高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總（課堂PPT）

1、 英語(yǔ)詞類英語(yǔ)詞類 句型轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 某些動(dòng)詞的固定用法某些動(dòng)詞的固定用法 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞 分詞分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 倒裝句倒裝句 主謂一致主謂一致 從句講法一從句講法一 從句講法二從句講法二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 省略句省略句 補(bǔ)充補(bǔ)充主謂一致指導(dǎo)原則:1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則(主,謂語(yǔ)在單,復(fù)數(shù)上的一致)2. 意義一致原則(謂語(yǔ)取決于主語(yǔ)的單,復(fù)數(shù)意義)3. 就近原則(謂語(yǔ)決定于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)n.的單,復(fù)數(shù)形式)語(yǔ)法一致原則:Eg: Many girls want to buy.

2、Every girl wants to buy.意義一致原則:1可單可復(fù)可單可復(fù)1.1 集合名詞集合名詞:family, crew, people, staff, all, etc.用作整體用作整體,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);用作個(gè)體用作個(gè)體,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù).Eg: My family poor. My family kindly to others.1.2 glasses, trousers, shorts(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)),如果之前無(wú)單位詞而如果之前無(wú)單位詞而單獨(dú)使用單獨(dú)使用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);否則用單數(shù)否則用單數(shù).Eg: My trousers black. One pair o

3、f scissors not enough.1.3 the number of 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); a number of謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù).isareisare1.4 關(guān)系分句中的主謂一致問題關(guān)系分句中的主謂一致問題1)在在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 關(guān)系分句關(guān)系分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中,分句的謂語(yǔ)分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù).Eg. Im one of those people who very happy now.2)如果此結(jié)構(gòu)前有如果此結(jié)構(gòu)前有“the”或或“the only”等限定詞或強(qiáng)調(diào)詞等限定詞或強(qiáng)調(diào)詞時(shí)時(shí),關(guān)系分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式依關(guān)系分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式依on

4、e而定而定,用單數(shù)用單數(shù).Eg. He is the only one of those boys who willing to help the little girl.1.5 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + as mush as /rather than /more than /no less than, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式視主語(yǔ)本身單復(fù)數(shù)而定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式視主語(yǔ)本身單復(fù)數(shù)而定.(考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn):通常該主語(yǔ)是通常該主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱, 所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))Eg. His brother rather than his parents to blame.My husband, ,more than a

5、nyone else in the family, anxious to go there again.areisisis1.6 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + as well as /in addition to /with /along with /together with /execpt, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式隨主語(yǔ)本身而定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式隨主語(yǔ)本身而定.(考考點(diǎn)點(diǎn):通常主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱通常主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱, 所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))Eg. The father, as well as his son, going to travel.2. 單數(shù)單數(shù)2.1 以以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱后結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱后,謂

6、語(yǔ)用作單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用作單數(shù).諸如諸如:physics(物理學(xué)物理學(xué)); mathematics(數(shù)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)); mechanics(機(jī)械學(xué)機(jī)械學(xué)); politics(政治學(xué)政治學(xué))等等.2.2 固定名詞固定名詞the United States, the United Nations 等做主等做主語(yǔ)語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).is2.3 Many a + 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞,隨后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)隨后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); more than one (語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致原則),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Eg. Many a student that mistake before.A had

7、made B has been madeC have made D has made2.4 數(shù)量詞數(shù)量詞(表距離表距離,金額金額,重量重量,時(shí)間等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)間等復(fù)數(shù)名詞),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)用單數(shù).Eg. Six months is too short a time for me. Twenty miles is a long way to cover.2.5 名詞性分句做主語(yǔ)名詞性分句做主語(yǔ),(what, who, why, how,whether等引等引導(dǎo)的導(dǎo)的), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Eg. What caused the accident is a complete me

8、stery.2.6 不定式和動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)不定式和動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).D就近原則就近原則3.1 遇到遇到or, nor, eitheror, neither nor, not only but also等等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用“就近原則就近原則”.Eg. Either my father or my brothers coming. Either my brothers or my father coming.3.2 there be 的存在句型中的存在句型中,主謂一致采用主謂一致采用“就近原則就近原則”Eg. There three apples and one

