英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句70句分析報(bào)告

1、如何掌握長(zhǎng)難句復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句是考研閱讀理解短文的最顯著特點(diǎn)之一,是文章語(yǔ)言難度所在,也是命題者常常出題之處.因此具備較好的剖析復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句的水平,對(duì)于考研閱讀理解至關(guān)重要.復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句典型的特點(diǎn)是,多個(gè)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象或特殊句式同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的句子中,使句子修飾詞很多,句中套句,成分中套成分,從而造成考生對(duì)其準(zhǔn)確意義的理解困難.對(duì)于復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句,不管其結(jié)構(gòu)多么復(fù)雜多變、盤(pán)根錯(cuò)節(jié),只要把握住句子結(jié)構(gòu)的主脈絡(luò)抓住句子的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵信息,再根據(jù)自己所掌握的各種語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及一些特殊句式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律,就可理清頭緒,找到思路.由于復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句很難理解,考生在平時(shí)閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)多加練習(xí).下面分8類(lèi)總結(jié)了最典型的70句真題長(zhǎng)難句,希望考生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)

2、能多揣摩,如能將其中英文全部背熟,長(zhǎng)難句肯定過(guò)關(guān).第一節(jié)比擬結(jié)構(gòu)I.Therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracyfargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.【參考譯文】現(xiàn)在已有一些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行精確到毫米以下的腦部和骨骼手術(shù)一這要比極具技巧的醫(yī)生單單用手精確得多.1.1 havediscovered,asperhapsKelseywill

3、afterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife,andmakingthealternativemoveintodownshifting“bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.【參考譯文】或許正像凱爾西在不堪積勞重負(fù)而公開(kāi)地辭去她在?她?雜志社的編輯一職之后一樣,我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),放棄那種“為生活忙碌的人生信條并轉(zhuǎn)

4、而追求比擬悠閑的生活帶給你的回報(bào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會(huì)地位.3 .WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdeclineafterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate80sandisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlive

5、s.【參考譯文】在美國(guó),這一返樸趨勢(shì)是以經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落的反響為開(kāi)始的-那是在80年代末期裁員而引起大量的失業(yè)之后-現(xiàn)在依然與提倡節(jié)儉的政綱相關(guān)；而在英國(guó),最起碼在我所熟識(shí)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)返樸歸隱者中,追求簡(jiǎn)約生活的原因就多種多樣了.4 .Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.SummerhomesEuropeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtoda

6、ythanadecadeortwoyearsago.【參考譯文】當(dāng)然,人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其各種標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前.消夏別墅、歐陸旅行、寶馬車(chē)-地點(diǎn)、地各以及品牌或許會(huì)有變化,但這類(lèi)事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會(huì)亞于一二十年前.5.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhil

7、etheothereyeisonthemicroscope.【參考譯文】審查者完全有理由相信,知道自己準(zhǔn)備做什么、怎么做的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該由于必須一只眼盯著收銀機(jī),一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散了注意力.1.1 fexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.

8、【參考譯文】如果試驗(yàn)是像科學(xué)雜志上的報(bào)告所示的那樣如實(shí)地根據(jù)方案規(guī)劃和實(shí)施的話(huà)那么對(duì)治理層來(lái)說(shuō),期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢(qián)衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的.7 .Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows【參考譯文】現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學(xué)或時(shí)間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的熱情導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)雙層結(jié)構(gòu),在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)里面善于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的A類(lèi)好似在某

9、個(gè)方面要比他們B類(lèi)的同輩更勝一籌.第二節(jié)非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)8 .Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedoutbemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.【參考譯文】遺憾地講,這次新聞機(jī)構(gòu)可信度調(diào)查方案結(jié)果只獲得了一些十分低層次的發(fā)現(xiàn),比方新聞報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤,拼寫(xiě)或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn)交織在一起的還有許多令人撓

10、頭的困惑,譬如讀者到底想讀些什么.9.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,Amazoncom,andotherpioneersshowthatawebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.【參考譯文】像VirtualVineyards,Amazon樣的先驅(qū)網(wǎng)站說(shuō)明,一個(gè)將交互性、熱情效勞和平安性合理結(jié)合以銷(xiāo)售同類(lèi)商品的網(wǎng)址是可以吸引網(wǎng)上客戶(hù)注意的.10.Aninvisiblebord

11、erdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudentscareerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationreform.【參考譯文】有些人為了學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景為教室里放置電腦而辯,有些人為教育的徹底改革中更為廣泛的理由為教室早放置電腦而辯,這兩群人之間有一條無(wú)形的界線(xiàn).11.But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbet

