高級英漢翻譯課程

1、Get ready for the final exams of English/Chinese Translation (1&2)Part I EC Translation Test1. Composition of the Test Papers & useful skills in coping with the tests“高級英漢翻譯”課程l 評價目標：重點測試學生英漢筆譯的技巧，包括增譯法、減譯法、詞類轉(zhuǎn)移法、詞序調(diào)整法、分譯法、重譯法、正說反譯，反說正譯法和習語翻譯等。同時也考查相關(guān)的翻譯理論知識、英語理解和漢語表達能力。l 命題原則：根據(jù)教材所涵蓋的文章主題、體

2、裁、翻譯技巧以及與教材難度相當?shù)臅嬲Z言材料命題。英譯漢的課外材料必須是從英語原著上選來的未經(jīng)簡化的文字。涉及教材內(nèi)容不少于50%。l 試題結(jié)構(gòu)： 部分 題型 各單項分數(shù) 在課程終結(jié)考試中所占的比例 時間（分鐘） 翻譯理論理解 正誤判斷/填空題 10 100 15 短語翻譯 單項選擇 25 20 翻譯短語 句子翻譯 翻譯句子 30 25 短文翻譯 翻譯短文一 35 60 翻譯短文二 “高級英漢翻譯”課程終結(jié)考試試卷（樣題）課程編號：ENBAE3 1001_學籍號：_學習中心：_姓名：_Information for the Examinees:This examination consists

3、 of FOUR sections. They are:Section I: Understanding of Theories (10 points, 15 minutes)Section II: Phrase Translation (25 points, 20 minutes)Section III: Sentence Translation (30 points, 25 minutes)Section IV: Passage Translation (35 points, 60 minutes)The total marks for this examination are 100 p

4、oints. Time allowed for completing this examination is 2 hours (120 minutes)YOU MUST WRITE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. Section I Understanding of Theories10 points Questions 1-10. (10 points)The following statements are about some translation theories you are familiar with. Decide whether

5、these statements are true or false by writing T for "true" and F for "false" on your Answer Sheet._1. Since Chinese and English belong to two different language families, one has to make some adjustments in lexicon and sentence structure to make the translated version smooth and

6、natural._2. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style._3. Every language adopts the same system of classifying its experience._4. It widely agreed that there are t

7、hree stages in the procedure of translation: analysis, transfer, and restructuring._5. A word may have several meanings, but its linguistic context will help to point out the exact meaning of that word._6. Semotactic marking, one aspect of linguistic context, refers to the situation when the meaning

8、 of a word in a sentence is specified by the grammatical construction of that sentence._7. In translating from English to Chinese, one must repeat key words including nouns, verbs, and pronouns._8. In the process of transfer, the conceptual content of the message has the highest priority. Therefore,

9、 there is no need to keep the original form of the source-language text._9. The situational factors relate to the occasion and circumstances of the speech event and to the relationships between speakers._10. Nida believes that in testing the translation, one must focus attention not upon the extent

10、of verbal correspondence but upon the amount of dynamic equivalence.Section II Phrase Translation25 points Part 1. Questions 11-20. (10 points) Choose a better version of Chinese translation for each of the following phrases. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 11. the journey across AfricaA. 遍及

11、非洲的旅行B. 穿越非洲的旅行12. be behind scheduleA. 落后于計劃B. 在計劃后面13. play the fluteA. 玩笛子B. 吹笛子14. black teaA. 紅茶B. 黑茶15. like a cat on hot bricksA. 燙磚上的貓B. 熱鍋上的螞蟻16. a concept inconceivable beforeA. 一個以前無法想象的概念B. 一個概念，在以前無法想象17. Dutch treatA. 打平伙B. 荷蘭式的招待18. political campaignA. 政治運動B. 競選活動19. mountain lionA.

12、山獅B. 美洲豹20. an instrument designed to extend the range of people's sensesA. 一個用來拓展人們感覺范圍的工具B. 一個工具，用來拓展人們的感覺范圍Part 2. Questions 21-30. (15 points)Translate the following phrases and write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 21. a hard question _22. hard water _23. the last ten-day period of a mont

13、h _24. a good Christian _25. a well-managed company _26. particles moving around their atomic nucleus _27. generations of painstaking observation _28. an unlikely coalition of university professors _29. a computer genius _30. as much with courtesy as with force _Section III Sentence Translation 30 p

14、ointsQuestions 31-40: Translate the following sentences using the translation skills and techniques you have learned from this course. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 31. Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality._32. Modern skyscrapers began to appear in the city, taking away much

