a bunch of economists, including three Nobel laureates, to draw up a list of priorities.

28、 They found that efforts to fight malnutrition and disease would save many lives at modest expense, whereas fighting global warming would cost a colossal amount and yield distant and uncertain rewards.That conclusion upset a lot of environmentalists. This week, another man who upsets a lot of people

29、 embraced it. John Bolton, Americas ambassador to the United Nations, said that Mr. Lomborgs “Copenhagen consensus” provided a useful way for the world body to get its priorities straight. Too often at the UN, said Mr. Bolton, “everything is a priority.” The secretary-general is charged with carryin

30、g out 9,000 mandates, he said, and when you have 9,000 priorities you have none.So, over the weekend, Mr. Bolton sat down with UN diplomats from seven other countries to rank 40 ways of tackling ten global crises. The problems addressed were climate change, communicable diseases, war, education, fin

31、ancial instability, governance, malnutrition, migration, clean water and trade barriers.Given a notional $50 billion, how would the ambassadors spend it to make the world a better place? Their conclusions were strikingly similar to the Copenhagen Consensus. After hearing presentations from experts o

32、n each problem, they drew up a list of priorities. The top four were basic health care, better water and sanitation, more schools and better nutrition fro children. Averting climate change came last.The ambassadors thought it wiser to spend money on things they knew would work. Promoting breast-feed

33、ing, for example, costs very little and is proven to save lives. It also helps infants grow up stronger and more intelligent, which means they will earn more as adults. Vitamin A supplements cost as little as $1, save lives and stop people from going blind. And so on.For climate change, the trouble

34、is that though few dispute that it is occurring, no one knows how severe it will be or what damage it will cause. And the proposed solutions are staggeringly expensive. Mr. Lomborg reckons that the benefits of implementing the Kyoto protocol would probably outweigh the costs, but not until 2100. Thi

35、s calculation will not please Al Gore. Nipped at the post by George Bush is the most urgent moral challenge facing mankind.1. According to some economists, fighting global warming _. A. is of little help to make the world a better place B. is as favorable as fighting malnutrition and disease C. is n

36、ot the first priority for us to make the world better D. is one of the priorities for us to make the world better2. By saying “everything is a priority”, John Bolton means that _. A. it is reasonable to think of fighting global warming as a priority B. if you thought that way, there would be no prio

37、rity at all C. it is a useful way for the UN to get its priorities straight D. every mandate to be carried out is actually a priority 3. According to some UN diplomats, _. A. fighting global warming is worth spending a huge amount of money on B. promoting breast-feeding is more urgent than fighting

38、global warming C. averting climate change should be excluded from the list of priorites D. there are at least 40 effective ways to tackle the top ten global crises4. According to the text, Mr. Lomborg _. A. doubts whether climate change is occurring B. proposes an ideal solution for climate change C

39、. knows clearly how severe the future climate change will be D. questions the immediate benefits of averting climate change5. It seems that the UN _. A. still takes averting climate change as a priority B. fails to realize many inconvenient truths in the world C. has its crucial policies challenged

40、by many member countries D. is trying to tackle all the global crises to make the world betterText 1-4When IBM announced an overhaul of its pension plan for employees in America last week, it joined a parade of employers that are shifting more responsibility for saving for retirement on to workers.

41、For many Americans, of course, this is nothing new: millions of them have been managing their retirement assets in individual accounts for years. Nevertheless, in both America and Britain the closure of paternalistic corporate “defined benefit” programmes, in which pensions depend on earnings and ye

42、ars of service, is acceleratingeven at healthy companies such as IBM.To the extent that this creates and encourages individual choice and responsibility, it is something to welcome rather than to fear. Many other countries, facing huge state-pension obligations, would also like to see their citizens

43、 assume a bigger role in providing for their own retirement. Even so, the trend raises an important question: how much do people due to take on these new responsibilities know about basic financial concepts?The answer seems to be: not much, and less than they think they do. Studies show that many pe

44、ople overestimate their knowledge of everything from inflation to risk diversification and compound interest. One survey in Australia found that 37%of people who owned investments did not know that they could fluctuate in value. In America 31% did not know that the finance charge on a credit-card st

45、atement is what they pay to use credit. Britains Financial Services Authority will release the results of its own survey on financial literacy l in the next month or two.Even educated professionals may know the basics but see no need to keep up to datehaving no idea of the interest rates on their cr

46、edit cards, the fees on their mutual funds or how their investments are doing. But in both America and Britain low personal saving rates (negative in America, indeed) and record numbers of personal bankruptcies do not bode well. If people are to take charge of their pensions, shouldnt they know a li

47、ttle more?In the end, ignorance cold rebound on governments: if people save too little for old age, the state may have to provide for them willy-nilly. |”Governments are taking this very seriously,” says Barbara Smith of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which recently prod

48、uced a report on global financial literacy. Just this week the British government launched an online debt calculator for overstretched consumers and a money-management course for teenagers that will be offered in schools across the country later this year. New Zealand is another country trying to ca

49、tch its people young: one official financial-information website there (www.sorted. org.nz) includes an online game on “Money Island”.1. It is informed in the test that _. A. IBM cannot help but overhaul its pension plan B. IBM takes much responsibility for saving for retirement C. workers will assu

50、me more financial responsibility for their old age D. most Americans have taken on responsibility for saving for retirement2. Corporate “defined benefit” programmes will come to an end primarily because _. A. most companies are not so healthy as IBM B. it can help companies relieve their pension obl

51、igations C. millions of Americans have opened their individual accounts for years3. If one is to assume more financial responsibility, he should have more knowledge about _. A. risk diversification B. basic financial concepts C. how much he pas to use credit D. the fluctuation in value of his invest

52、ment4. It can be inferred from the text that _. A. even professionals are short of financial information B. personal saving rates will no doubt increase remarkably C. professionals are usually better prepared for their retirement D. there will be less personal bankruptcies in both America and Britai

53、n5. The main idea of this text is that _. A. most people are very ignorant about investment B. individuals should have more choices and responsibility C. individuals should be better prepared for their retirement D. government should provide official financial-informationText 1-5【英澤漢】When one uses t

54、he scientific method to study or investigate nature or the universe, one is practicing scientific thinking. All scientists practice scientific thinking, of course, since they are actively studying nature and investigating the universe by using scientific method. But scientific thinking is not reserv

55、ed solely for scientists. (1)Anyone can “think like a scientist” who learns the scientific method and, most importantly, applies its precepts, whether he or she is investigating nature or not. (2)When one uses the investigating societies or governments, seeking solutions to problems of economics or

56、philosophy, or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence-one is said to be practicing critical thinking. Critical thinking is thinking correctly for oneself that successfully leads to the most reliable answers to questions and solutions to problems. In other

57、words, critical thinking gives you reliable knowledge about all aspects of your life and society, and is not restricted to the formal study of nature.Some professionals in the humanities, social sciences, jurisprudence, business, and journalism practice critical thinking as well as any scientist, bu

58、t many, alas, do not. (3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful, but the qualifications for success in other professions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinking, a fact that is the source of much confusion, discord, and unhappiness in our society.The scientific method has proven