12、hewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.【參考譯文】但是,對(duì)一個(gè)小局部學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),職業(yè)教育也是條可取的路徑.由于在其他因素相同的情況下,技能的嫻熟是得到工作與否的關(guān)鍵.12.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchor

13、toknowinglyendangeranembryoslife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.【參考譯文】由于現(xiàn)今的聯(lián)邦法律已經(jīng)禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金克隆胚胎(人類(lèi)后裔在出生前的最早階段)用于研究或者有意地威脅胚胎的生命,NBACS胚胎研究上將保持沉默.13 .Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolo

14、ng-termprofitability.【參考譯文】他的同事邁克爾•比爾說(shuō),有太多的公司已經(jīng)用一種機(jī)械的方式實(shí)行公司內(nèi)部的重新設(shè)計(jì),在沒(méi)有充分考慮長(zhǎng)期贏利的水平下削減了本錢(qián).14 .Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeOf(Mis)information,whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.【參考譯文】科學(xué)衛(wèi)士們?cè)跁?huì)議

15、上也表述了他們的關(guān)注,比方.1995年在紐約市舉行的“逃離科學(xué)與理性會(huì)議,以及去年6月在布法羅附近召開(kāi)的“(錯(cuò)誤)信息時(shí)代的科學(xué)會(huì)議.15 .Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,AustraliasNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurably川patientswhowishtodie.【參考譯文】經(jīng)過(guò)了六個(gè)月的爭(zhēng)論以及最后16個(gè)小時(shí)的劇烈的議會(huì)辯論,澳大利亞北部

16、地區(qū)成了世界上第一個(gè)允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當(dāng)局.16 .Thereare,ofcourse.exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andillmanneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheU.S.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment【參考譯文】當(dāng)然,例外是存在的.在美國(guó),心胸狹窄的官員,粗魯?shù)氖陶?和沒(méi)有禮貌的出租車(chē)司機(jī)也并不少見(jiàn).然而人們常常得出這樣的觀察意見(jiàn),這使得它值得被討論一下.17 .Muchofthel

17、anguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas“steeringtheeconomytoasoftlandingof“atouchonthebrakes.makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.【參考譯文】有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯,例如“輕踩剎車(chē)以“操縱經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸,使貨幣政策聽(tīng)起來(lái)象是一門(mén)精確的科學(xué).沒(méi)有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離實(shí)際情況的了.18 .RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,scr

18、ews,wedges,wheel,etclikeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.【參考譯文】羅伯特.法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫(xiě)到：“一個(gè)技師會(huì)坐在杠桿,螺絲釘,楔子,輪子等等當(dāng)中就像一個(gè)使人沉浸在字母表的字母中,把這些字母看成自己思想的展現(xiàn),在這樣的展現(xiàn)中,每種新的次序安排都傳達(dá)了一種新的思想.19.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatre

19、asonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.【參考譯文】它廣告能夠直接幫助貨物以比擬合理的價(jià)格被迅速分銷(xiāo)出去,因此可以使公司建立一個(gè)鞏固的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng),同時(shí)也使以具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格提供出口變得可能20.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,

20、includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.【參考譯文】在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中,私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對(duì)生產(chǎn)資源的所有權(quán),也指其他一些特定的權(quán)利,如確定一個(gè)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和與另一個(gè)私人個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)單位自由簽訂合同的權(quán)利.21.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployersarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassig

21、nmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.【參考譯文】同時(shí)這些計(jì)算機(jī)記錄下哪些時(shí)間是最忙的,哪些員工工作效率最高,這樣就能相應(yīng)地做出人員人事安排.而且它們計(jì)算機(jī)也能為促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權(quán)的顧客.第三節(jié)定語(yǔ)從句22.Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsfor

22、whommodemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.【參考譯文】在另一個(gè)層面上,很多醫(yī)療界的人成認(rèn),關(guān)于醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺的討論局部是由于病人的絕望情緒,對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),現(xiàn)在醫(yī)學(xué)已經(jīng)延長(zhǎng)了死亡的身體痛苦.23.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnew.【參考譯文】換句話(huà)說(shuō),在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約

23、定俗成的寫(xiě)作模式,為新聞報(bào)道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu).假設(shè)沒(méi)有這些,新聞內(nèi)容就會(huì)一團(tuán)混亂,讓人摸不著頭腦.24.ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver-andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfailingandtheweightsoftheoffic

