第三版新視野大學(xué)英語第二冊課文翻譯(共14頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit 1An impressive English lesson1If I am the only parent who still corrects his childs English, then perhaps my son is right.To him, I am atediousoddity: a father he is obligedto listen to and a manabsorbedin the rules of grammar, which my son seemsallergicto.2I think I got serious ab

2、out this only recently when I ran into one of my former students, fresh from anexcursionto Europe.How was it? I asked, full ofearnestanticipation.3She nodded three or four times, searched the heavens for the right words, and thenexclaimed, It was, like,whoa!4And that was it.Thecivilizationof Greece

3、and the glory of Romanarchitecturewerecapturedin acondensednon-statement.My students whoa! wasexceededonly by my head-shakingdistress.5There are many different stories about the downturn in the proper use of English.Surely students should be able todistinguish betweentheir/there/theyreor thedistinct

4、ivedifference betweencomplimentaryandcomplementary.They unfairly bear thebulkof the criticismfor these knowledgedeficitsbecause there is a sense that they should know better.6Students are notdumb, but they are being misled everywhere they look and listen.For example, signs ingrocerystores point them

5、 to thestationary, even though the actualstationeryitems pads,albumsand notebooks are not nailed down.Friends and loved ones oftenproclaimtheyve justatewhen, in fact, theyve justeaten.Therefore, it doesnt make any sense to criticize our students.7Blame for thescandalof this language deficit should b

6、ethrustupon our schools, which should be setting high standards of English languageproficiency.Instead, they only teach a little grammar and even less advanced vocabulary.Moreover, the younger teachers themselvesevidentlyhave little knowledge of these vital structures of language because they also w

7、ent withoutexposureto them. Schools fail toadequatelyteach the essential framework of language, accurate grammar and proper vocabulary, while they should take the responsibility of pushing the young onto the path ofcompetentcommunication.8Since grammar is boring to most of the young students, I thin

8、k that it must be handled delicately, step by step.The chance came when one day I was driving with my son.As we set out on our trip, he noticed a bird injerkyflight and said, Its flying so unsteady.I carefully asked, My son, how is the bird flying?Whats wrong? Did I say anything incorrectly?He got l

9、ost.Great! You said incorrectlyinstead ofincorrect. We use adverbs to describe verbs. Therefore, its flying sounsteadilybut not sounsteady.9Curious about my correction, he asked me what an adverb was.Slowly, I said, Its a word that tells you something about a verb.It led to his asking me what a verb

10、 was.I explained, Verbs are action words; for example, Dad drives the truck.Driveis the verb because its the thing Dad is doing.10 He became attracted to the idea of action words, so we listed a few more:fly, swim, dive, run.Then, out of his own curiosity, he asked me if other words had names for th

11、eir use andfunctions.This led to a discussion of nouns, adjectives, and articles.Within the spanof a 10-minute drive, he had learned fromscratchto the major parts of speech in a sentence.It was painless learning and great fun!11Perhaps, language should be looked upon as a road map and a valuable pos

12、session: often study the road map (check grammar) andtuneup the car engine (adjustvocabulary).Learning grammar and a good vocabulary is just like driving with a road map in a well-conditioned car.12The road map provides the framework and guidance you need for your trip, but it wont tell you exactly

13、what trees or flowers you will see, what kind of people you will encounter, or what types of feelings you will be experiencing on your journey.Here, the vocabulary makes the journeys true colors come alive!A good vocabulary enables you to enjoy whatever you see as you drive along.Equipped with gramm

14、ar and a good vocabulary, you have flexibility and excellent control.While the road map guides your journey to your destination, an excellent vehicle helps you to fully enjoy all of the sights, sounds and experiences along the way.13Effective,precise, andbeneficialcommunication depends upon grammar

15、and a good vocabulary, the two essentialassetsfor students, but they are not being taught in schools.14Just this morning, my son and I were eating breakfast when I attempted to add milk to my tea.Dad, he said, If I were you, I wouldnt do that. Itssour.15Oh my!I said, swelling with pride toward my so

16、n, Thats a grammatically perfect sentence. You usedwereinstead ofwas.16I know, I know, he said with a long agreeable sigh. Its thesubjunctivemood.17I was, like, whoa!Translation一堂難忘的英語課1 如果我是唯一一個(gè)還在糾正小孩英語的家長，那么我兒子也許是對的。對他而言，我是一個(gè)乏味的怪物：一個(gè)他不得不聽其教誨的父親，一個(gè)還沉湎于語法規(guī)則的人，對此我兒子似乎頗為反感。2 我覺得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位學(xué)生時(shí)，才開始對這個(gè)

