新編大學(xué)英語(第二版)外研社Book2Unit3Part2A

1、Part Two Reading-Centered Activities 1. In-Class Reading1. In-Class Reading2. After-Class Reading2. After-Class ReadingIn-Class ReadingBorn to WinPart Two: In-Class ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingPost-ReadingGlobal ReadingGlobal ReadingOrganization AnalysisOrganization AnalysisPre-Reading Acti

2、vity Pre-Reading Activity Part Two: In-Class Reading Global ReadingSummarySummaryPre-Reading Activity StatementsMy GuessThe Authors Opinion Each person has the potential to win in his own way. No. Yes.1) A winner is someone who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose.2) Few people

3、 are winners or losers all the time.Yes.No.To be continuedRead the following statements and guess whether the author would agree with them, then read the passage and recheck. There is one example for you. Part Two: In-Class Reading Global Reading StatementsMy GuessThe Authors Opinion3) Achievement i

4、s the most important thing for a winner.4) Independence is one of the most important characteristics of a winner. 5) A loser is afraid to try new things.6) A loser will receive more love from others.Yes.Yes.No.No.Part Two: In-Class Reading Global Reading Organization AnalysisCharacteristics of loser

5、s.Part I(Para.1) IntroductionEach person has the potential to win in his own way.Part II(Para.2-10)Comparison between winners and losers. MoreMore MoreMorePara.2:The meanings of “winner” and “l(fā)oser”.Para.3:Few people are winners or losers all the time.Para.4-7:Characteristics of winners.Para.8:Possi

6、ble causes of losers.Para.9-10: MoreMore MoreMore MoreMoreTo be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Global ReadingPara.2: The meanings of “winner” and “l(fā)oser”.A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive.A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely.Para.3: Few people a

7、re winners and losers all the time.When a person has the capacity to be a winner, he will become successful more frequently.To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Global ReadingPara.4-7:Characteristics of winners.A. A winner is genuine. (Para.4)B. A winner is not afraid to do his own things and t

8、o use his own knowledge. (Para.5)C. A winner is flexible. (Para.6)D. A winner has love for life. (Para.6)E. A winner cares about the world and its people. (Para.7)To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Global ReadingPara.8: Possible causes of losers.Possible causes: poor nutrition, cruelty, unhap

9、py relationships, disease, continuing disappointment and inadequate physical care.Para.9-10: Characteristics of losers.A. A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behaviors. (Para.9)B. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. (Para.10)Part T

10、wo: In-Class Reading Global ReadingSummary Each human being has his own potential to win in his own way. When we refer to a person as a winner or a loser, we mainly mean whether he can respond genuinely or not. However, few people are winners or losers all the time. Winners have the following charac

11、teristics: being genuine, being not afraid to do his own thinking and being able to use his knowledge, being flexible and caring about the world and its people. In contrast, a loser lacks capacity to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior, and has difficulty giving a

12、nd receiving love. That may be caused by poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments and inadequate physical care.Part Two: In-Class Reading Global ReadingDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingPassage Reading Passage Reading Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Readi

13、ng Pair WorkPair WorkGroup DiscussionGroup DiscussionWord StudyWord StudyUnderstanding SentencesUnderstanding SentencesYou cannot teach a man anything.You can only help him discover it within himself. GalileoBorn to WinPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Each human being is born as something

14、 unique, something that never existed before. 1 Each person is born with what he needs to win at life. A normal person can see, hear, touch, taste, and think for himself. Each has his own unique potentialshis capabilities and limitations. 2 Each can be an important, thinking, aware, and creatively p

15、roductive person in his own righta winner. The words “winner” and “l(fā)oser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose. Instead a winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive,

16、both as an individual and as a member of a society. A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely.Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Few people are winners or losers all the time. Its a matter of degree. 3 However, once a person has the capacity to be a winner, his chances are greater for b

