[外語學(xué)習(xí)]詞義猜測(cè)技巧之 通過上下文進(jìn)行詞義猜測(cè)ppt課件

1、詞義猜測(cè)題解題策略詞義猜測(cè)題解題策略Lead inThe scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants an

2、d woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. 67. The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “_”. A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination _ 詞義猜測(cè)題常見的考查形式：詞義猜測(cè)題常見的考查形式： 1) The phrase “” in the sentence could be replaced by _. 2) The world “” in the paragraph refe

3、rs to _. 3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean? 4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”? 5) The world “” most nearly means _ . 6) What do you think the expression “” stand for? 詞義猜測(cè)題解題策略之詞義猜測(cè)題解題策略之-通過上下文進(jìn)行詞義猜測(cè)通

4、過上下文進(jìn)行詞義猜測(cè) 猜詞是英語閱讀的重要技巧，也是高考中?？嫉念}型?？忌獙W(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索(各種已知信息)確定詞義。要求猜測(cè)詞義的詞一般為實(shí)詞(動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞等)。就方法來說，主要根據(jù)上下文線索和構(gòu)詞法。高考閱讀文章中更側(cè)重前者。2008200920102011 1 1 1 1 技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥 【例例1】 In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation

5、. 詞義：詞義：_困境困境 Skill 1： 通過通過_進(jìn)行猜測(cè)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)定義句的謂語動(dòng)詞多為：定義句的謂語動(dòng)詞多為：_ be called, be known as, define, represent等。等。 be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to,Practice : His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 詞義：詞義：_ 動(dòng)物學(xué)家動(dòng)物學(xué)家 定義或釋義關(guān)系定義或釋義關(guān)系 技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥 【例例2】 1) They traveled a

6、 long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. _2) We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week. _3) In fact，only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat , exist in the U.S. today. (NMET 2005浙江浙江) _古城堡古城堡夜班夜班野貓野貓Skill 2： 通過通過_進(jìn)行猜測(cè)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系Practice : You should

7、never put a cotton swab or other object into the ear canal. But you can use aswab or cloth to clean the outer part of the ear. The experts agree with the old saying that you should never put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear.()What does a “swab” mostly probably mean?A. something soft, sma

8、ll and used in clinics B. something hard, long and used at homeC. something thin, wet and like an elbow D. something safe, big and like a toy 技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥 【例例3】 1)If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. _2) Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was

9、sure that he was innocent of the thing. _不同意不同意無辜的無辜的Skill 3： 通過通過_進(jìn)行猜測(cè)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)對(duì)比關(guān)系或反義關(guān)系對(duì)比關(guān)系或反義關(guān)系表示對(duì)比、類比或轉(zhuǎn)折的常見信息詞有：表示對(duì)比、類比或轉(zhuǎn)折的常見信息詞有：_yet, despite，in spite of，instead等，等，有時(shí)也用破折號(hào)或冒號(hào)等符號(hào)有時(shí)也用破折號(hào)或冒號(hào)等符號(hào).but，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，【例例4】 Some family names were made by adding something t

10、o the fathers name. English-speaking people added s or son. The Johsons are descendants of John; the Roberts familys ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the ODonnells are descendants of the same Donnell. (NMET 201

11、0 江蘇江蘇) The underlined word “descendants” means a persons_.A. later generations B. friends and relatives C. colleagues partners D. later sponsors name. English-speakingSkill 4： 通過通過_進(jìn)行猜測(cè)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)例證例證表示舉例或同位語表示釋義或舉例詞語的信息表示舉例或同位語表示釋義或舉例詞語的信息詞有詞有_等，也有等，也有e.g.(舉例舉例) 、i.e(也就是）也就是）。 for example，for instance，su

12、ch as，in other words，that is to say，namelyPractice : On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.詞義：詞義：_家禽家禽【例例5】 When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they mad

13、e the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. (NMET 2004 廣東廣東) The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off ” means that the colours .A.attracted the customers strongly

14、B.B. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest Skill 5： 通過通過_進(jìn)行猜測(cè)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的信息詞有表示因果關(guān)系的信息詞有_等，也有等，也有e.g.(舉例舉例) 、i.e(也就是）也就是）。 because，as，since，for， thus，so，therefore 【例例6】Tom cant find Tom cant find his his sneakerssneake

15、rs. . C. shoesC. shoesTom cant find his Tom cant find his white white sneakerssneakersTom cant play tennis now because Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white he cant find his white sneakerssneakers. .A. moneyA. moneyB. bowlsB. bowlsSkill 6： 通過通過_進(jìn)行猜測(cè)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)生詞所在的上下文生詞所在的上下文 1.When I fir

16、st became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well-paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for

17、 a small local area? I wanted to know.(NMET 2006 廣東廣東) The underlined phrase “turn his bake on ”most probably means A.leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on 2. There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new b

18、ucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?A. Dirty. B. Dark. C. Worn-out. D. Plain-looking. ( 2011 全國全國II E ) I didnt hear them call my name,” explained Shelley Hennig

19、 to Active Teens (AT) as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. Are you ready? is what she heard. Then she said, I shook my head no, and then they said yes and it was announced again.” It was four days after that life changing moment f