新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記第58課

1、WOR/式-專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料-可編輯Lesson 58 A blessing in disguiseText The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a cursed tree. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper , the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years

2、 that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He

3、has pointed out that the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on

4、 the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by suddendeath!【課文翻譯】據(jù)說(shuō)弗林利這個(gè)小村里有一棵“該詛咒的樹(shù)”。就因?yàn)閳?bào)上提到過(guò)這棵樹(shù)，所以現(xiàn)在來(lái)弗林利參觀(guān)的人越來(lái)越多。該樹(shù)是50年前栽在教堂附近的，但只是近幾年才得到了一個(gè)壞名聲。據(jù)說(shuō)，誰(shuí)要是觸摸了這棵樹(shù)，誰(shuí)就會(huì)交上惡 運(yùn)；如果誰(shuí)摘了一片樹(shù)葉，誰(shuí)就會(huì)死去。很多村民相信此樹(shù)已經(jīng)害了不少人。人們?cè)?qǐng)求教區(qū)的牧師叫人把樹(shù)砍掉,但他直到現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)有同意。他指出，由于人們從全國(guó)各地紛紛前來(lái)參觀(guān)這棵樹(shù)，它成了一個(gè)有用的財(cái)源。盡管有上 述種種說(shuō)法，但游客們還是照常

5、摘樹(shù)葉和把他們的名字刻在樹(shù)干上。然而到目前為止，還沒(méi)有一個(gè)人暴死呢！【New words and expressionsbleessingn福分，福氣disguisen偽裝tinyadj極小的possessv擁啟cursedadj可恨的increasev增加plantv種植churchn教堂eviladj壞的reputation名聲claimv以為其后果victimn受害者，犧牲品vicarn教區(qū)牧師sourcen來(lái)源incomen收入trunkn樹(shù)干一.單詞講解： Blessing(single)神恩，福氣，福分，神的保佑；禱ask for Gods blessing求神保佑say a bl

6、essing做禱告a blessing in disguise初看似乎不幸，過(guò)后看來(lái)卻是幸運(yùn)的事；禍中福。塞翁失馬焉知非福count ones blessing知足（數(shù)自己的福分）bless v求神賜福于某人或某事；賜予某人健康，幸福及成功eg Bless those who are hungry, lonely or sick.求神賜福于那些饑餓，孤獨(dú)或患病的人。eg Mrs. White is blessed with 12 children.太太有 12 個(gè)孩子，真有福氣。eg God bless you!上帝保佑你?。ㄓ米鞲袊@詞，表示謝意或情義，或當(dāng)人打噴嚏的時(shí)候人一， 一一一 、一一

7、打eg You ve bought me a present ? Bless you!你給我頭了個(gè)禮物是嗎？太感謝你了。 Disguisen 偽裝wear a beard as a disguise帶個(gè)絡(luò)月思胡子來(lái)偽裝eg He was in disguise , so I couldnt recognize him.他喬裝打扮過(guò)了，所以我沒(méi)能辨認(rèn)出來(lái)。eg She made no disguise of her contempt.她毫不掩飾的表示輕蔑之意。v 偽裝，假扮eg I couldnt disguise my anger. 我無(wú)法掩飾自己的憤怒。eg He disuised hims

8、elf as a woman for fun.他男扮女裝只為了 好玩。disguise ones voice改變說(shuō)話(huà)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，發(fā)假聲音Tinyadj極/、白tiny tiner tinestSmall adj 小的littleadj 小的（含有可愛(ài)之意）mini-（構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞）minibusn小公共汽車(chē)miniskirtn超短裙minicabn小的出租車(chē)punyadj（貶義）弱小的，瘦小的，發(fā)育不全的，未充分發(fā)揮的eg A tiny little girl was singing very well in TV一個(gè)纖小的女孩在電視上唱的很好。 possessv 擁有eg They possess

9、 three cars.他們有三輛小汽車(chē)。possess patience 有耐性possess courage有勇氣be possess with sth/be possess by sth (尤指人的思想)被控制,支配She suddenly possessed with fear .她突然被恐懼的情緒所控制。eg She was suddenly possessed by fear.她突然感到非常的害怕。possession n u(ownership) 領(lǐng)有，持有，具有eg Ive had possession of this house for 7 years.我擁有這座房子已經(jīng)7年