24、ers,“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.【參考譯文】但當(dāng)我們先是從注釋中得知某詩(shī)行講述了一個(gè)土耳其軍官和一個(gè)保加利亞軍官在橋上動(dòng)手打架并雙雙掉進(jìn)河里,而后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩(shī)中不過(guò)只充滿(mǎn)著“撲通,撲通,185公斤重這類(lèi)對(duì)他們落水時(shí)的動(dòng)靜以及對(duì)軍官們體重的描寫(xiě)時(shí),我們不免感到困惑不安.25.Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealre

25、adyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapansrigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.【參考譯文】戰(zhàn)后嬰兒潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主導(dǎo)的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)使得青少年的開(kāi)展時(shí)機(jī)變得極為有限,他們已經(jīng)在不停地質(zhì)疑日本國(guó)內(nèi)為了爬上那通往優(yōu)秀學(xué)校和體面工作的嚴(yán)酷的社會(huì)階梯而做出的巨大的個(gè)人犧牲.1.1 Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecri

26、ticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.【參考譯文】相反,我們有幸看到這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象,他們似乎比以前的任何時(shí)候都更供給充足：美國(guó)式物質(zhì)主義的批判者卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊；激進(jìn)書(shū)籍

27、的出版商卻在三星級(jí)餐廳享用一日三餐；倡導(dǎo)在人生各個(gè)階段的參與民主制的記者,他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校.27 .Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplaceallthatre-engineeringanddownsizingareonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraini

28、ng.【參考譯文】企業(yè)重組的新方法-所有那些重新設(shè)計(jì)、縮小規(guī)模的做法-只是對(duì)一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一方面的奉獻(xiàn).這種經(jīng)濟(jì)還受許多其他因素的驅(qū)動(dòng),比方聯(lián)合設(shè)備和機(jī)械上的投資、新技術(shù),以及在教育和培訓(xùn)上的投資.28 .Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.【參考譯文】在我們生活的社會(huì)

29、,物質(zhì)(藥物)在醫(yī)療和社交方面的使用很廣泛：服用阿司匹林以減緩頭痛,喝點(diǎn)酒以增進(jìn)友誼,早上喝點(diǎn)咖啡提神,吸煙以消除緊張情緒.29 .Themostthrillingexplanationisunfortunately,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthepowerfullinkbetweengrowthandinflation.【參考譯文】很不幸,這最令人震驚的解釋有一點(diǎn)缺陷.一些

30、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)有力的變化已經(jīng)結(jié)束了那個(gè)以經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和通貨膨脹的歷史關(guān)聯(lián)為根底的舊的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式.30 .AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,“Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions:theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.Thedesignerandtheinventor.,areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicestha

31、tasyetdonotexist【參考譯文】正如尤金•弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個(gè)技術(shù)專(zhuān)家思考那些不能被簡(jiǎn)化成能被清楚的語(yǔ)言描述的東西.這些東西在他的思維中是通過(guò)一種視覺(jué)的、非語(yǔ)言表述的過(guò)程處理的設(shè)計(jì)者和創(chuàng)造者能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置.31 .TheAmericaneconomicsystemis,organizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmon

32、eyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.【參考譯文】美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)是以根本的私有企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟(jì)為架構(gòu)的,在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)中消費(fèi)者很大程度上通過(guò)在市場(chǎng)上為那些他們最想要的貨品和效勞來(lái)決定制造什么產(chǎn)品.32 .Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialcondit

33、ions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.【參考譯文】在過(guò)去的30年中,公共教育中顯示的對(duì)殘疾兒童的巨大關(guān)注說(shuō)明了我們社會(huì)中的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情,那就是所有的公民,不管其情況有多特殊,都應(yīng)享有充分開(kāi)展其水平的時(shí)機(jī).第四節(jié)狀語(yǔ)從句33.Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase；whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedata

34、baseagain.【參考譯文】事實(shí)上,運(yùn)用這些搜索工具的最正確策略是將其看成為“提醒效勞,借助它使自己保持對(duì)網(wǎng)站中職業(yè)時(shí)機(jī)的最新了解：收到郵件時(shí),將郵件看作是一個(gè)提醒,提醒自己去重新查閱網(wǎng)站.34.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline

35、.【參考譯文】他們爭(zhēng)論說(shuō),如果對(duì)所有的客戶(hù)都收取一樣平均的費(fèi)用,那些可以轉(zhuǎn)向公路或者其他交通手段的發(fā)貨商就會(huì)這么做,致使剩余的客戶(hù)承當(dāng)維持鐵路經(jīng)營(yíng)的本錢(qián)費(fèi)用.35.Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouanditllbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairmansnotoriousbad

