初中英語語法第1集 名師講解+中考真題欣賞+配套練習題

1、初中英語語法第1集 名師講解+中考真題欣賞+配套練習題初中英語語法English Grammar（本集第一至三章，第一章、構詞法。第二章、名詞。第三章、冠詞。有詳細的基礎知識復習與總結；有中考真題欣賞，有答案與解析；有配套練習題及答案或者答案解析。）前言 本資料為初中英語語法，為初中英語語法學習者準備，內容具體，簡單易懂。是本人這個暑假參考語法書籍進行整編，并于暑期社會實踐初中英語家教作為教案材料?，F(xiàn)與廣大好友分享！目錄第一章 構詞法（word-formation）第二章 名詞（Nouns）第三章 冠詞（Articles）第四章 代詞（Pronouns）第五章 數詞（Numerals）第六章

2、形容詞（Adjectives）第七章 副詞（Adverbs）第八章 介詞（Prepositions）第九章 動詞（Verbs）第十章 動詞的時態(tài)（Tenses）第十一章 動詞的語態(tài)（Voices）第十二章 限定動詞與非限定動詞（Finite and Non-finite Verbs）第十三章 簡單句（The simple sentences）第十四章 It的用法（The use of “it”）第十五章 并列句（The compound sentences）第十六章 主從復合句（The complex sentences）-賓語從句第十七章 主從復合句（The complex sentence

3、s）-狀語從句第十八章 主從復合句（The complex sentences）-定語從句第一章 構詞法（word-formation）一、 構詞法（word-formation）分為轉換、派生、合成1. 轉換：常用于動詞和名詞之間的轉換1)不改變讀音、重度音節(jié)，只轉換單詞詞性e.g.單詞名 詞動 詞cook廚師；炊事員烹調；煮；燒meet集會；會遇見；碰見；會見watch手表；守衛(wèi)；觀察觀看；注視2）有些雙音節(jié)詞，作名詞時，第一個音節(jié)重度；作動詞時，第二個音節(jié)重度e.g. 名詞 動詞 increase /inkri:s/ 增加 increase /inkri:s/增加3）有些詞可以用讀音變化

4、改變詞性e.g. excuse /ikskju:s/（名）歉意；道歉；借口 excuse /ikskju:z/（動）原諒4）有些形容詞可以轉化為動詞e.g. He slowed down at the crossroad./ Please warm up the cold meat.2. 派生1） 前綴：加前綴一般不改變詞類，而只是改變原詞的詞義 構成反義詞的前綴dis- disagree disappear dislike im- impolite impossibleun- unable uncertain unhappy 一些表示特定意思的前綴down 往下 downloadkilo 千

5、 kilometre man 人，由人 man-mademis 錯誤地 mistake misunderstand re 重新，再次 rebuild retell 可以改變詞性的前綴a- 加在名詞前構成形容詞或副詞 asleep aboard asideen- 加在名詞或形容詞前構成動詞 encourage enable enrich2） 后綴：加后綴一般改變詞性 名詞后綴-an African American -er dancer driver reporter-ing feeling reading -ion action decision-ment development govern

6、ment -ness happiness sadness-or actor visitor -tion invention pronunciation-ure failure pleasure形容詞后綴-an American African -en golden wooden-ese Chinese Japanese -ful beautiful hopeful useful-ive active expensive -less careless endless useless-ly friendly -ous nervous dangerous -y dirty rainy副詞后綴 -ly

7、 carefully happily clearly數詞后綴 -teen thirteen -ty twenty -th fifth3. 合成1) 合成名詞 詞加名詞 basketball 形容詞加名詞 blackboard 動詞-ing形式+另一詞 dining-room2) 合成形容詞 形容詞+動詞-ing形式 hard-working 形容詞+過去分詞 kind-hearted 名詞+過去分詞 man-made 名詞+動詞-ing形式 man-eating peace-loving3) 合成動詞 詞+動詞 water-ski 副詞+動詞 overeat overcome 形容詞/副詞+動