10、了。c 財(cái)產(chǎn)eg He lost all his possessionsin the fire.他在大火中喪失所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)。be in possession of sth擁有某物eg He is in lawful possession of a shotgun.他合法地?fù)碛幸恢ЙC槍。學(xué)習(xí)資料分享possessorpossessed擁有者（owner ）adj（被強(qiáng)烈的感情,egegegHe studied like one possessed.He fought like a man possessed.Possession is nine points of the law.惡魔等）纏附的，

11、瘋狂的他拼命的用功。他進(jìn)行了殊死的戰(zhàn)斗?，F(xiàn)實(shí)占有，敗一勝九（占有或控制某物者打起官司來(lái)總占上風(fēng)）cursed adj可恨的，討厭的（常做定語(yǔ)）相當(dāng)于 hateful, unpleasanta cursed person一個(gè)可恨的人curse n 咒罵的話(huà)，咒語(yǔ)egegegbe under a curse被咒罵的The witch laid a curse upon the princess.那個(gè)巫婆詛咒這個(gè)公主。The witch laid the princess under a curse.v 詛咒He cursed (at) his bad luck .他詛咒他的壞運(yùn)氣。I cursed

12、 her for spoiling my plans.因?yàn)樗茐奈业挠?jì)劃所以我詛咒她。IncreaseIncrease oneV增加s speed 力口速egThe population has increased greatly.人口急劇的增長(zhǎng)。egincreased profits increase inkri:s n a wage increase增大的利潤(rùn)增加的量 工資增加額an increase of nearly 50% over last year比去年差不多了50% 。a 50% increase50%的增長(zhǎng)add to增加,增加到raise戰(zhàn)高,增加growv曾加,成長(zhǎng)enl

13、arge正大,擴(kuò)大，增大declinev數(shù)量，力量，權(quán)利等）削減decrease變少,變小vreduce堿少Plant n.樹(shù)木,1 n植物，樹(shù)木wilde plantgarden plantplants and animals2 . n 工廠(chǎng)，生產(chǎn)a chemical planta power plant植物野生植物花園里的植物動(dòng)植物化工廠(chǎng)電廠(chǎng)3 v 種植，栽種eg We are going to plant trees around the house.我們打算在房子周?chē)N滿(mǎn)樹(shù)。eg Farmers should know the time to plant.農(nóng)民應(yīng)該知道種植的時(shí)間。4 v

14、 布置，安頓，固定eg Policemen were planted along the route of the parade.警察被部署在游行的路線(xiàn)上。planter n 種植者或花盆 Church n 教堂， 禮拜，禮拜儀式，去教堂（church之前不加the ）Churchgoer n按時(shí)去教堂做禮拜的人Attend church去做禮拜At church / in church在做禮拜egChurch begins at 9 oclock.禮拜在 9:00 開(kāi)始。egThey are at church.他們?cè)谧龆Y拜。as poor as a church mouse.像教堂的老鼠樣

15、窮， 文不名在church之前不加定冠詞go to schoolgo to university /go to collage be out of hospital be sent to prison be at workEvilthe,類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)有: 去上學(xué)去上大學(xué)出院入獄在上班，在工作著1 . adj道德敗壞的, an evil reputation2 adj邪惡的一個(gè)惡名聲令人不快的，壞的，有害的an evil smell an evil temper evil weather give sb the evil eye an evil tongue難聞的氣味 壞脾氣 惡劣的天氣 惡毒的目

16、光 說(shuō)人壞話(huà)的惡習(xí) reputation1 c名聲eg He has a good reputation as a doctor.他是一個(gè)名聲很好的醫(yī)生。eg He has a bad reputation as a doctor.他是一個(gè)名聲很差的醫(yī)生。eg She has a reputation for generosity.她以慷慨大方而出名。have a reputation for laziness以懶惰出名eg He has the reputation of being spiteful.他的壞心眼是出了名的。2 信譽(yù)establish a reputation/build u