17、ecoming even more so. Achievement is not the most important thing for winners; genuineness is. The genuine person realizes his own uniqueness and appreciates the uniqueness of others. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and d

18、oesnt pretend to have all the answers. 4 He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions.Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading A winner is flexible. He does not have to respond in known, rigid ways. He can change his plans when the situation calls for it. A winn

19、er has a love for life. He enjoys work, play, food, other people, and the world of nature. Without guilt he enjoys his own accomplishments. Without envy he enjoys the accomplishments of others. A winner cares about the world and its people. He is not separated from the general problems of society. H

20、e tries to improve the quality of life. Even in the face of national and international difficulty, he does not see himself as helpless. He does what he can to make the world a better place.Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 5 Although people are born to win, they are also born totally depen

21、dent on their environment. Winners successfully make the change from dependence to independence. Losers do not. Somewhere along the line losers begin to avoid becoming independent. This usually begins in childhood. 6 Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments

22、, and inadequate physical care are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers. 7A loser is held back by his low capacity to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior. 8 He may be unaware of other choices for his life if the path he chooses goes n

23、owhere. Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading He is afraid to try new things. He repeats not only his own mistakes and often repeats those of his family and culture. 9A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. He does not enter into close, honest, direct relationships with others. Inste

24、ad, he tries to manipulate them into living up to his expectations and channels his energies into living up to their expectations.Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Understanding Sentences 1. Each person is born with what he needs to win at life.TranslationComments每個人天生具有要在生活中贏得成功的能力。每個人天生具

25、有要在生活中贏得成功的能力。In “at life”, “at” means “in the activity or field of”, such as in “skilled at playing chess” or “good at math”, etc. We also say one is skilled at tennis, golf, etc. By extension we then say that the person wins at chess, tennis, etc. Thus, in the sentence “Each person is born with wh

26、at he needs to win at life”, life is being compared to a game. The whole sentence means that we all are born with skills needed to win at the game of life.To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Understanding Sentences Examples1. Barbaras getting on really well at her new job.2. I

27、m not good at mathematics.Back to the TextBack to the TextPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Understanding Sentences 2. Each can be an important, thinking, aware, and creatively productive person in his own righta winner.Translation每個人都能憑自己的本事成為舉足輕重、會思考、每個人都能憑自己的本事成為舉足輕重、會思考、 明事理、創(chuàng)造性成果頗多的人明

28、事理、創(chuàng)造性成果頗多的人一個成功的人。一個成功的人。 CommentsThe phrase “in ones own right” is used to say that a person has something or achieves something on his own without depending on other people （憑本身的權(quán)利或能力、實力、資格等）（憑本身的權(quán)利或能力、實力、資格等）.To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Examples1. Although he was t

29、he son of a famous football coach, he soon became famous in his own right.Back to the TextBack to the Text2. Bill Gates is a very wealthy man in his own right.Understanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Understanding Sentences 3. However, once a person has the capacity to be

30、a winner, his chances are greater for becoming even more so.ParaphraseHowever, once a person has developed both the skills and the attitude to become a winner (i.e. the capacity to be a winner), he will very likely become even a more frequent winner.Translation然而，當(dāng)一個人一旦具備了成為成功者的能力時，然而，當(dāng)一個人一旦具備了成為成功者

31、的能力時，（他）經(jīng)常獲得成功的可能性就會更大。（他）經(jīng)常獲得成功的可能性就會更大。To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading CommentsHere, the word “chance” means “possibility”. The adverb “so” is used to refer back to an idea, action, quality, situation etc. that has just mentioned. Here, “so” refers to “a winner”. Therefo

32、re, “becoming even more so” in this sentence means “becoming even a more frequent winner”.1. The band is popular and likely to become more so.2. Jerry is very honest, perhaps too much so.ExamplesTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 3. She has a good chan

33、ce of a successful recovery.4. There is little chance of her being found alive.5. The day will be cloudy with a slight chance of rain later tonight.6. He gave the show a fifty-fifty chance of survival.7. It was a million to one chance, but it had happened.8. The operation is performed under local an

