2020年中考英語語法高頻考點(diǎn)專題六動(dòng)詞附答案

1、2020年中考英語語法高頻考點(diǎn)專題六動(dòng)詞高頻考點(diǎn)巧突破淤考點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞及其分類分類動(dòng)詞主要功能是充當(dāng)謂語，用來表示主語做什么（即行為動(dòng)詞），或表示主語是什么或怎么樣（即狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的詞，例如：Theboyrunsfast.（這個(gè)男孩跑得快。）runs表示主語的行為Heisaboy.（他是個(gè)男孩。）is與后面白表語aboy表示主語的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以按照含義及它們?cè)诰渲械淖饔梅殖伤念?，即連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞（也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）。充當(dāng)謂語系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)助動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立充當(dāng)謂語系動(dòng)詞+表語J1情態(tài)動(dòng)+動(dòng)詞原形Jf助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形K點(diǎn)二、系動(dòng)詞的用法連系動(dòng)詞是表示主語是什么”或怎么樣”的詞，它雖有詞義，但不

2、完整，所以不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須跟表語J起構(gòu)成合成謂語。連系動(dòng)詞可具體分為三類：1、表示是"的動(dòng)詞be。它在不同的主語后面和不同的時(shí)態(tài)中有不同的形式。如：Hewasasoldiertwoyearsago.（兩年前他是個(gè)士兵。）WeareChinese.（我們是中國人。）2、表示變"、變成”的意思的詞，如become,get,grow,turn,都解釋為變“、變得"，例如：Shebecameacollegestudent.（她成了一名大學(xué)生。）Hefeelssick.Hisfaceturnswhite.（他感到不舒服，他的臉色變蒼白了。）3、表示感覺”的詞，如look

3、（看起來），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來）等，例如：Thestorysoundsinteresting.（這個(gè)故事聽起來很有趣。）Theflowerssmellsweet.（這些花聞起來很香。）常接形容詞作表語主謂be動(dòng)詞become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,sta官動(dòng)詞be+adv.+adj如何是"11|look,sound,taste,smell,feel考點(diǎn)三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法這類詞本身雖有意義，但不完整。它們表示說話人的能力、說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，如可能“、應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。這類動(dòng)詞有can,may,must,need,dare,could,might

4、等。它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與行為動(dòng)詞（原形）一起作謂語，表示完整的意思。構(gòu)成疑問句時(shí)，通常放在主語前面；構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，not放在這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后?？捎盟鼈兊目s寫形式（can't,cannot,mustn等）t。例如：Icandance.（我會(huì)跳舞。）can,能，會(huì)Hecan'twalkbecauseheisababy因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)嬰兒，不會(huì)走路。）can'爵必MayIcomein?（我可以進(jìn)來嗎？）may,可以may答語:肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,youcan.否定Sorry,butyoucan't/mustnt情態(tài)動(dòng)詞必須

5、“MustI?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.|不可能"can't卜|.CZ-7二一.二.r不得不DoIhaveto.»es,youmust.No,youneedn't/don'thaVeto.需要”實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：notneedtodosth.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：needn'tdosth._JWouldyouliketodo?答語"I'dliketo”"I'dliketo,but.”hadbetter最好（不）做某事”You'dbetterdo/You&

6、#39;dbetternotdo考點(diǎn)四、助動(dòng)詞這類詞本身無詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能與主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示不同的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、表示句子的否定和疑問，例如：HedoesnotspeakEnglishwell.（他英語講得不好。）句中的does是助動(dòng)詞，既表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又與not一起構(gòu)成否定形式。Didhehaveanymilkandbreadforhisbreakfast?（他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包嗎？）句中的did是助動(dòng)詞，既表示一般過去時(shí)，又和動(dòng)詞have一起構(gòu)成疑問。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞身份助動(dòng)詞身份/強(qiáng)調(diào)功能考點(diǎn)五、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又叫行為動(dòng)詞，是表示行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以單獨(dú)作

7、謂語，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的相應(yīng)變化。例如：IliveinBeijingwithmymother.（我和我媽媽住在北京。）live,住Ithasaroundface.（它有張圓臉。）has,有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞必須跟賓語不及物動(dòng)詞不直跟賓語名稱般現(xiàn)在時(shí)般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)had+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間標(biāo)志謂動(dòng)I某次過去做be+doingwas/were+doingwill+do過去將要做have/has+done平時(shí)經(jīng)常做現(xiàn)在正在做現(xiàn)在將要做語公被動(dòng)：be+done匚一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-1一般過去時(shí)（一般將來時(shí)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞工選項(xiàng)有無被動(dòng)只需考慮時(shí)態(tài)該而不：感官發(fā)生實(shí)現(xiàn)出版使役動(dòng)詞正常

8、不帶to被動(dòng)則帶到過去已做考點(diǎn)六、動(dòng)詞詞形變化動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)謂語的同時(shí)，隨著時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)的變化，也有自己的特有變化。動(dòng)詞詞形變化現(xiàn)在分詞過去式、過去分詞s,x,sh,ch,o+es+ing+ed去e+ing輔+y一i+ed雙寫+ing雙寫+ed輔+y一i+es輔元輔，且重讀，不忘雙寫尾字母（除組合外）不規(guī)則考點(diǎn)七、非謂語動(dòng)詞及其應(yīng)用。作主語被視為單不定式todo現(xiàn)在分詞doingJ過去分詞done作主語2）常被形式主備it代替）作表語作主語作賓語作賓語作賓補(bǔ)省to或不省作定語要后置，省介否J判定：后有謂動(dòng)havesth.done使被bedoing”正在做"bedone"被做