9、orange on the desk. There one orange and three apples on the desk.isareareis定語(yǔ)從句(限定性定從&非限定性定從)1)限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,定語(yǔ)從句和它的先行詞所指意義之間的聯(lián)系不可分割,若少了它,則不能表達(dá)所需的確切含義.Eg. Success belongs to those students who work hard at ordinary times.2)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句和它的先行詞之間的聯(lián)系則較松散,只是對(duì)先行詞提供一些補(bǔ)充說明.因此,若省去該從句,不至于影響先行詞所指的主要意義.它和主句之間常用逗號(hào)分開

10、,引導(dǎo)詞不可用that,常用關(guān)系代詞which,who,as以及關(guān)系副詞when和where引導(dǎo).Eg. We will put off the sports meet until next week, when the weather may be better.As has been stated, metals have many good properties.1.帶前置詞的定語(yǔ)從句2.名詞(代詞或數(shù)詞) + of + whom/which表示部分與整體關(guān)系.3.whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.4.只能用that和who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.5.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.6.but引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.7.一種

11、較特殊的定語(yǔ)從句句式.8.同位語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句 (主語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句在主句中起相當(dāng)于名詞的作用,即它們?cè)趶?fù)合句中的功用和名詞相同,分別做主句的主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ).因此這三種從句合稱為名詞性從句.)相同點(diǎn): 1)關(guān)連詞相同 A.主從連詞: that, whether, if在從句中只起連接作用不擔(dān)任成分. B. 連接代詞: what, which, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等在句中既起連接作用同時(shí)又充當(dāng)主,賓,表,定語(yǔ)等成分. C. 連接副詞: when, where,how,why在句中既起連接作用又作狀語(yǔ). 2)三種從句均不能用

12、逗號(hào)與主句分開. 3)名詞性從句一般都用陳述句的語(yǔ)序.1.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句2.表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句3.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句4.狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句1.1主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),主句中的動(dòng)詞多為系動(dòng)詞.經(jīng)常用來引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有主從連詞that(無(wú)詞義),whether(是否),連接代詞what(的東西)以及連接副詞等.1)有代詞what引導(dǎo)的主從表示“的(東西)”其句子結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞加上一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句Eg. What she wants to know is that. 她想知道的是那一點(diǎn).2)有主從連詞,連接副詞引導(dǎo).Eg. Whether we shall have th

13、e meeting remains uncertain.我們是否開會(huì)還不能肯定.How she is still alive is beyond us.她怎么還活著,我們實(shí)在弄不明白.3)有連詞that引導(dǎo)Eg. That the workers managed to do it is a fact.工人做了這項(xiàng)工作是事實(shí).1.2 用代詞it做形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句.通常在主句的動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞的句子中,把主語(yǔ)從句放在句尾,把代詞it(無(wú)具體意義)放在句首,作為形式上的主語(yǔ),避免頭重腳輕.Eg. It remains uncertain whether we shall have the meeti

14、ng.當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“的東西”時(shí)及whatever,whichever等關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般都不用it做形式主語(yǔ).這種形式的主語(yǔ)從句可以用主從連詞that和whether引導(dǎo),也可以用連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo).Eg. It is strange that she didnt come yesterday.1.2.1 it +be + 名詞 + 主語(yǔ)從句Eg. It is a pity ( a fact, an honour, a shame, a good news, a good thing, no wonder, a deplorable不幸的thing, etc.) t

15、hat1.2.2 It +be + 形容詞+ 主語(yǔ)從句.Eg . It is strange (natural, true, fortunate, obvious, impossible, possible, likely, unlikely, funny, surprising, etc. ) that1.2.3 It +be + 過去分詞 + 主語(yǔ)從句Eg. It is reported ( announced, arranged, decided, expected, stressed, etc.) thatIt is not known ( decidedetc.) thatIt mu

16、st be pointed out thatIt has been discussed that1.2.4 It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)從句Eg. It happened ( seems, turned out, occurred to me, suddenly struck me, etc.) that2. 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中做表語(yǔ),位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后.常用來引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有that(有時(shí)可省略),whether,連接副詞where,when,why,how以及連接代詞what,還可以由as if, as though引導(dǎo).2.1 有連接代詞what引導(dǎo).Eg. Thi