17、問題認(rèn)真起來的。這個(gè)學(xué)生剛從歐洲旅游回來。我滿懷著誠摯期待問她：“歐洲之行如何？”3 她點(diǎn)了三四下頭，絞盡腦汁，苦苦尋找恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，然后驚呼：“真是，哇！”4 沒了。所有希臘文明和羅馬建筑的輝煌居然囊括于一個(gè)濃縮的、不完整的語句之中！我的學(xué)生以“哇！”來表示她的驚嘆，我只能以搖頭表達(dá)比之更強(qiáng)烈的憂慮。5 關(guān)于正確使用英語能力下降的問題，有許多不同的故事。學(xué)生的確本應(yīng)該能夠區(qū)分諸如their/there/theyre之間的不同，或區(qū)別complimentary 跟complementary之間顯而易見的差異。由于這些知識缺陷，他們承受著大部分不該承受的批評和指責(zé)，因?yàn)檩浾撜J(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該學(xué)得更好。6

18、 學(xué)生并不笨，他們只是被周圍所看到和聽到的語言誤導(dǎo)了。舉例來說，雜貨店的指示牌會把他們引向stationary（靜止處），雖然便箋本、相冊、和筆記本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并沒有被釘在那兒。朋友和親人常宣稱 Theyve just ate。實(shí)際上，他們應(yīng)該說 Theyve just eaten。因此，批評學(xué)生不合乎情理。7 對這種缺乏語言功底而引起的負(fù)面指責(zé)應(yīng)歸咎于我們的學(xué)校。學(xué)校應(yīng)對英語熟練程度制定出更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。可相反，學(xué)校只教零星的語法，高級詞匯更是少之又少。還有就是，學(xué)校的年輕教師顯然缺乏這些重要的語言結(jié)構(gòu)方面的知識，因?yàn)樗麄冞^去也沒接觸過。學(xué)校有責(zé)任教會年輕人進(jìn)行有效的

19、語言溝通，可他們并沒把語言的基本框架準(zhǔn)確的語法和恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯充分地傳授給學(xué)生。8 因?yàn)檎Z法對大多數(shù)年輕學(xué)生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我覺得講授語法得一步一步、注重技巧地進(jìn)行。有一天機(jī)會來了。我跟兒子開車外出。我們出發(fā)時(shí)，他看到一只小鳥飛得很不穩(wěn)，就說：“它飛的不穩(wěn)?！保↖ts flying so unsteady.）我小心翼翼地問：“兒子，鳥怎么飛?”“有問題嗎？我說得不對嗎？（Did I say anything incorrectly?）”他一頭霧水?！疤昧耍?你說的是incorrectly而不是incorrect。我們用副詞來描述動詞。所以，要用unsteadily來描述鳥飛 ，而不是unst

20、eady?！? 他對我的糾正很好奇，就問我什么是副詞。我慢慢解釋道：“副詞是用來修飾動詞的詞?！边@又導(dǎo)致了他詢問我什么是動詞。我解釋說：“動詞是表示行為的詞，例如：爸爸開卡車。開是動詞，因?yàn)樗前职衷谧龅氖??！?0 他開始對表示行為的詞產(chǎn)生興趣，所以我們又羅列了幾個(gè)動詞：“飛行”、“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”。然后，他又好奇地問我，其他的詞有沒有說明它們的用法和功能的名稱。這就引發(fā)了我們對名詞、形容詞和冠詞的討論。在短短十分鐘的駕駛時(shí)間內(nèi)，他從對語法一無所知到學(xué)會了句子中主要詞語的詞性。這是一次毫無痛苦而又非常有趣的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。11 也許，語言應(yīng)該被看成是一張路線圖和一件珍品：我們要常常查看路線