9、"1表目的，原因賓從省略式疑問詞+todoI高效特訓(xùn)速提升於、選擇填空1 .There_lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.A.isB.wasC.areD.were2 .Youeatthesoupifyoudon'tlikeit.A.shouldn'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.can't3 .Thissentenceright.Pleasewriteitdown.A.feelsB.soundsC.tastesD.smells4 .Mysisterwantsanewdress.Sheit

10、totheparty.A.wearsB.haswornC.woreD.isgoingtowear1.1 didn'thearyoubecauseIthenewsontheradio.A.listentoB.amlisteningtoC.listenedtoD.waslisteningto1.2 myhomework,IguessIcan'tjoinyou.A.dontfinishB.didn'tfinisIC.haven'tfinishedD.won'tfinish7. -Whoseisthepencilbox?-ItbeToms.Lookathisna

11、meonthecover!A.canB.mayC.mustD.need8. abookinthelibrary,enterakeywordintothecomputer.A.TofindB.FindC.TowriteD.Write9. Theclothingstoreasale.Theclothesthereareverycheap.A.hasB.hadC.ishavingD.washaving10. MissZhang,themostbeautifulteacher,manyflowersthesedays.A.receivedB.willreceiveC.wasreceivingD.has

12、received11. Yoursweaterlookssmart.Whereyouit?A.do,getB.did,getC.will,getD.have,got12. Weoftenhearherafterclass.A.singB.tosingC.singsD.sang13. Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?Yes,you.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need14. I'dlikeyouforapicnicwithus.A.goB.togoC.goingD.went15. HongKongtobeagoodplacefor

13、eatingtoday.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Nancyoftengoes(swim)withherfriendsinsummer1.1 want(go)totheshop.3 .Thelittlegirllikes(play)basketball.She(play)ontheplaygroundnow.4 .Theteacher(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.5 .Let's(speak)English.6 .-theman(open)thewindow?-No,heisn't

14、.Heis(close)thewindow.7 .I(lend)hersomeCDsthedaybeforeyesterday。8 .I'msorry(wake)youup.9 .Wouldyouplease(notplay)withthechalk?10 .You'dbetter(pass)thisbooktoher.三、根據(jù)所給漢語或首字母提示寫出下列句中所缺的名詞1Look!Alittlegirl（游泳）intheriver（?）.1.1 don'thaveanypens.Ithinkshe（有）some.3 .Don't（讀）yourbooks.Plea

15、se（聽）tomenow.4 .Canyouhelpme（搬運(yùn)）thebox?5 .CanI（借）yourbike?6 .Doyoulike（看電視）?7 .Myparentsarebusy（為做準(zhǔn)備）thevisitors.8.Ithinkyou'dbetternot（出去）aloneatnight.9.Doyoumindmy（聽音樂）?-Nevermind.10.Iamafraidof（游泳）,butTomoften（教）me（游泳）.11 .Whatabout（坐）here?OK,letme（坐）here.12 .Tomorrow（是）mybirthday.Iwant（舉行）ab

16、irthdayparty.Wouldyou（來）tomyparty?13 .Hemustn't（停放）hiscarhere.（看）atthesign"NOparking.14 .Youneed（穿戴）warmclothesinwinter.15 .Who（教）youEnglishlastterm?四、詞語運(yùn)用閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。say,do,work,believe,may,watch,see,be,think,eatCananimalsbemadetoworkforus?Somescientis

17、ts_1_thatonedayanimals_2_betaughttodoanumberofsimplejobs.They_3_thatinafilmoronTVwemay_4_elephants,monkeys,dogs,bears,orotheranimalsdoingalotofthings.Ifyou_5_carefully,youmayfindthatthoseanimalsaregivensomethingtoeatinreturnfor_6_them.Thescientistssaythatmanydifferentanimalsmaybetaughttodoanumberofs

18、implejobsiftheywillgetsomething_7_.Ofcourse,asweknow,dogscanbeusedtoguardahouse,andelephantscanbeusedtodosomeheavyjobs.Andwecanalsoteachanimals_8_infactories.Apes,forexamplehave_9_usedinAmericatohelpmakecarsandscientists10_thatthesemonkeysmayonedaygetincropsandevendrivetrains.五、完形填空Mrs.Greenlivesint

19、hecountry,andshe1_knowLondonverywell.Oneday,shegoestoLondon,butshe2findherway.Justthen,she3amannearthebusstop."hicanhasWay."she4.Thenshegoesovertothemanandasks,“Excuseme,willyouplease5methewaytoKingStreet?Butthemandoesn'tsayanything.He6Cuba.Hedoesn'7tEnglish.HecomestoLondonfora8.Hetakesoutabookand9somethingonit.Thenhe10ittoMrs.Green,“Sorry,Ican'tspeakEnglish.”()1.A.doesB.doesn'tC.doD.don't()2.A.mayB.maynotC.can'tD.can()3.A.looksatB.wat