17、s is what we want.2.2 由主從連詞that引導(dǎo).Eg. Our teachers idea is that we should do our homework first.2.3 由連接副詞how引導(dǎo).Eg. This is how it happened. 事情是這樣的。2.4 有as if引導(dǎo).Eg. It looks as if it is going to rain. 天好象要下雨似的。2.5 用在“The reason is that”; “ It is because” 或“ This is because”等句型中.Eg. The reason why she

18、 is absent in Beijing is that she went to see her friend. 她暫時(shí)不在北京的原因是她去看朋友了。This is because you neglected his advice.這是因?yàn)槟悴宦犓膭窀?3. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),其位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)相同,同時(shí)也可做介詞, 非限定動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞,分詞)及be+某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ).3.1 有連詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句最為普通(that常被省略)Eg. I think that you are right.此類賓語(yǔ)的用法一般有以下幾種1)可以跟在某些動(dòng)詞后,這類動(dòng)詞有:

19、 see, say, think, insist, wish, deny, expect, agree, believe, decide, declare, explain, hear, feel, imagine, require, mand, etc.2)不可緊跟在某些動(dòng)詞后,這類動(dòng)詞有: let, allow, admire, like, dislike, take, forgive, etc.Eg. I take it that you must understand your mother.我認(rèn)為你要理解你的母親.3)可作介詞expect,in,but的賓語(yǔ),即為: except t

20、hat除了; in that因?yàn)?在于; but that要不是,只是Eg. He said nothing except that he was all right. 他除了說他很好以外,別的什么都沒說.4)可做形容詞的賓語(yǔ):be + 形容詞 + that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.Eg. I am sure that she will come.以下形容詞后可跟由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句: afraid, aware, anxious, certain, convinced, surprised, satisfied, proud, sorry, thankful, disappointed, sure

21、, glad, consident, etc.3.2 由連續(xù)代詞what, 主從連詞whether, if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.3.2.1 用在主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后.Eg. I asked him if he would answer my questions.以下的動(dòng)詞或詞組后可跟有what, whether等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句: ask, advise, discover, find out, imagine, inform, inquire, know, show, tell, understand, etc.3.2.2 可用在介詞后Eg. We are never satisfied with wh

22、at we have achieved. 我們不要滿足于已取得的成就Jim was not aware (of) what a mistake he had made. 3.2.3 what 引導(dǎo)的從句可做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).Eg. You may call me what you like.3.3 由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.Eg. I forgot when and where I first met Jane.I can tell you how you can learn swimming quickly.倒裝1.省略了連接詞if的虛擬條件句,且助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞為should,had,were時(shí),

23、將should,had,were提到主語(yǔ)之前.2.用于so + adj/adv. + (that)和such + (n.) + (that)引出的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣.3.用于as引出的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句以及“The more, the more”結(jié)構(gòu).4當(dāng)(and)so, (and)either (表示與上述情況同樣); (and)neither, (and)nor (表示與上述情況同樣不)位于句首時(shí),需將系動(dòng)詞, 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前,構(gòu)成倒裝句.(#要與所有的系動(dòng)詞, 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在形式上和時(shí)態(tài)上一致).注意:如果不是表示“與上述情況同樣或同樣不”,而是表示“句子內(nèi)容的

24、同意或肯定”,則不能用倒裝句.5. 當(dāng)下列表示否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí),句子要倒裝,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣或強(qiáng)調(diào):no, hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, rarely, no longer, not until, no sooner(than), hardly (scarely, barely)when, not onlybut also等或only + 狀語(yǔ)/副詞/介詞詞組.6. 當(dāng)下列表示否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí),句子要倒裝:at no time, in no case, by no means, in no way, on no consideratio

25、n, by no stretch of the imagination, in o wise.7. 當(dāng)句首為here,there,now,then,hence而謂語(yǔ)為be, go, come等趨向動(dòng)詞,且主語(yǔ)是名詞(詞組)而非代詞時(shí),句子要倒裝.8. 疑問句,存在句,感嘆句,祝愿句中的倒裝句式.4.1 概述 動(dòng)詞是用來說明人或事物的行為或狀態(tài)的詞.它和名詞是句子最重要的部分,一般來說,一句子中如果沒有名詞和動(dòng)詞.句子就不能成立.4.2 動(dòng)詞的分類 動(dòng)詞可以分為以下五類: 類別 特點(diǎn) 舉例 及物動(dòng)詞 ( vt. ) 后接賓語(yǔ)Have you finished your paper?不及物動(dòng)詞 (