21、圖（核對語法）和調(diào)整汽車的引擎（調(diào)節(jié)詞匯）。學(xué)好語法和掌握大量的詞匯就好比拿著路線圖在車況良好的車?yán)锺{駛。12 路線圖為你的旅行提供所需的基本路線和路途指南，可是它不會告訴你一路上你究竟會看見什么樹或什么花，你會遇見什么樣的人，或會有什么樣的感受。這里，詞匯會使你的旅途變得五彩繽紛、栩栩如生。大量的詞匯讓你享受到開車途中所見的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴。借助語法和豐富的詞匯，你就有了靈活性，掌控自如。路線圖會把你帶到目的地，而一臺好車卻能讓你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、聲音及經(jīng)歷之中。13 對學(xué)生來說，有效、準(zhǔn)確且富有成效的溝通技能取決于語法和詞匯這兩大有利條件，可是學(xué)校并沒有教他們這些。14 就在今天早上，我跟

22、兒子吃早飯時(shí)，我想把牛奶加入我的茶里?！鞍职?，” 他說，“如果我是你的話，我不會這樣做。牛奶會變酸。（If I were you, I wouldnt do that. Its sour.）”15 “哦，上帝！”我滿懷著無比的驕傲說道，“這是一句語法完全正確的句子。你用了were而不是was?！?6 “我知道，我知道，”他愉悅地舒了口氣，“這是虛擬語氣！”17 這下輪到我“哇！”了。Unit 2The humanities: Out of date?1When the going gets tough, the tough takeaccounting.When the job market

23、worsens, many studentscalculatethey cant major in English or history.They have to study something thatbooststheirprospectsof landing a job.2The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition, they havedefectedfrom the study of the humanities and towardapplied

24、science and hard skills that theybetwill lead to employment.In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment.This is a trend that is likely to persistand evenaccelerate.3Over the next few years, as labor markets str

25、uggle, the humanities will probably continue their long slide insuccession.There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion ofliberalarts majors over the past generation, and it islogicalto think that the trend isboundto continue or even accelerate.Once thedominantpillarsof universi

26、ty life, the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours.These days, labs are morevividandcompellingthan libraries.4Here, please allow me to stand up for andpromotethe true value that the humanities add to peoples lives.Since ancient times, people havespeculatedabout them

27、ysteryof those inner forces that drive some people to greatness and others toself-destruction. This inner drive has been called many things over the centuries.The famous psychologist,Sigmund Freud, called it the unconscious mind or, more familiarly, instinct.5From the beginning of time, this inner a

28、spect of our being, this drive that can be constructive ordestructive, has captured our imagination.The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis of cultures the world over.Historians,architects, authors, philosophersand artists have captured the words, images and meanings of this inner

29、 struggle in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture,landscapeand traditions.These men and women developed artistic languages that help us understand these aspirations and also educate generations.Thisfertilebody of work from ancient times, the very foundation of civilizati

30、on, forms the basis of study of the humanities.6Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write.No matter what we do in life, we will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning.We will have a bright career if we are the person in the office who can

31、 write a clear andelegantanalysisof those ideas!7Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process.In an information economy, many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new MP3 player.Yet, very few people have the ability to creat

32、e a spectacularbrand: the iPod.Most importantly, studying the humanitiesinvestsus with greatinsightand self-awareness,there by releasing our creative energy and talent in a positive and constructive manner.8Perhaps the best argument in favor of the humanities is thescopeof possibilities that are wid

33、ely open to us.Did you know that James Cameron, world-famous director of the movie,Titanic, graduated with a degree in the humanities?So didSally Ride, the first woman in space.So did actorsBruce Lee,Gwyneth Paltrow,Renee ZellwegerandMatt Damon.Dr.Harold Varmus, who won a Nobel Prize for Medicine, s

34、tudied the humanities.EvenMichael Eisner, Chairman of the Disney Company, majored in the humanities. Famous people who studied the humanities make a long list indeed.Its easy to see that the humanities can prepare us for many different careers and jobs we canundertake, whether medicine, business, sc

35、ience or entertainment.If we study only mathematics, its likely we will be acandidateonly for jobs as a mathematician.If we include studying the humanities, we can makebreakthroughson manybarriersand are limited only by our effort and imagination.9Of course, nowadays, if we study the humanities alon

36、e, we areliableto miss many opportunities.Each one of us needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible to help meet the needs of modern life.In fact, increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge and inner insight is seen as the ideal in theestablishmentof a career.If I were

37、theDeanof Admissions at a medical school and two people applied to our school, both having the required basic scientific courses, one a philosophy major and the othersolelya pre-med student, the philosophy applicant would be chosen.10In summary, the humanities help to create well-rounded human being

38、s with insight and understanding of the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity.The humanities, the ancient timelessreservoirof knowledge, teach us to see things differently and broaden our horizons.They are as useful and relevant in our modern age as they have always been.Doesnt it make s