15、of its ancient charm and mystery, which was considered as a great pity by many people._33. The news had already spread along the streets and lanes._34. The examination left no doubt that the victim had not died of a heart attack but had been killed._35. There was no use arguing. The die was cast._36

16、. Twentieth century history shows the impressive adaptive capacity of international relations based on multinational principles and norms._37. We are very grateful to you for your effort to come all the way from China to present his document to us. _38. The problem of refugees should be dealt with i

17、n an integrated manner._39. It is exciting to visit your great country._40. No one was more willing to do a favor for friend or neighbour than he. _Section IV Passage Translation35 points Part 1. Question 41. (15 points)The following passage is about problems with Darwinian Theory. Please translate

18、it into Chinese on your Answer Sheet. You may refer to the new words and expressions provided in the box below.Darwinian theory: 達爾文學說daptation: 適應(yīng)species: 物種natural selection: 自然選擇cockroaches: 蟑螂ponges: 海綿hereditary changes: 遺傳變異?the geologic past: 過去的地質(zhì)年代If Darwinian Theory works so well, why chal

19、lenge it? There are several reasons to do so. Although Darwinian Theory explains many of the facts of evolution better than any other theory, it does not necessarily explain the whole process. Also, some of the results of evolution do not match what Darwinian Theory would predict. For example, if ev

20、olution leads to a perfect adaptation through natural selection acting on random hereditary changes, the process ought to slow down as it gets closer to the optimum for each species because fewer favorable changes can be made. Indeed, some organisms-cockroaches and sponges, for example, are so well

21、adapted that they have changed very little in many millions of years.Their evolutionary rate does seem to have slowed down. We should also see decrease in the number of species as they compete with one another and unsuccessful species are eliminated. But we see no such slowing down, and the number o

22、f species appears to be at least as great now as in the geologic past and perhaps even greater.Part 2. Question 42. (20 points)The following passage is an excerpt from a book talking about the special joys of slow reading. Please translate it into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.I discovered the worth

23、of super-slow reading years ago. Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decided, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar. I had started with the practic

24、al object of making my book last. But by the end of the second week I began to realize how much I was getting from super-slow-reading itself. Sometimes just a particular phrase caught my attention, sometimes a sentence. I would read it slowly, analyze it, read it again-perhaps changing down into an

25、even lower gear-and then sit for 20 minutes thinking about it before moving on. I was like a pianist studying a piece of music, phrase by phrase, rehearsing it, trying to discover and recreate exactly what the composer was trying to convey.參考答案與評分標準（樣題）Section I Understanding of Theories 10 points Q

26、uestions 1-10. (10 points, 1 point each)1.        T2.        T3.        F4.        T5.        T6.    

27、0;   F7.        F8.        F 9.        T10.    TSection II Phrase Translation25 pointsPart 1. Questions 11-20. (10 points, 1 point each)11.    B12. &#

28、160;  A13.    B14.    A15.    B16.    A17.    A18.    B19.    B20.    APart 2. Questions 21-30. (15 points, 1.5 points each.)Marking guide: 評分標準（共15分，每個1.5分）：1 譯文應(yīng)準確、完整。單詞或短語誤

29、譯或漏譯，每處扣1分。2 譯文應(yīng)符合中文表達習慣。譯文表達不通順，或不符合中文習慣（未能恰當運用翻譯技巧處理英漢差異），每處扣1分。3 下列答案僅做參考。不同措詞的譯文，只要意思正確即可得分。21. 一個難回答的問題22. 水質(zhì)較硬的水23. 下旬24. 一個虔誠的基督教徒25. 一家管理完善的公司26. 環(huán)繞原子核運動的粒子27. 很多代人辛苦的觀察28. 大學教授出人意料地聯(lián)合起來29. 一個電腦奇才30. 軟磨硬泡/軟硬兼施Section III Sentence Translation30 pointsQuestions 31-40. (30 points, 3 points each

30、.) Marking guide: 評分標準（共30分，每個3分）：1 譯文應(yīng)完整、準確。句子或從句誤譯或漏譯，每處扣2分；單詞或短語誤譯或漏譯，每處扣1分；用詞欠精準（搭配、程度、色彩、語域等），每處扣0.5分。2 譯文應(yīng)符合中文習慣。表達不通順，或未能恰當運用翻譯技巧處理英漢差異的，每處扣2分。3 下列答案僅做參考。不同措詞的譯文，只要意思正確即可得分。31.   誰也不能指望他會采取克制或講道理的態(tài)度。（必要時添加詞語）32.     富有現(xiàn)代化氣息的摩天大樓開始出現(xiàn)在這座城市，使得這座古城失去了不少古老的風韻和寧靜，許多人嘆為