34、esthetic, which lessens the chances of infection.9. How can we improve our chances of career development?ExamplesBack to the TextBack to the TextPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 4. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions.他傾聽他人、評價他們說的話，卻能得出自己的他傾聽他人、評

35、價他們說的話，卻能得出自己的結(jié)論。結(jié)論。TranslationNotice the parallel structure in which a series of verbs are used. Besides, pay attention to the collocation “come to a conclusion”.CommentsTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 1. It is still too early to reach a conclusion

36、 on this point.2. There are perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.3. All the evidence pointed to / led to / supported the conclusion that he was guilty.4. Its important not to jump to conclusions. (decide something too quickly, without knowing all the facts)5. The police

37、 came to the inescapable conclusion that the children had been murdered. (the conclusion that you must come to)ExamplesBack to the TextBack to the TextPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 5. Although people are born to win, they are also born totally dependent on their environment.即使人們生來注定會成功

38、，但也是生來就要完全依賴即使人們生來注定會成功，但也是生來就要完全依賴于周圍環(huán)境的。于周圍環(huán)境的。 Here “totally dependent” is a subject complement (主語補(bǔ)足語主語補(bǔ)足語).1. The window was paint blue.2. The truck was found abandoned on Highway 63.ExamplesTranslationCommentsBack to the TextBack to the TextUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading De

39、tailed Reading 6. Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers.營養(yǎng)不良、非人道待遇、不愉快的人際關(guān)系、疾病、營養(yǎng)不良、非人道待遇、不愉快的人際關(guān)系、疾病、 長期的失望、以及身體護(hù)理不足等經(jīng)歷都會促使人們長期的失望、以及身體護(hù)理不足等經(jīng)歷都會促使人們成為失敗

40、者。成為失敗者。 The attributive clause “that contribute to making” modifies the noun “experiences”. The word “to” in the phrase “contribute to” is a preposition, so it should be followed by either a noun or a gerund.TranslationCommentsTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detail

41、ed Reading 1. Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US.2. Her work has contributed enormously/ greatly/significantly/substantially to our understanding of this difficult subject.3. Everyone on the team contributed to winning the game.ExamplesBack to the TextBack to the TextPart Two: In

42、-Class Reading Detailed Reading 7. A loser is held back by his low capacity to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior.A loser is prevented from succeeding by his inability to let people know his thoughts and feelings in different situations.失敗者不善于通過一系列可能采取的作為來恰當(dāng)?shù)卣故≌?/p>

43、不善于通過一系列可能采取的作為來恰當(dāng)?shù)卣宫F(xiàn)自己，這阻礙了他獲得成功?，F(xiàn)自己，這阻礙了他獲得成功。The phrase “hold back” means “prevent someone from improving or developing (阻礙，阻礙， 抑制抑制)”. The phrase “a range of” means “a variety of things of a particular type”.TranslationCommentsParaphraseTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class R

44、eading Detailed Reading 1. They felt the economy was being held back by excessive government controls.2. Do you think that mixed-ability classes hold back the better students?3. The hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services.4. There is a full range of activities for children. ExamplesBack

45、 to the TextBack to the TextPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 8. He may be unaware of other choices for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere.如果他所選擇的生活道路毫無前途的話，他可能不如果他所選擇的生活道路毫無前途的話，他可能不知道對自己的生活還可以有其他的選擇。知道對自己的生活還可以有其他的選擇。 The expression “go/get nowhere” means “make no progress or h

46、ave no success”. Another similar expression “get sb. nowhere” means “make sb. fail to achieve success or to make progress”.1. We discussed it all morning but got nowhere.2. The proposal went nowhere in the Senate.3. Talking to him will get you nowhere.4. I soon realized that being tough was getting