26、 vi. ) 不接賓語(yǔ)Do you often go there? 系動(dòng)詞 ( link v. ) 后接表語(yǔ)He is my teacher. 助動(dòng)詞 ( aux . V. )后接動(dòng)詞原形或分詞Do you enjoy your work? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( mad . V. ) 后接動(dòng)詞原形Children shouldt be left alone. 有些動(dòng)詞可以和一些別的詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)概念，作用和一個(gè)單獨(dú)的動(dòng)詞差不多。如： Science has brought about (=cause)many changes in our life. 科學(xué)為我們生活帶來很大變化。 Ill hav

27、e to turn down (=refuse) your offer. 我得拒絕你的提議。 其他如： call on = visit care for = like catch on = understand be afraid of = fear come about = happen turn up = appear put off = postpone keep on = continue 這種短語(yǔ)可以稱為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（Phrasal Verbs），短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要有下面這些類型：構(gòu)成方式 舉 例動(dòng)詞+副詞look up查（字典中的字）give in 讓步break out 爆發(fā) carry

28、out 完成 動(dòng)詞+介詞turn against 反對(duì) look for 尋找 take for 把當(dāng)作 put on 加到上動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞catch on to 理解 talk out of 說服（某人）不做某事 put up with 忍受 get down to 認(rèn)真地靜下心（去工作）動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞pay attention to 注意 throw light on 解釋Take care of 照顧 put an end to 結(jié)束Be +形容詞+介詞be knee on 熱衷于 be interested in 對(duì)感興趣 be familiar to 熟悉 be good at

29、擅長(zhǎng)4.3 動(dòng)詞的基本形式 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有五種基本形式,即動(dòng)詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。這五種形式和助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣。現(xiàn)將五種基本形式舉例列表如下： 原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞dodosediddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearnedlearnedlearningaskasksaskedaskedasking動(dòng)詞原形，是前面不加to的動(dòng)詞不定式形式、也就是詞典中所給出的動(dòng)詞形式。如：be,do,work,learn等。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)是第三人

30、稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式。如： She works in a factory. 她在一家工廠工作。 He teaches us English. 他教我們英語(yǔ)。 第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式一般由動(dòng)詞原形加-s構(gòu)成。它的拼寫應(yīng)根據(jù)下列情況作相應(yīng)變化： A.以s,z,ch,sh,x,o等字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加-es。如： gogoes passpasses catchcatches finishfinishes B.動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞多數(shù)由原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成，這類動(dòng)詞稱規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，在加-ed 時(shí)應(yīng)注意下列情況： fryfries carrycarries動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞多數(shù)由原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成，這類動(dòng)詞稱為規(guī)則

31、動(dòng)詞，在加-ed 時(shí)應(yīng)注意下列情況： A.一般情況下，直接加-ed。如： workworked helphelped B.以字母-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-d。如： livelived hopehoped C.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將y改i,再加-ed。如： studystudies carrycarries D.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，須雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed。如： stopstopped planplanned有些動(dòng)詞不以上述方法構(gòu)成過去式和過去分詞，而有特別的形式，這種動(dòng)詞稱為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。 A.不規(guī)則形式有的三個(gè)形式完全一樣： cost cost cost cut

32、cut cut set set set B. 有的后兩個(gè)形式一樣： meet met met sell sold sold lose lost lost C. 有的三個(gè)形式完全不一樣： do did done begin began begun take took taken現(xiàn)在分詞都以動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾變化如下： A. 一般情況如下，直接加-ing。如： gogoing workworking B. 以不讀音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞，先去掉e，再加上-ing。如： liveliving movemoving C .以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫輔音字母，再加-ing。如： sitsit

33、ting beginbeginning 4.4 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，列表如下：一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在teachteachesamIs teaching arehavehas taughthavehas been teaching過去taughtwaswere teachinghad taughthad been teaching將來shallwill teachshall be teaching willshall havewill taughtshall have beenwill teaching過去將來should bewould teachshould b

34、ewould teachshould havewould taughtshould have beenwould teachingnow一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式如下：肯定式疑問式否定式疑問否定式I teach.Do I teach?I do not teachDont I teach?He(she) teaches.Does he(she) teach?We do not teach.Dont we teach?W