17、p a reputation/make a reputation樹(shù)立聲譽(yù)eg He is eager to win a reputation.他渴望獲得聲譽(yù)。eg If the fact is published , it will ruin your reputation.要是事實(shí)被公開(kāi)的話(huà)，會(huì)毀了你的名聲的。live up to ones reputation不負(fù)盛名，行為與聲望相符claim1 要求，索要（應(yīng)得的權(quán)利或財(cái)物）索賠vlaim the insurance索取保險(xiǎn)金claim the reward要求獎(jiǎng)賞2 事故，災(zāi)難造成的人員傷亡現(xiàn)象eg The earthquake cla

18、imed thousands of victims.地震造成成千上萬(wàn)的人死亡3 v 聲稱(chēng)，聲言，斷言claim to do （某人）聲稱(chēng)曾經(jīng) eg He claimed to have seen the Mona Lisa.他宣稱(chēng)他曾經(jīng)看過(guò)蒙娜麗莎（那幅畫(huà)）。claim that（ 賓語(yǔ)從句）eg The lawyer claimed that the defendant was not guilty.那個(gè)律師聲稱(chēng)被告是無(wú)罪的。4 n索賠5 n權(quán)利，資格eg They have no claim to this property.他們沒(méi)有資格取得這些財(cái)產(chǎn)。 victim1 n犧牲者，受害者 （

19、同義詞：sufferer）the victims of a plane crash空難事件的受害者the victims of a swindler受騙者eg Those children aer the sad victims of their parents divorce.那些孩子是父母親離婚的受害者。2 n （祭神的）祭品，犧牲品fall （a） victim to成為的犧牲品eg A man like you easily falls victim to the greed of others.像你這樣的人很容易成為別人貪婪的犧牲品。 vicar 教區(qū)牧師vicar minister

20、（英國(guó)國(guó)教的）教區(qū)牧師基督教的牧師priest基督教會(huì)的神職人員，牧師，神父rector curate（英國(guó)國(guó)教的）牧區(qū)長(zhǎng)；（天主教的）教區(qū)首席神甫（英國(guó)國(guó)教會(huì)的）助理牧師black coat牧師 source1 n 河流的發(fā)源地 （starting point of a river ）the source of the Nile尼羅河的發(fā)源地eg This stream has its source in Qinghai.這條河起源于青海。2 n 來(lái)源，出處a limited source of income有限的收入來(lái)源news from a reliable source來(lái)源可靠的消息e

21、g Idleness is the source of all evil.（諺） 懶惰是萬(wàn)惡之源。eg Idleness is the root of all evil.（諺） 懶惰是萬(wàn)惡之源。the source of the trouble紛爭(zhēng)的原因3 n消息來(lái)源，出處，可靠的根據(jù)historical source史料eg I got the news from a reliable source.我的消息非?？煽?。a source book原始資料 income 收入（最通用的詞）eg whats your income?你的工資怎么樣？eg I have an income of 20

22、0 dollars a week.我每周的收入是 200 美元。earned income工作所得我的收入不夠養(yǎng)家糊口。unearned income非工作所得eg My income isnt enough to support my family.wagen周薪salaryn月薪bonusn獎(jiǎng)金，紅包 trunk1 n 樹(shù)干eg The trunk of that fir is about 2 meters thick.那顆冷杉的樹(shù)干有 2米那么粗。2 n 軀干egHe had a powerful trunk. 他身材偉岸。3 n 衣箱egShe packed her trunk.他把衣

23、箱填滿(mǎn)了。4 n 干線(xiàn)，主流the trunk of the Nile尼羅河的主流trunk call(英)長(zhǎng)途電話(huà) (long distance call )二.Key structures :被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1有些動(dòng)詞置于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，可采用兩種形式。這兩種形式在含以上沒(méi)有差別，但由于不定式結(jié)構(gòu)更為簡(jiǎn)單，所以經(jīng)常用不定式。1) to-不定式即： be done to 2) that 從句即：it is said thateg People say that he is a genius.人們說(shuō)他是天才。eg He is said to be a genius.他被說(shuō)是個(gè)天才。eg It is sai

24、d that he is a genius.據(jù)說(shuō)他是一個(gè)天才。2當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中任何一個(gè)都可做被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，但間接做主語(yǔ)(指人的賓語(yǔ))較為常見(jiàn)eg The manager offered the vacant post to him .經(jīng)理把空缺職位給了 他。這句話(huà)有2個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是空缺職位，另一個(gè)是他。eg He was offered the vacant post.他被給了那個(gè)空缺的職位。間接賓語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)eg The vacant post was offered to him.空缺職位被給了他。直接賓語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)。Exercise:把句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1 She gave