31、可惜。（長句子斷句）33.     這條新聞早就傳遍了大街小巷。（刪除不必要的介詞）34.   調(diào)查結(jié)果清楚表明受害人并非死于心臟病突發(fā)，而是被謀殺致死。（肯定與否定說法在翻譯中的使用）35.   事已決定，再爭也沒有用。（英語成語的意譯）36.   二十世紀的歷史表明，國際關(guān)系具有驚人的調(diào)整適應(yīng)能力，而這種國際關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)是多邊原則與準則。（長句子斷句）37.   我們非常感謝您所做的努力，感謝您專程從中國前來向我們介紹這個文件。（必要時重復(fù)某個詞語）38. 

32、60; 難民問題的處理應(yīng)該采用綜合的方法。（動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞）39.   訪問你們偉大的國家，真令人激動。（實際主語前移）40.  他最愿意幫朋友或鄰居的忙。（肯定表達和否定表達在翻譯中的應(yīng)用）Section IV Passage Translation35 pointsPart 1. (15 points) 評分標準：1513分：譯文完整、準確，包含所有細節(jié)；語言基本無誤，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，用詞恰當?shù)皿w。1210分 ：譯文包含絕大多數(shù)信息，忽略極個別細節(jié)；語言基本無誤，結(jié)構(gòu)較合理，用詞基本恰當?shù)皿w。9分（及格）：譯文包含最基本信息，但有一些信息缺失；語言有些錯誤，但能表達

33、出基本意思，用詞有一些錯誤和不得體之處，但未影響基本意思的表達。85分：譯文包含一些最基本信息，但有很多細節(jié)缺失；語言有較多錯誤，有時影響基本意思的表達，用詞有較多不得體之處，但仍能表達出部分信息。5分以下：譯文只包含很少的信息；語言錯誤很多，影響了基本意思的表達，文不成句，只有個別正確的詞匯。 Question 41既然達爾文學說已經(jīng)被證實，那么為什么還要對它提出質(zhì)疑呢？有幾個理由使得人們要這樣做。達爾文學說在解釋許多進化事實方面雖然比其他任何理論都略勝一籌，但它未必能解釋整個進化過程。況且，生物進化的某些結(jié)果同達爾文學說所做的某些預(yù)測并不相符。例如，在生物隨機遺傳變異過程中，如果通過自然選

34、擇會促使生物進化到最理想的適應(yīng)狀態(tài)，那么當它們進化到越來越接近于各物種的最佳適應(yīng)狀態(tài)時，這種過程就應(yīng)當會慢下來，因為這時有利于物種的變異越來越小了。事實上，有一些生物，如蟑螂和海綿，的確由于已經(jīng)適應(yīng)得非常好了，以致在億萬年中幾乎沒有發(fā)生什么變化。它們的進化速度看來確實是慢下來了。隨著那些不很適應(yīng)環(huán)境的物種在相互競爭中逐漸被淘汰，我們還應(yīng)當發(fā)現(xiàn)物種的總數(shù)會相應(yīng)減少。可是我們并未發(fā)現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象?，F(xiàn)在的物種總數(shù)至少并不比過去地質(zhì)年代的少，甚至還可能更多。Part 2. (20 points)評分標準：2017分：譯文完整、準確，包含所有細節(jié)；語言基本無誤，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，用詞恰當?shù)皿w。1613分：譯文包含絕

35、大多數(shù)信息，忽略極個別細節(jié)；語言基本無誤，結(jié)構(gòu)較合理，用詞基本恰當?shù)皿w。12分（及格）：譯文包含最基本信息，但有一些信息缺失；語言有些錯誤，但能表達出基本意思，用詞有一些錯誤和不得體之處，但未影響基本意思的表達。117分：譯文包含一些最基本信息，但有很多細節(jié)缺失；語言有較多錯誤，有時影響基本意思的表達，用詞有較多不得體之處，但仍能表達出部分信息。7分以下：譯文只包含很少的信息；語言錯誤很多，影響了基本意思的表達，文不成句，只有個別正確的詞匯。 Question 42 幾年以前，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了超慢速閱讀的妙處。在那之前，我要是對一本書真感興趣，就會一頁一頁拼命往后翻，急于想知道下文的究竟。但是現(xiàn)在，我