39、ense to spend some time in the company of the humanities, ouroutstandingand remarkable treasure of knowledge?Who knows how famous YOU might become!Translation人文學(xué)科：過時(shí)了嗎？1 當(dāng)形勢變得困難時(shí)，強(qiáng)者會去選學(xué)會計(jì)。當(dāng)就業(yè)市場惡化時(shí)，許多學(xué)生估算著他們不能再主修英語或歷史。他們得學(xué)一些能改善他們就業(yè)前景的東西。2 數(shù)據(jù)顯示，隨著學(xué)生肩負(fù)的學(xué)費(fèi)不斷增加，他們已從學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科轉(zhuǎn)向他們相信有益于將來就業(yè)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)和“硬”技能。換言之，大學(xué)教育

40、越來越被看成是改善經(jīng)濟(jì)而不是提升人類自身的手段。這種趨勢可能會持續(xù)，甚至有加快之勢。3 在未來幾年內(nèi)，由于勞動力市場的不景氣，人文學(xué)科可能會繼續(xù)其長期低迷的態(tài)勢。在上一代大學(xué)生中，主修文科的學(xué)生數(shù)跌幅已近50%。這種趨勢會持續(xù)、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的。人文學(xué)科曾是大學(xué)生活的重要支柱，而今在學(xué)生們的大學(xué)游中卻只是一個(gè)小點(diǎn)綴?，F(xiàn)在，實(shí)驗(yàn)室要比圖書館更栩栩如生、受人青睞。4 在這兒，請?jiān)试S我為人文學(xué)科給人們的生活所增添的真實(shí)價(jià)值進(jìn)行支持和宣傳。自古以來，人們一直在思索人類自身具有什么神奇的內(nèi)力使一些人變得崇高偉大，而使另一些人走向自我毀滅。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，這股內(nèi)力被稱作很多東西。著名的心理學(xué)家西格

41、蒙德弗洛伊德稱之為“潛意識”，或更為人熟知的“本能”。5 從一開始，人類這股可以是建設(shè)性也可以是毀滅性的內(nèi)在驅(qū)動力，就令我們心馳神往。這些驚人的、充滿內(nèi)心掙扎的故事形成了世界文化的基礎(chǔ)。歷史學(xué)家、建筑師、作家、哲學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家們以故事、音樂、神話、繪畫、建筑、雕刻、風(fēng)景畫和傳統(tǒng)的形式，捕捉到了這些撞擊心靈的文字、形象及內(nèi)涵。這些男男女女創(chuàng)造出了具有藝術(shù)性的“語言”，幫助我們了解人類的這些強(qiáng)烈愿望，并用以教育一代又一代人。從古時(shí)起開始的這些充滿想象的大量作品，正是文明的底蘊(yùn)，它奠定了人文研究的基礎(chǔ)。6 學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科會提高我們的閱讀和寫作能力。無論我們這一生中從事什么職業(yè)，如果我們能讀懂復(fù)雜的思想并

42、理解它們的內(nèi)涵，我們都會受益匪淺。如果我們是在辦公室里能對這些思想寫出既明確又簡潔的分析的人，我們會有光明的職業(yè)前景。7 學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科會讓我們熟悉表達(dá)情感的語言及進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造的過程。在信息經(jīng)濟(jì)中，很多人都有能力創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)如新的MP3播放器那樣的有用產(chǎn)品。然而，僅有很少的人具有能力創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)如iPod那樣的精彩品牌。最重要的是，學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科使我們具有偉大的洞察力和自我意識，從而以積極和建設(shè)性的方式來發(fā)揮我們的創(chuàng)造力和才藝。8 也許，支持人文學(xué)科的最好論點(diǎn)是，人文學(xué)科為我們提供了廣闊的機(jī)會。你知道世界聞名的電影泰坦尼克號的導(dǎo)演詹姆斯卡梅隆拿的是人文學(xué)科的學(xué)位嗎？第一個(gè)登上太空的女宇航員薩利賴德拿的也是