25、me a pen.I was given a pen.The pen was given to me .2 People say that there is oil under the North Sea.人們說(shuō)在北海下面有石油。There be 句型There is said to be oil under the North Sea.據(jù)說(shuō)北海下面有石油。把there be句型改為there is said It is said that there is oil under the North Sea.據(jù)說(shuō)北海下面有石油。3 They are sending him abroad.他們正在

26、送他出國(guó)。He is being sent abroad.他正在被他們送出國(guó)。Be being done是正在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。4 He asked me to wait for him.他讓我等他。me是賓語(yǔ)，后面動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這樣的句型該為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)提前，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要保留下來(lái)。I was asked to wait for him.我被要求等他。was/were done是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)5 The police has found your wallet.警察已經(jīng)找到你的錢(qián)包了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Your wallet has been found （by the polic

27、e）.你的錢(qián)包被警察找打了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)has/have been done三課文講解1. The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a cursed tree.is said to possess是個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) it is said 后面出現(xiàn)不定式to possess.這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以換成that從句表達(dá)：It is said that the tiny village of Frinley possesses a cursed tree.據(jù)說(shuō)Frinley這個(gè)小村莊有一顆受了詛咒的樹(shù).2. Because the tree w

28、as mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.mentionv 對(duì)說(shuō)，提至L 提mention to sb及對(duì)某人說(shuō)eg He mentioned to me that he was going to sell his car.他對(duì)我說(shuō)他打算把車(chē)賣(mài)了。eg He mentioned to event,but didnt go into details.他提到過(guò)這件事情，但沒(méi)有細(xì)說(shuō)。increase vt vi （在規(guī)模，數(shù)量和程度上）增加，增長(zhǎng)grow vi （動(dòng)植物）成長(zhǎng)，生長(zhǎng)

29、，在表示數(shù)量上增加時(shí)，可以代替increaseeg The number of visitors has now increased.游客的人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)了The number of visitors has now grown.eg She has grown so much, she is nearly as tall as I am.她長(zhǎng)了這么多了，差不多和我一樣高了。the number of+（pl.）n的數(shù)量，當(dāng)這個(gè)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式eg The number of people who own color TVs is increasing every year.擁有彩電

30、的人的數(shù)量逐年在增加。主語(yǔ)是the number of people,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 is increasing,留意是單數(shù)形式。a number of +pl.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）,表示許許多多eg A number of books have been stolen from the library.The number of stolen books is large.圖書(shū)館里很多書(shū)被盜了，被盜書(shū)的數(shù)量很大。注意2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是 a number of books許多書(shū)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù) have been stolen ；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是the number of stolen books被

31、盜圖書(shū)的數(shù)量時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式is.3. The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.it is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that從句/who 從句，這是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。中間是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，可以是主語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等成分。eg It is yesteday that I

32、saw you.是昨天我看到你的。Yesterday是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)我強(qiáng)調(diào)昨天的時(shí)候，把 yesterday 放在it isthat可起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。eg It is Henry that was fined a large sum of money.是Henry被罰了一大筆錢(qián)。Henry是主語(yǔ)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，把主語(yǔ)放在 it is that3間。 eg It is cathy that I like best.我最喜歡的就是Cathy.Cathy在句中做賓語(yǔ)成分，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，把賓語(yǔ)放在it is tha仲間eg It is in a small city that I spent my chi

33、ldhood.在一個(gè)小城市里枝度過(guò)童年的。In a small city是個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)也放在it isthat中間。eg It is Lesson 59 that we will begin with.我們將從 59 課開(kāi)始。Lesson 59 做with的介詞賓語(yǔ)也放在it is that3間起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。gaingain timegainkaowflavger當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)人的時(shí)候的句式是：it is -who獲得，得到(不能用于錢(qián))(get, obtain)獲得時(shí)間獲得知識(shí)獲得寵愛(ài)4. It is siad that if anyone touches the tree, he wi

34、ll have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die.it is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)it is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 it is believed that據(jù)相信 it is eastimated that據(jù)估計(jì)一it is found that據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)it is well-known that 眾所周知含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)eg It is reported that President Bush is visiting Canada these days.據(jù)報(bào)道Bush總統(tǒng)近期正在訪(fǎng)問(wèn)加拿大。eg It is estimated tha