36、決定當一個文字的守財奴，把每個句子當作窮漢身上的最后一塊錢，讓它盡量延長。我開始的目標很實際，就是想把自己讀一本書的時間拉長一些。但過了兩個星期，我開始領(lǐng)略超慢速閱讀本身給我的教益。吸引我注意的有時是個別的短語，有時是整個句子。我會慢慢地讀，慢慢地分析，然后再回頭重讀一遍-這次速度可能放得更慢-之后靜坐冥想20分鐘，這才接著往下讀。我就像一個鋼琴演奏家在品味一段音樂，一個樂段一個樂段地領(lǐng)會，接著練習一番，盡可能挖掘并準確重現(xiàn)作曲家要表達的內(nèi)容2. A Case Study in Reviewing Unit 1Review. Unit 1 窗體頂端Unit No.Activity N

37、o./Task No.Important pointsImportant Words/Concepts Requiring Definition/Translating Skills1: Start with ParadoxesActivity 1(1) Difficulties in translating: comprehension and expression (2)Nida and his perspectives toward translating-meaning is more important than form literalness; faithfulness; the

38、 source text; paraphraseActivity 2 / Task 1(1) Differences in lexicons between English and Chinese; (2) Some words share exactly the same meaning.(proper names, technical terms, the names of some everyday objects)designative meaning; associative meaning; the target language; connotation; Activity 2

39、/ Task 2Most words do not share the same meaningActivity 2 / Task 3, 4, 5Words usually have more than one meaning, especially when used in their combination with other words.Activity 3What kinds of English/Chinese phrases tend to be moved in translating respectively?Changing the positions of some ph

40、rasesActivity 4Changing words or phrases into sentences窗體底端3. What can be drawn from the analysisthe importance of a good review of the textbook 不復(fù)習課本或復(fù)習課本不得要點的學生：Section I:Understanding of Theories (10 points) 扣7分Section II:Phrase Translation (101525 points) 扣（25）7分Section III: Sentence Translation

41、 (30 points) 扣9分Section IV: Passage Translation(35（102035 points) 扣（98）17分 總計： 100分 扣 40分 得60分 復(fù)習課本透徹，深得課本要點的學生：Section I:Understanding of Theories(10 points) 扣2分Section II:Phrase Translation (101525 points)扣（23）5分Section III: Sentence Translation (30 points) 扣3分Section IV: Passage Translation（10203

42、5 points) 扣（37）10分 總計： 100分 扣 22分 得 80分Part II C-E Translation Test1. Composition of the Test Papers & useful skills in coping with the tests“高級漢英翻譯”課程l 評價目標：本考試重點測試學生漢英筆譯的技巧，包括在漢譯英的過程中對時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、從句、動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞等主要語言現(xiàn)象的處理。同時也考查相關(guān)的英、漢語言差異、漢語理解和英語表達能力。l 命題原則：根據(jù)教材所涵蓋的文章主題、體裁、翻譯技巧以及與教材難度相當?shù)臅嬲Z言材料命題，涉

43、及教材內(nèi)容不少于35%。l 試題結(jié)構(gòu):部分 題型 各單項分數(shù) 在課程終結(jié)考試中所占的比例 時間（分鐘） 單句翻譯 翻譯單句 40 100 20段落翻譯 翻譯段落一 30 50翻譯段落二 短文翻譯 翻譯短文 30 50“高級漢英翻譯”課程終結(jié)考試試卷（樣題）課程編號：ENBAE3 1002_學籍號：_學習中心：_姓名：_Information for the Examinees:This examination consists of THREE sections. They are: Section I: Sentence Translation (40 points, 20 minutes)

44、 Section II: Paragraph Translation (30 points, 50 minutes) Section III: Passage Translation (30 points, 50 minutes)The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this examination is 2 hours (120 minutes). YOU MUST WRITE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. Section

45、I Sentence Translation 40 points Questions 1-10: Translate the following sentences according to the requirements specified in the brackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 1. 使用手冊上說，在斷開計算機的電源前應(yīng)先關(guān)機。（注意情態(tài)動詞的翻譯） _ 2. 我大學畢業(yè)時，面臨著是出國留學還是在國內(nèi)找工作的選擇。（運用名詞“ choice ”） _ 3. 如果我們給他良好的工資待遇，他同意為我們公司工作。 ( 運

46、用動詞不定式 ) _ 4. 對各項調(diào)查的分析表明，多數(shù)人對投票不感興趣。（注意主謂一致） _ 5. 劉老師教我們的這個辦法，大家都覺得實在再好不過了。（注意副詞的翻譯） _ 6. 昨晚的爆炸聲聽起來可能來自城市南郊的軍火庫。（注意情態(tài)動詞的翻譯） _ 7. 面對遭受災(zāi)害的東南亞人民，任何有良知的人都不會采取漠視的態(tài)度。（運用含有動詞“ take ”的詞組） _ 8. 最近幾次為大學生舉辦的實用翻譯講座吸引了許多翻譯愛好者參加。 ( 注意修飾成分的翻譯 ) _ 9. 沒有吃過苦的人不知道什么是甜。（運用定語從句） _ 10. 他邊過馬路，邊左顧右盼，生怕被路過的車子撞到。（運用分詞短語） _Se