35、e teach.Do we teach?We do not teach.Dont we teach?You teach.Do you teach?You do not teach.Dont you teach?They teach.Do they teach?They do not teach.Dont they teach?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。常用于以下情況：.表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間A.表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間內(nèi)的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。這一用法通常用于動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,并常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,有時(shí)可用表示在一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或不用時(shí)間或不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：Class beg

36、ins at eight every morning.每天上午八點(diǎn)上課。We have meals three times a day.我們一日三餐。He goes to school five days a week.他一星期上學(xué)五天。B.表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)、表示狀況主要用狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：He is very happy。他很幸福快樂。She looks tired.她看起來很疲勞。She is always ready to help others.她總是樂于助人。C. 表示現(xiàn)在瞬間的動(dòng)作 這個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)作是現(xiàn)在說話的這一剎那發(fā)生的，只用于動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞。一些動(dòng)詞解說，如：球賽解說-劇情介紹、驚嘆語(yǔ)或一些

37、正式的專門用語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示時(shí)表示此刻瞬間的動(dòng)作。如：Henry slips past,passes the ball to Charles,who jumps,catches and shoots it into the basket.What a beautiful shot !亨利穿過過去，把球傳給查理，查理跳起來，搶到球就投進(jìn)籃里。好球！ Here comes the bus!汽車來了！ B.用現(xiàn)在時(shí)描述過去時(shí)間的事實(shí)。這種用法多用于描述性文章或口述往事以達(dá)到描繪的生動(dòng)性，使過去事實(shí)呈現(xiàn)于讀者或聽眾面前，給人以歷歷在曠目的的感覺。這種用法叫做歷史性現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Then the man

38、in mask pulls a revolver out of his pocket and raises it.I put up hands.Then suddenly the man raises the mask and I see my best friend ! It all was a joke.隨后那個(gè)戴假面具的人從口袋里掏出左輪手槍，舉了起來。我舉起了雙手。這時(shí)那個(gè)人突然掀開了假面具，他原來是我的最好朋友。他是跟我開玩笑哩。.表示將來時(shí)間表示在將來時(shí)間一定要發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這些動(dòng)作或狀況一般由于自然日歷或時(shí)刻表的規(guī)定而固定不變或比較不易為變更的。如：Tomorrow is Sa

39、turday.A.明天是星期天。Now I declare the meeting open.我現(xiàn)在宣布開會(huì)。. 表示過去時(shí)間A.用tell,hear,learn,write,say 等傳達(dá)信息的動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)，傳達(dá)在過去時(shí)間發(fā)出的信息。如：John tells me you are going abroad.約翰告訴我你快出國(guó)了。The morning news says it will be very windy all this week .早晨的消息說整個(gè)星期都有大風(fēng)。I learn that you have bought a big refrigerator.我聽說你買了一個(gè)大冰箱。

40、 The meeting beings at 3:00 this afternoon. 今天下午3點(diǎn)開會(huì)。The flight takes off at 2:30P.M.飛機(jī)是下午2：30起飛。B.用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示將來時(shí)間表的動(dòng)作或狀況。如： I will call you as soon as I arrive . 我一到達(dá)，就打電話給你。 When he arrives,well go out to meet him. 他到的時(shí)候，我們就出去迎接他。 If you are home this evening,Ill come and see you. 如果你今天晚上在家

41、，我就來看你?？隙ㄊ揭蓡柺椒穸ㄊ揭蓡柗穸ㄊ絀 taught Did I teach?I did not teach Didnt I teach?He (she)Did he(she) teach?He (she) did not teach .Didnt he(she ) teach?We taughtDid we teach? We did not teach.Didnt we teach?You taughtDid you teach?You did not teach.Didnt you teach?They taughtDid they teach?They did not teach

42、.Didnt they teach?2.一般過去時(shí)的用法一般過去時(shí)常表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般過去時(shí)常和表示過去的狀語(yǔ)連用，如 yesterday,last year,a month age ,in 1970,in those days.表示過去時(shí)間A.表示在過去某個(gè)（或某段）時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：After nine o clock he washed his clothes.九點(diǎn)以后他洗衣服。In 1966,sixty-five-year-old Chichester went alone on his voyage round the world.1966年