8、詞 white-wash4) 合成副詞、代詞 合成副詞 upstairs beforehand 合成代詞 myself everything4. 其他構詞法 1）縮短法 telephonephone 2）前后各截部分 refrigeratorfridge 3）縮寫法*結束第二章 名詞（Nouns）一、 名詞的數：名詞復數的構成規(guī)則1） 規(guī)則復數變化多數在詞尾加-s 以s,x,ch,sh結尾的名詞加-es e.g. matchmatches 以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，改y為i，再加-es e.g. storystories 以f，fe結尾的名詞，一般把f，fe改為v，再加-es e.g. lea

9、fleaves 但也有只加-s e.g. roofroofs 以o結尾的名詞，多數加-es e.g. heroheroes 但也有只加-s e.g. pianopianos注：以 o 結尾的名詞，我們可按下面一條規(guī)律來記住它們的復數形式： 指人和農作物的加 -es、其他的加 -s （或者是有生命的加 -es，無生命的加 -s）2） 不規(guī)則變化名詞單復數同形 e.g. sheep, deer, fish單詞拼寫中變化元音字母 e.g. manmen toothteeth有些是用-en做詞尾構成復數形式 e.g. childchildren oxoxen表示某國人的單詞，單復數形式分為三種：A.單

10、復數相同 a Chinesefive ChineseB.詞尾加-s an Americanseven AmericansC變-man為-men an Englishmanten Englishmen3） 復合名詞的復數形式1.將復合名詞中的主題名詞變?yōu)閺蛿敌问?e.g. new-comernew-comers2.沒有主題名詞的，則在詞尾加-s e.g. grown-upgrown-ups3.以man或woman開頭的復合詞，名詞都要變?yōu)閺蛿敌问?e.g. man-doctormen-doctors4.其他合成的詞，只把最后一個詞變?yōu)閺蛿?eg.boy friendboy friends5.由兩

11、部分組成的物體名詞和其他一些名詞常用復數形式 e.g. trousers,clothes,scissors6.專有名詞一般為不可數名詞，但是表示某姓一家或夫婦和同名同姓若干時，用復數 e.g. The Browns have gone to the cinema.7.在做定語的合成詞中，名詞要用單數形式 e.g. an eighty-three-year-old grandpa8.以-s結尾的專有名詞有兩種情況 A表示國家、報紙等名詞看做單數 e.g. the United States B. 表示群島、山脈、瀑布、奧運會等專有名詞看做復數，謂語也用復數形式 e.g. The Alps are

12、 in Europe.名詞復數詞尾加-s或-es的讀音規(guī)則如下表構成方法讀 音例 詞在詞尾加-s1. 在清輔音后讀作/s/2. 在濁輔音后讀作/z/1.desks/desks/ map/mæps/2.miles/mailz/ seas/si:z/1.在以/s,z, , , t, d/等音結尾的詞之后加-es2.如詞尾為e，只加-s-（e）s讀作/iz/1.classes/kla:ziz/ Brushes/briz/2.pages/peidiz/如詞尾為-f或-fe，則一般變?yōu)?ves-ves讀作/vz/leafleaves/li:vz/以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，改y為i，再加-es-

13、ies讀作/iz/partyparties/pa:tiz/以元音+y結尾的名詞，加-s-s讀作/z/boys/biz/以o結尾的名詞，多數加-es-es讀作/z/Heroes/hiruz/以-th結尾的名詞，加-s1.在長元音后，-ths讀作/ðz/2.在短元音或輔音后-ths讀作/s/1.mouths/mauðz/2.months/mns/二、 名詞的種類： 普通名詞個體名詞，集體名詞（可數） 物質名詞，抽象名詞（不可數） 專有名詞1） 普通名詞是某一類人、某一類事物、某種物質或抽象概念的名詞 個體名詞：表示單個的人或物 e.g. tree樹 doctor醫(yī)生 cup杯子

14、 apple蘋果 表示一群人或一些事物的總稱e.g. crowd人群 army軍隊 class班級 family家庭 group小組，團隊 police警方 team隊 public公眾 物質名詞：表示無法分為個體的物質 e.g. tea茶 paper紙 snow雪 cloth布 wood木頭 sugar糖 meat肉 sand沙 ink墨水 coffee咖啡 抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質、感情等方面的抽象概念 e.g. happiness幸福 work工作 music音樂 experience經歷 pride驕傲 failure失敗 protection保護2） 專有名詞3） 可數名詞和不