47、me nowhere.TranslationCommentsExamplesBack to the TextBack to the TextUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 9. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.一個失敗者很難去愛別人，也很難得到別人的愛。一個失敗者很難去愛別人，也很難得到別人的愛。 Notice the phrase “have/experience difficulty (in) doing somethin

48、g”. Other similar expressions are as follows: have a good (hard/great/lovely etc.) time doing something There is no point in doing something. Its no use doing something. Its no fun doing something. Its no good doing something.TranslationCommentsTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Cla

49、ss Reading Detailed Reading 1.They had great difficulty in finding a replacement.2. Its no use crying over spilt milk.3. Its no fun eating on your own.4. Its no good telling himhe wont listen. 5. There is no point in getting angry.ExamplesBack to the TextBack to the TextPart Two: In-Class Reading De

50、tailed Reading Word Studyborn v.be born of/into/to sth.be born in a particular situation, type of family etc. 出生于出生于He was born of German parents. 他出生在德國血統(tǒng)家庭。他出生在德國血統(tǒng)家庭。One-third of all children are born into single-parent families.be born with sth.have a particular disease, type of character since

51、birth 天生具有天生具有 To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Jenny was born with a small hole in her heart.Each person is born with what he needs to win at life. 每個人天生具有在生活中成功的能力。每個人天生具有在生活中成功的能力。adj. having a specific natural quality or ability 天生的天生的a born leader/athlete 天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者/

52、運(yùn)動員運(yùn)動員Back to the TextBack to the Textbe born with a silver spoon in ones mouth (=be born into a rich family) 生在富貴人家生在富貴人家Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Word Studycapability n. Cthe natural ability, skill, or power that makes a machine, person, or organization able to do something, espe

53、cially something difficult 能力，才能，性能能力，才能，性能Does the company have the capability to change to meet market needs?Animals in the zoo have lost the capability of catching food for themselves.I can speak French, but simultaneous translation is beyond my capabilities.Back to the TextBack to the TextPart T

54、wo: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading limitation n.Word Study1. shortcoming or defect 局限，缺陷，弱點局限，缺陷，弱點He knows his capabilities and limitations. Despite the limitations of the survey, it did suggest some general trends.To be continued2. the condition, fact or circumstance that limits 限制因素限制因素There a

55、re also technical limitations. The government imposed limitations on exports.Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading To be continued3. act of limiting or the state of being limited 限制，限度限制，限度Both sides have agreed to sign the nuclear limitation treaty.People are calling for the limitation on the

56、 free speech for Nazis.人們呼吁對支持納粹的言論自由加人們呼吁對支持納粹的言論自由加以限制。以限制。Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading limitcf.1. point, line beyond which something cant proceed 界界限，限度限，限度The public is not allowed within a 2-mile limit of the missile site.He had not been outside the limits of the prison walls for

57、 20 years.2. amount, number or speed that is allowed 限額限額His blood alcohol level was 50% above the legal limit.There is no age limit for applicants.Back to the TextBack to the TextPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading refer to sb./sth. (as sth.) Word Studyto mention or speak about sb./sth. 提到提

58、到、說到或涉及到某說到或涉及到某人某事物人某事物 I promised not to refer to the matter again.Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.The hospital now refers to patients by name, not case number.She always referred to Ben as “that nice man”.To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Detai

59、led Reading refer to sb./sth.cf.to look at sth. or ask a person for information 向向查詢信息查詢信息You may refer to your notes if you want.You should refer to an expert.refer sb./sth. to sb./sth. to send sb./sth. to sb./sth. for help, advice or a decision 將將送交送交以求幫助以求幫助、指點指點、行動支持等行動支持等My doctor referred me t

60、o a specialist.My complaint was referred to the manufacturers.Back to the TextBack to the TextPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading dominate v.Word Study1. have or exercise control or power over 統(tǒng)治，控制，統(tǒng)治，控制，支配支配He thinks that his country wants to dominate Europe. Shes very nice, but she does t