43、，65歲的奇切斯特開始了只身一環(huán)球航行。He travelled in Japan last year. 他去年在日本旅行。 .表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間 在日常會(huì)話中，與對(duì)方談話用到want,hope ,think,wonder 等詞要表示禮貌的態(tài)度時(shí)，可用一般過去時(shí)，如：I hoped you would help me solve these problems.我希望你幫助我解決這些問題。I wondered if you would receive my guests for me while I am away.我不在家時(shí)，不知你能否為我接待一下我的客人。Did you want anything

44、 else?你還要?jiǎng)e有嗎？.表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間或?qū)頃r(shí)間在表示非事實(shí)句子中，即在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子中，用過去形式的動(dòng)詞可以表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：Its time we went .是我們?cè)撟叩臅r(shí)候了。B.表示過去時(shí)間的狀態(tài)。如： she was poor and illiterate,but she has become well-educated.從前她人窮又不識(shí)字，現(xiàn)在成了一個(gè)受過良好教育的人。Jane was here a moment ago.簡(jiǎn)剛才在這兒。I wasnt in last night.明天晚上我不在家。 C.表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。如：I smoked forty ci

45、garettes a day till I gave up.我戒煙前每天要抽40支煙。 Barbara usually prepared her lessons in the library.芭芭拉過去常在圖書館備課。也可以用used to表示。 如：I used to sleep late. 我過去常常晚睡。I would rather he came a week later .我寧愿他一個(gè)星期以后來。As soon as you get it ,mail it to here,Ill be on the look out ,so Tom will never know it came.你

46、一拿到它就寄到我這里，我一定留神不讓湯姆知道這件事。（3）.一般將來時(shí)1.一般將來時(shí)的形式肯定式疑問式否定式疑問否定式I shall teach shall I teach?I shall not teachShall not I teach?He (she) will teachWill he(she) teach?He (she) Will not teach .Willnt he(she ) teach?We shall taughtshall we teach?We shall not teach. shall not we teach?You will taughtwill you

47、teach?You will not teach. will not you teach? They will taughtwill they teach?They will not teach.will not they teach?2.一般將來時(shí)的用法.一般將來時(shí)常用來表示將來時(shí)間動(dòng)作或狀況.如:We will find them friendly.我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們很友好.We will speak at the meeting. 我們將在會(huì)上發(fā)言.It will be cold tomorrow.明天天氣會(huì)很冷。.一般將來時(shí)可用來表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或未來的傾向。如：Wherever he goe

48、s ,he will take an umbrella with him.他不管到哪兒，總是隨身帶著一把傘。Without TV,families will rediscover more active pastimes.沒有電視，各家各戶另外找一些更為積極的消遣活動(dòng)。A drowning man will catch at a straw.快淹死的人連一根稻草也要抓。（諺） .一般將來時(shí)還可用于以下情況：A 與狀語(yǔ)從句連用，常與表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：When I have time,I ll go to see you.我有時(shí)間就去看。Ill ask him as soon as come

49、s back.他一回來我就問他。Ill tell them everything after you leave.你離開后我就告訴他們一切。B 表時(shí)間和條件的狀語(yǔ)從句一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，但有時(shí)亦可用一般將來時(shí)。連詞before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可用 一般將來時(shí)。如：It will be long before he will come back.我要過很久才會(huì)回來。You must fill out the application form and be interviewed be fore you will be considered for the job.你必須先填好申請(qǐng)書，經(jīng)過

50、面談，然后才會(huì)被考慮雇用的問題。V.將來時(shí)的多種表示法A “be going to +動(dòng)詞不定式這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來表示計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事。如：He is going to study Spanish at college.他準(zhǔn)備在大學(xué)學(xué)西班牙語(yǔ)。He is going to get married.他快結(jié)婚了。They are going to be parents. 他們要做父母了。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表示由于客觀原因素而產(chǎn)生的未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：I think its going to rain.我想要下雨了。The situation is to be favourable to us.形勢(shì)將對(duì)我

51、們有利。The plane is going to take off.B.“be about +不定式”表示“正要”、“剛要”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：We were about to start,when it rained.我們正要?jiǎng)由?，卻下起雨來了。School is about to start.課正要開始。He was about to say something more,when his wife came in.他正要再說些什么，他夫人進(jìn)屋了。C. “be+不定式“表示按”日程“將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。如：There is to be a test in the tenth week.第十周將有一