35、t there will be half of the students tomorrow.據(jù)估計(jì)明天只有一半的學(xué)生了。eg It is said that he was put into prison.據(jù)說(shuō)他被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄了。eg it is well-known that he is innocent.眾所周知他是清白的。pick v 采摘eg She has picked a lot of flowers.她摘了許多花。cut v砍，切，害Ueg She cut the apple into two.她把蘋(píng)果切成2半了。die v 死die for 為戰(zhàn)死die for ones count

36、ry為祖國(guó)而夕匕，殉國(guó)die for ones post為職位而夕匕，殉職die of/die from/die by因而夕匕，后面加原因egShe died of canser.她死于癌癥。egShe died of old age.她因?yàn)槟昀隙ω?。die from overwork因過(guò)度勞累血夕匕亡（外因）die from wound由于受傷而夕匕亡（外因）die by drowning淹夕匕die by fire燒死die by ones own hand自殺be dying for（口）渴望eg He was dying for a drink.他渴望喝點(diǎn)什么東西。die away（

37、聲音，光線(xiàn)，風(fēng)等）減弱，漸息deadadj 死的，無(wú)生命的dead leaves枯葉the dead死人什寧一類(lèi)人）2adj完全的，絕對(duì)的a dead silence一片死寂come to a dead stop完全停業(yè)3 n 最黑暗，最寒冷的時(shí)候in the dead of night在深夜in the dead of winter在隆冬death n 死亡put someone to death處死，殺死starved to death餓死deadly adj 致命的，不共戴天的a deadly wound致命的傷 口a deadly weapon兇器5. Many villagers b

38、elieve that the tree has already claimed a number of victims.claimv索取某人性命，造成某人失蹤或死亡a number of許多犧牲者 =many victimsvictims6. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.是別人執(zhí)行的have+賓語(yǔ)+p.p（過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）表示動(dòng)作不是have的主語(yǔ)完成的，而eg Youd better have the dangerous building pulled do

39、wn.你最好找人把這個(gè)危樓推到。eg I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理發(fā)了。（不是我自己理的，而是請(qǐng)理發(fā)師幫我理的）eg Id like to have the package weighed.我想請(qǐng)你幫我把這個(gè)包裹稱(chēng)一下。（即包裹被別人稱(chēng)）eg I had my bike repaired.我找人把車(chē)修了一下。so far 到目前為止eg He has written three books so far .到目前為止他寫(xiě)了三本書(shū)了。eg I can only help him so far .我能幫他的僅止于此。go far1 成功egHe is hardw

40、orking and will go far .他工作和努力，會(huì)成功的。2 （錢(qián)，衣物等）經(jīng)用，有價(jià)值的（用于否定句）eg A dollar doesnt go far these days.最近一美元不管用了。go as far as/go so far as + 不定式 竟然eg He went so far as to call me an idiot.他竟然管我叫白癡。7. He has pointed out that the tree is a usuful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts

41、of country to see it.pointv 指egIts rude to point.指手畫(huà)腳是不禮貌的。eg Thats the man who did it, she said pointing at me .那事是他干的，”她指著我說(shuō)。Pointing at是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。point out指出point sth out使注意某事物point the finger（at sb）公開(kāi)指責(zé)某人point the way to sth/point the way towards sth指出發(fā)展的可能性touristn游客tourn 旅游-ist后綴，B2302以-ize結(jié)

42、尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)合，構(gòu)成名詞dramatist n居U作家，戲曲家publicist n國(guó)際法學(xué)家；評(píng)論家-ist后綴，以-ism結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)合，“的信仰者；主義者；實(shí)行者h(yuǎn)ave been coming現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)， 嘰直 ”8. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.in spite of 盡管， 相當(dāng)于 despite(prep)that has been said定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 all(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被

43、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) has/have been done )have been picking/have been cutting現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示不停的重復(fù)做某事9. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death! not of 相當(dāng)于 none of一個(gè)都沒(méi)有strike down 將擊倒stricke-struck - struckeg Most people in the town were struck down with the strange fever鎮(zhèn)上大多數(shù)人被一種及怪的病魔擊垮了stricke1 n 罷工on stricke/ go out on st