15、可數名詞可數名詞：其所表示的事物可以用數來計算，前面可用不定冠詞a，an和數詞，有復數形式不可數名詞：其所表示的事物不可以用數來計算，前面不能用不定冠詞a，an和數詞，沒有復數形式。需表示數量時， 表示量的詞或短語a piece of 一片，一塊 a cup of一杯 a bottle of一瓶a bag of一袋 a glass of一玻璃杯 1、 只用于可數的名詞 個體名詞一般是可數的。單數可數名詞不能獨立使用，前面必須有限定詞a，an，the，my等；但復數名詞可以獨立使用 e.g. 她做作業(yè)時，經常出差錯。錯 She often makes mistake in her homewor

16、k. 對 She often makes a mistake in her homework. 對 She often makes (some) mistakes in her homework. Pandas are found in Sichuan.熊貓生在四川。2、 只用于不可數名詞 物質名詞、抽象名詞一般是不可數名詞 e.g. How much meat, fish and bread do you want?3、 既可以用于可數也可以用于不可數的名詞 一些名詞看做個體時為可數名詞，看做物質或空間時為不可數名詞e.g. How many chickens have they got?

17、她們有多少只雞？（個體） Would you like some chicken? 你要吃點雞肉嗎？（物質）e.g. Leave a space after that word. 在那個詞后面留個空。（個體） The moon is quite near in space. 在太空中月亮離我們很近。（空間） 一些不可數名詞在表示某些特殊意義時，可以用作可數名詞 e.g. I want an evening paper.我要一張晚報。 Its a pleasure to meet you.見到你是件高興的事。 4、集體名詞的可數與不可數1）表示無生命的集體名詞通常是不可數的 e.g. They

18、wear very little clothing.他們衣服穿得很少。注：hair泛指頭發(fā)/fruit泛指水果等，是集體名詞，不可數；如果指單個的則是個體名詞 e.g. Go and have your hair cut.去把頭發(fā)理一理。 He has a few white hairs.他有幾根白頭發(fā)。2）有些有生命的集體名詞，復數詞尾不加s，而謂語動詞用復數形式 e.g. The Chinese people are very friendly.中國人民很友好。 注：當people意為“民族”時，單數前加不定冠詞a，復數后加s；policeman指具體某個警察時為個體名詞，可數的。5、有的

19、集合名詞，有時作單數看，謂語用單數；有時作復數看，用復數。一般來說，視為整體時作單數看，提及它的成員時作復數看。 e.g. His family isnt large.他家不大。（指整個家庭，作單數看） His family are all music lovers.他家的人都喜歡音樂。（指家庭成員，作復數看）三、 名詞的格1） 名詞所有格的構成法 在單數名詞和不以s結尾的復數名詞后面加“s” e.g. my mothers room the childrens book 以s結尾的單數名詞后面加“”或“s”均可 e.g.my boss/bosss office 以s結尾的復數名詞后只需加“”

20、 e.g. the ladies room 復合名詞的所有格，是在后面的一個名詞后加“s” e.g. an hour and a halfs talk his brother-in-laws photo 如果一樣東西為幾個人所共有，則在最后一個名詞后加s；如果不是共有，則在每個名詞后都加se.g. These are Tom and Jacks books.（兩個人共有）/These are Toms and Jacks books.2） 名詞所有格的用法 名詞所有格主要用于表示人或有生命的名詞 用于由人組成的集體名詞 e.g. the Partys call黨的號召 也可用于一些表示無生命東

21、西的名詞后A、用于表示時間的名詞 e.g. It was a summers morning.B、用于表示距離、價格的名詞后 e.g. Its about an hours drive from here.C、用于表示國家、城市等地方的名詞 e.g. Its the citys finest park.3） 名詞所有格所修飾詞的省略 表示住處、店鋪等地點名詞?？墒÷?e.g. Im going to my aunts tonight.(my aunts=my aunts house) 所有格所修飾的詞，如剛剛提到則可以省略，以避免重復 e.g.Whose seat is this? Its M