52、次測(cè)驗(yàn)。 Toms birthday party is to be held next Saturday.湯姆的生日晚會(huì)將在下周六舉行。We are to turn out 10,000 cars next month.下月我們將產(chǎn)生一萬(wàn)輛汽車。D.“be +ing 分詞” 現(xiàn)在時(shí)進(jìn)行體可以用來表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定或安排在將來時(shí)間要發(fā)生的事情。如：His brother is coming next week . 他弟弟下周來。We are moving to a new apartment tomorrow.我們明天就要搬到新房子去。Im going to Paris next year.我明年

53、要到巴黎去。（4） 一般過去將來時(shí)1 一般過去將來時(shí)的形式 一般過去將來時(shí)的形式肯定式否定式I should teach.I should not teach.He (she) would teach .He (she) would not teach.We should teach.We should not teachYou would teach.You would not teach.They would teach.They would not teach.一般過去將來時(shí)的用法.一般過去將來時(shí)表示的某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般過去將來時(shí)常用主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)狀態(tài)的間接引語(yǔ)中

54、。如：He said he would send his car here to pick us up.他說他要派他的汽車來接我們。He told me that he would call on her.他告訴我，他會(huì)去拜訪她。I thought you would take the chance.我還以為你會(huì)去試一試呢。. 一般過去將來時(shí)?？捎脕肀硎具^去習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作（不管什么人稱，都用would )。如：She would give me her hand when I was in trouble.我一有麻煩她就會(huì)伸出援助之手。 Whenever he had time, he would

55、 help his parents with house work. 他一有時(shí)間就幫父母干家務(wù). After we mastered a technique, we would pass it on to the others. 掌握好一門技術(shù)之后,我們就傳授給其他人.一般過去將來時(shí)還可由was going to,was about to,was to來表示,表示曾在過去預(yù)計(jì)發(fā)生并且發(fā)生了的事.如: I couldnt go to Toms party as I was about to go into hospital. 我要去住院,所以不能參加湯姆舉辦的晚會(huì)了. We were about

56、 to get there when it began to rain. 我們快到達(dá)時(shí)下起雨來了.(5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式如下:肯定式疑問式否定式疑問否定式I have taught.Have I taught?I have not taught.Have not I taught?He(she) has taught.Has he(she)taught?He(she) has not taught.Has not he(she) taught?We have taughtHave we taught?We have not taught.Have not we

57、taught?You have taught.Have you taught?You have not taught.Have not you taught?They have taught.Have they taught?They have not taught.Have not they taught?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法.表示的動(dòng)作或狀況發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在說話以前的某個(gè)未經(jīng)明確的過去時(shí)間內(nèi),而且已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束,給現(xiàn)在時(shí)間留下了結(jié)果或影響.如: He has been to England. 他到過英國(guó).(他現(xiàn)在不在那里,但知道那里的樣子.) I have learned to skate. 我學(xué)過

58、滑冰.(我現(xiàn)在會(huì)滑冰。）.表示在現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或事件前已做的動(dòng)作。如： I understand what you have told me. 你給我說的事我現(xiàn)在明白了。 He is reading the books that he has bought recently. 他現(xiàn)在看他近來買的那本書。 He has received the report. 他已經(jīng)收到了報(bào)告。.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替將來完成時(shí)。如： Ill go and visit him as soon as I have finished writing this essay. 我一寫完這篇文章就要去看他。 Il

59、l write a synopsis if I have read the book. 如果我讀完這本書就要寫一個(gè)概要。 Ill come to your office as soon as I have obtained the papers. 我要一拿到文件就到你的辦公室。.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在說話以前的某個(gè)未經(jīng)明確指出的過去時(shí)間內(nèi)，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)直到如今尚未完成或結(jié)束。它可能還要繼續(xù)下去，也可能停止。如： Ive planted fourteen rose-bushes so far this morning. 今天上午到現(xiàn)在為止，我種了14棵玫瑰。 She has eaten a

60、 mango before . Have you ever eaten a mango? 她從前從沒吃過芒果。你吃過芒果嗎？ .since 和 for 常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，表示直到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)段。如： Tom hasnt been home since he was a school boy. 湯姆從小學(xué)起就離開家了。 I saw Jane last year and I havent seen her since. 我去年見過簡(jiǎn)，此后就再?zèng)]有見過她了。 Ive lived here for five years. 我在這里住了5年了。 .與副詞just ,recently already ,yet 和