47、ction II Paragraph Translation 30 points Part 1. Question 11. (15 points)The following paragraph is about a writers first days in London. Please translate it into English on your Answer Sheet. 我永遠忘不了剛到倫敦的日子。那兒的生活會是怎樣的，我心里一點也沒譜。我不知道去哪兒找工作、怎樣找到一個落腳的地方。我也不認識什么人、又不知道如何去結(jié)交當?shù)厝?。一天，我走進了一家酒吧，指望著能結(jié)識個朋友?？晌野l(fā)現(xiàn)自己

48、對如何與那里的人搭訕一無所知。我就買了杯酒，一聲不吭地在那里足足呆了有四十五分鐘。我心想，難道沒有人想知道我是何人、有何見教嗎？ 最后，我決定放棄了，心里嘀咕著我是不是來錯了國家。Part 2. Question 12. (15 points) The following paragraph is about a writer's reflection on book reading. Please translate it into English on your Answer Sheet. 我與書一直保持著親密的關(guān)系。它對我傾訴，帶我深入生活；我呢，也有所回應(yīng)。我在書頁上寫下批注，

49、就好像在和作者交換意見，進行一場既有喜怒哀樂，又有矛盾對抗的游戲。在學校里我學會了這種讀書方法，使用至今，從未放棄，通過這種方式我與作者交談。有時我會突然截住這鉛字流，拿起筆寫下自己的看法或劃出某個句子。在主持 Apostrophes 節(jié)目期間，每次上節(jié)目前我總要花幾小時回顧自己做過的批注。這樣，短短幾分鐘就足以回憶起幾天前所讀書的全部內(nèi)容。Section III Passage Translation 30 pointsQuestion 13. (30 points) Please translate the following passage into English on your An

50、swer Sheet. 秋夜 在我的后園，可以看見墻外有兩株樹，一株是棗樹，還有一株也是棗樹。 這上面的夜的天空，奇怪而高，我生平?jīng)]有看見過這樣的奇怪而高的天空。他仿佛要離開人間而去，使人們仰面不再看見。然而現(xiàn)在卻非常之藍，閃閃地映著幾十個星星的眼，冷眼。他的口角上現(xiàn)出微笑，似乎自以為大有深意，而將繁霜撒在我的園里的野花草上。 我不知道那些花草真叫什么名字，人們叫他們什么名字。我記得有一種開過極細小的粉紅花，現(xiàn)在還開著，但是更極細小了，她在冷的夜氣中，瑟縮地做夢，夢見春的到來，夢見秋的到來，夢見瘦的詩人將眼淚擦在她最末的花瓣上，告訴她秋雖然來，冬雖然來，而此后接著還是春，蝴蝶亂飛，蜜蜂都唱起春

51、詞來了。她于是一笑，雖然顏色凍得紅慘慘地，仍然瑟縮著。參考答案與評分標準（樣題）課程編號：ENBAE3 1002Section I Sentence Translation 40 points Questions 1-10. (40 points, 4 points each.)評分標準（共40分，每句4分）：1 譯文應(yīng)完整、準確。缺詞或者用詞錯誤每個扣1分；句子不完整或不準確每個扣2分。2 未按照括號中的要求翻譯的每個扣1分。3 詞法錯誤、搭配不當、語境不正確（正式用法或非正式用法錯誤）或隱含義錯誤（褒義貶義）每個扣1分。4 拼寫和標點錯誤每個扣0.5分。5 譯文答案僅做參考，不同的譯文，只

52、要準確得體就可以得分。1.  The manual says that the computer ought to/should be shut down properly before it gets disconnected. 2.  When I graduated from the university, I had to make a choice between going to study abroad and finding a job at home. 3.  He has agreed to work for our company if we

53、 offer him a competitive payment pack. 4.  An analysis of the surveys shows that most people are not interested in voting.5.  Everyone thinks that the method we've learned from Liu is excellent indeed .6.  The explosion last night sounded as though/if it could/might have come from the arsenal at the southern suburb .7.  Facing the disaster-stricken people in the South-east Asia, any man with his conscience will not take up an indifferent attitude.8.  The latest lectures on practical translation delivered to co