22、arys.4） 表示所有關系的of短語的用法 用of短語表示所有關系，主要用于無生命的東西 e.g. the door of the room 有時of短語也可以用于表示有生命的東西 e.g. the son of an engineer5） 雙重所有格的用法雙重所有格是一種表示部分概念或含有感情色彩的結構，它含有強調或者突出的作用，其結構是“of短語+名詞所有格”，其含義是“其中之一”或“其中一部分”e.g. an old friend of my fathers=one of my fathers old friends注：有時雙重所有格與“of+名詞”結構含義不同，e.g. a pict

23、ure of Lis 李所有照片的一張 a picture of Li 李的一張肖像 He is a friend of your husbands.他是你丈夫的一個朋友。（強調你丈夫的朋友不止一個） He is a friend of your husband.他是你丈夫的朋友。（強調他對你丈夫的友好）*2012中考真題欣賞【2012湖北隨州】21. The _ often eat grass on the hill. A. chicken B. horse C. cow D. sheep 【答案】D【解析】選D。此題考查名詞的可數與不可數。Chicken，horse和cow的復數形式應該加

24、s,而sheep的單復數形式相同，同時動詞eat說明應該填復數形式，由此選D。 【2012貴州貴陽】34. “What do we need for the salad?” “We need two apples and three _.” A. orange B. tomatoes C. broccoli【答案】B考查名詞的用法。orange意為“橘子”，是可數名詞；tomato意為“西紅柿”，是可數名詞；broccoli意為“西蘭花”，是不可數名詞。根據句意：你們的沙拉還需要些什么？我們需要兩個蘋果和三個西紅柿。故選B.【2012貴州畢節(jié)】28. I have _ in learning

25、English and Im so worried. Could you help me with it?Sure, Id love to.A. joy B. interest C. trouble D. fun【答案】C考查名詞的辨析。joy“快樂”；interest“興趣”；trouble“困難”；fun“有趣”。根據“我很擔心”以及“你可以幫助我嗎”可知此處表示“我英語學習有困難”，故選C。【2012.安徽省】46. The man tried several times to start the car, and he succeeded_. A. in the pastB. in t

26、he endC. at firstD. at once【答案】B 【2012廣東】28. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike's farm and saw many_ there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. Rabbit【答案】C【2012廣西玉林】32. The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _ from it.A. thing B. message C. informations D. information【答案】D 【2012廣西玉林】36. What is

27、your favorite food? I like _ best. I had a large bowl last night. A. potato noodle B. potatoes noodles C. potato noodles D. potatoes noodles 【答案】C 【2012貴州安順】12. Could you please give some _ to the _ teachers?Aadvice; manBadvices; menCsuggestion; manDsuggestions; men【答案】D 【2012貴州畢節(jié)】22. Could you plea

28、se pass me something to eat?What about some _?A. water B. orange C. fish D. tea【答案】C 考查名詞的辨析。water“水”；orange“橘子汁；桔子”；fish“魚”；tea“茶”。根據something to eat可以判斷屬于吃的東西只有fish，故選C?！?012貴州銅仁】25. Could you tell me whats the _ of it? Well, its an oval.A. timeB. date C. shape D. size【答案】C【解析】此題考查詞義辨析。time“時間”，da

29、te“日期”，shape”形狀”，his“尺寸”，根據答句句意：它是一個橢圓。故問句應該是問形狀的。故選C。 【解析】此題考查數詞。根據句意：今年大約五分之三的九年級學生出生在九十年代。分數的分子用基數詞，分母為序數詞。分子不是一的，分母序數詞加S。表示年代的要在后面加“s”。故選B?！?011湖北恩施】21. How far is it from your home to school?Its about twenty _ walk.A. minutesB. minutesC. minutes【答案】B【2012湖北十堰】28. Heres Lucys plan for one week d

30、uring her summer vacation. What kind of plan is this?A. A trip planB. A party planC. An eating plan D. An exercise plan【答案】C【2012·湖北·武漢】33. If by any chance Peter comes to us ,please ask him to leave a _.A.letter B.sentenceC.message D.notice【答案】C【2012湖北咸寧】23.Mrs. Zhang was sent to teach En

31、glish in a poor mountain village last year. She said she would never forget some pleasant _while working there.A. experiments B. expressions C. experiences D. emotions【答案】C 【2012湖北孝感】24. I think computers are very useful. They can help us get much on the Internet.A. game B. information C. idea D. me