43、人文學(xué)科的學(xué)位。還有電影演員李小龍、格溫妮絲帕特洛、蕾妮齊薇格及馬特達(dá)蒙，也都如此。獲諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的哈羅德瓦慕斯博士也學(xué)過人文學(xué)科。甚至迪士尼公司的總裁邁克爾艾斯納也主修人文學(xué)科。學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科的有名人士確實(shí)可以列出一長串。顯而易見，人文學(xué)能為我們從事許多不同的職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備，不管是醫(yī)學(xué)、商務(wù)、科學(xué)或娛樂。如果我們僅學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)，我們很可能只能申請數(shù)學(xué)家之類的工作。如果我們還學(xué)了人文學(xué)科，那我們就能突破許多障礙，只要我們愿意付出努力，敢于想象。9 當(dāng)然，在當(dāng)下，如果我們單學(xué)人文學(xué)科，可能會失去很多機(jī)會。我們每個(gè)人都需要盡可能變得技能化、職業(yè)化，以滿足現(xiàn)代生活的需要。事實(shí)上，技術(shù)知識和內(nèi)在洞察力的結(jié)合越來

44、越被看成是建立職業(yè)生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)院的招生部主任，有兩個(gè)人同時(shí)申請我們學(xué)校，這兩個(gè)人都學(xué)過基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)課程，一個(gè)主修哲學(xué)，另一個(gè)僅是醫(yī)學(xué)院的預(yù)科生，我會選擇那位哲學(xué)專業(yè)的申請者。10 總之，人文學(xué)科幫助造就全面發(fā)展的人，這些人具有洞察力，并理解全人類共有的激情、希望和理想。人文學(xué)科，這個(gè)古老、永恒的知識儲蓄庫，教我們?nèi)绾我圆煌姆绞娇创挛?，同時(shí)也拓寬我們的視野。在現(xiàn)代社會中，人文學(xué)科一如既往地同生活息息相關(guān)，也發(fā)揮著重要作用。我們在學(xué)習(xí)中花一些時(shí)間與人文學(xué)科我們杰出、非凡的知識寶藏相伴，這難道不是明智的嗎？誰知道你將來會變得多有名氣呢！Unit 5Spend or save T

45、he students dilemma1Do you feel as confused andmanipulatedas I do with this question, Should I spend or should I save?I think that the messages we get from our environment seem todefycommon sense andcontradicteach other.The government tells us to spend or well never get out of therecession.At the sa

46、me time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is ingravedanger.Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings.Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more.2Heres another familiar example: If we dont pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding,nas

47、tyemails from the credit card company saying something like: Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or youll be in trouble!Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charmingtonetelling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us toresumespending. Whichdepictionis

48、correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer?Thegapbetween these two messages is enormous.3Theparadoxis that every day we get two sets of messages atoddswith each other.One is the permissiveperspective, Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!The other we could call anuprightmessage, wh

49、ichurgesus, Work hard and save.Suspendyour desires. Avoid luxuries. Control yourappetitefor more than you truly need.This message comes to us from many sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures referring to traditional values.Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postp

50、one desires are core American values that have made our country great.4But the opposite message, advertisings permissive message, is inescapable.Though sometimesdisguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on TV, in movies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and on busses, trains and subw

51、ays.Advertisements invadeour daily lives.We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend.Someone recently said, The only time you can escape advertising is when youre in your bed asleep!5Its been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by

52、 the age of 40, the total is almost one million.Each advertisement is doing itsutmostto influence our diverse buying decisions, from the breakfastcerealwe eat to which cruiseline we will use for our vacation.There is noshortageof ideas and things to buy!Now, of course, we dont remember exactly what

53、the products were, but the essential message iscementedinto our consciousness, Its good to satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it now!A famous advertisement said it perfectly, I love me. Im a good friend to myself. I do what makes me feel goo

54、d. Iderivepleasure from nice things and feelnourishedby them. I used to put things off. Not anymore. Today Ill buy new ski equipment, look at newcompactcars, and buy that camera Ive always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow.6What happens as we take in these contradictory butexplicitmessage

55、s?What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits?On one hand, we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite.Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves.On the other hand, a little voice inside usechoesthose upright mes

56、sages: Watch out, take stockof your life, dont let your attention getscattered. Postpone your desires. Dont fall into debt. Wait!Retaincontrol over your own life. It will make you stronger.7Anyway, many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances.Consider your fina

57、ncialwell-beingas a keyingredientof your university education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting.They can make you feel terrible andhinderyour ability to focus on your prime objective: successfully completing your education.8How can you be a smart and educated consumer?Many schools, community organizations, and even some banks offer financial literacy classes.Considerconsultingwith your schools financial aid office or seekinputfrom your parents or other respected adult