32、ssage【答案】B【2012湖北孝感】25. Several years ago, people knew Yao Ming. But now he is well-known all over the world, not only in China. A. few B. little C. many D. most【答案】A【2012湖北宜昌】31. Do you know the of the Confucius Institutes（學院）around the world? More than three hundred, I guess. A. list B. name C. nu

33、mber D. country【答案】C【2012湖北宜昌】32. China is beginning to test the air quality with the new standard（標準）PM2.5. Good news! Then the old PM10 standard will be . A. out of style B. here and there C. on the way D. in a hurry【答案】A 【2012湖南懷化】【答案】A【2011湖南株洲】22. Bananas, apples and oranges are all _.A. fruits

34、 B. vegetables C. drinks【答案】A考查名詞辨析。fruits意為“水果”；vegetables意為“蔬菜”；drinks意為“飲料”。根據句意“香蕉蘋果和橘子都是水果?！惫蔬xA?！?012江蘇淮安】7. Lin Shuhao is one of the best basketball in NBA. A. actorsB. players C. waitersD. writers【答案】B【2012江蘇南京】3. -Could you tell me how to remember new words quickly? -Yes, I think a tree can

35、help you a lot. A. grammar B. equation C. punctuation D. vocabulary【答案】D 【2012江蘇無錫】1. The action film has attracted millions of young people to the cinema.A. 130-minuteB. 130-minutesC. 130 minuteD.130 minutes【答案】A 【2012江蘇無錫】9. Jason is too stubborn sometimes. I quite . But hes always friendly to oth

36、ers.A. acceptB. argueC. agreeD. admire【答案】C【2012江蘇無錫】12.Mans understanding of nature is developing . It never stays at the same level.A. at the right timeB. for the first timeC. from time to timeD. all the time【答案】D【2012江蘇宿遷】8. Where can I buy some books, Simon?Go to the in the shopping mall in Old

37、Street. You will find many books there.A. restaurant B. bookshop C. cinema D. library【答案】B【2012江蘇揚州】4.Wish you a pleasant journey! Thanks! Ill give you a as soon as I arrive in Paris.A. ringB. hand C. rideD. present 【答案】A【2012江蘇揚州】5. We all know that paper burns in .A. COB. NC. OD. CO【答案】C【2012江蘇鎮(zhèn)江】

38、10. - Mr Li was sent to teach Chinese in an American high school last year. - Yes, I know. He told me he would never forget his pleasant _ while working there,A. experiments B. expressions C. experiences D. explorations【答案】C【2012江西】27. If you go to visit London, dont forget your _ because it rains a

39、 lot.A. passport B. money C. map D. unbrella【答案】D 【2012遼寧大連】10.The _ of the great book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, is Mark Twain.  A.theme  B.price  C.owner  D.writer【答案】D【2012遼寧大連】6.Liu&

40、#160;Xiang won the first Olympic gold _ in the 110m hurdles for China.  A.medal  B.prize    C.symbol D.record【答案】A【2012年廣東省】28. The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _there. A.

41、bird B.duck C. sheep D. rabbit【答案】C*配套練習題及答案選擇填空： 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. The _ of machine made us feel sick.

42、A. voice B. noise C. sound D. noises 4. The blouse is made of _. A. a wool B. these wood C. wools D. wool 5. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 6. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day 7

43、. _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan 8. Miss Green is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers D. mothers of Mary 9. Tom is _. He will come to see me. A. my a friend B. a friend C. mine friend D. a friend of

44、 mine 10. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 11. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 12. Its a long _ to Paris. Its two thousand kilometers. A. street B. road C. way D.

45、 end 13. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 14. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 15. Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 16. Beijing is one of the biggest _ in the world. A.

46、citys B. city C. cityes D. cities 17. - Wheres Mr. White? - Hes in _. A. the room 202 B. Room 202 C. the Room 202 D. room 202 18. Shops, hospitals and schools are all _. A. places B. homes C. rooms D. buildings 19. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walks B. 20 minutes wa

47、lk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk 20. -Are these _? - No, they arent. Theyre _. A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 21. There are many _ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 22. - Whose room is this? - Its _. A. Li Ming B. Li Mings C. Li Mings D. Li Mings 23. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 24. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 25. I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 26. Whats the Ch