36、tasteinties.【參考譯文】如果你是你講話(huà)對(duì)象中的一員,那么你就身處一種有利位置來(lái)了解對(duì)你們來(lái)說(shuō)都很普遍的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題,而且你對(duì)餐廳中難以下咽的食物或老總臭名昭彰的領(lǐng)帶品位進(jìn)行隨意評(píng)判也是適宜的.36.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatposearealchallenge.【參考譯文】但是如果機(jī)器人要到達(dá)節(jié)省人工

37、的下一個(gè)階段,它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作而且還要能夠自己做出至少幾個(gè)決定-這些目標(biāo)才會(huì)引發(fā)真正的挑戰(zhàn).37 .TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.【參考譯文】OEC而其最近的?經(jīng)濟(jì)噴望?中估計(jì),如果石油價(jià)格與1998年的每桶13美元相比在一年中平均為每22美元,這也只

38、會(huì)給富裕的經(jīng)濟(jì)體的石油進(jìn)口賬單上增加GDP勺0.25%到0.5%.38 .Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromotedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily.阻礙了我事業(yè)的發(fā)【參考譯文】一次側(cè)面的不光明磊落的攻擊傷害了我的自尊,展,使我不得不拋棄了

39、那份引人注目的工作,盡管外表上我還要以一個(gè)蒙受屈辱的政府部長(zhǎng)的姿態(tài),通過(guò)聲稱(chēng)“我只不過(guò)是想多和家人呆在一起來(lái)掩蓋我的退出.39 .Thegrandmediocrityoftoday-everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoff-spring-meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribe.【參考譯文】當(dāng)今人與人在很大程度上的平等-即面對(duì)自然淘汰法那么人人時(shí)機(jī)均等,并且連子嗣的數(shù)目都一樣-意味著和在印度土著部落中的情況相比,

40、印度中上層階級(jí)中已喪失了80%勺自然選擇中的優(yōu)勢(shì).40 .Asthedomegrows,itdevelopsseedfissures(cracks)；inatleastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirelyalongsomeofthesefissures,sothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.【參考譯文】隨著這個(gè)圓頂?shù)脑鲩L(zhǎng),它開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)初始的裂縫：在至少幾個(gè)個(gè)例中這塊大陸可能會(huì)沿著其中的一些裂縫完全裂開(kāi),因此這個(gè)熱點(diǎn)就引發(fā)了一個(gè)新的海洋的形成.41 .Duringthediscussionofrock

41、singingversesatlastmonthsstockholdersmeeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsocietys川sandevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.【參考譯文】在上個(gè)月的股東大會(huì)上關(guān)于搖滾歌詞的討論中,萊文宣稱(chēng)呼：宣樂(lè)不是社會(huì)問(wèn)題的原因,他甚至還以他的兒子為例.他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的一個(gè)教師,并用說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)與學(xué)生們進(jìn)行溝通.第五節(jié)并列結(jié)構(gòu)42 .AcomparisonofBritishgeol

42、ogicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.【參考譯文】將過(guò)去一個(gè)半世紀(jì)英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的出版物做一下比擬,我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對(duì)科研的主導(dǎo)地位的強(qiáng)調(diào)不斷攀升,而且一篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化.43 .Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasl

43、edtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.【參考譯文】一個(gè)頗為相似的分化過(guò)程已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致專(zhuān)業(yè)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家走到一起組成一到兩個(gè)全國(guó)性的專(zhuān)科學(xué)術(shù)社團(tuán),而業(yè)余地質(zhì)愛(ài)好者們傾向于要么仍留在地方社團(tuán),要么也以另一種方式組成全國(guó)性機(jī)構(gòu).44 .Noclear-cutdistinctioncanb

44、edrawnbetweenprofessionalandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateurdoescarryaconnotationthatpersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotshareitsvalues.【參考譯文】科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)業(yè)人員和業(yè)余愛(ài)好者之間劃不出涇渭清楚的界線(xiàn)：因?yàn)槿魏我?guī)那么都有例外.然而,“業(yè)余一詞確實(shí)意味著相關(guān)人員不能充分融入職業(yè)科

45、學(xué)界,尤其未能分享科學(xué)圈子的價(jià)值.45 .“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“l(fā)iesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitudehoweverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe【參考譯文】“對(duì)任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的考驗(yàn),他在?華爾街雜志?的一個(gè)專(zhuān)欄文章中寫(xiě)到,“不在于它能夠多有

46、效地限制各種意見(jiàn)的表達(dá),而在于這個(gè)社會(huì)是否能給予思考和表達(dá)的盡可能廣泛的自由,不管有時(shí)候這種結(jié)果是多么的富有爭(zhēng)議或令人不快.46 .TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofanationwidedebateinBritain.【參考譯文】英國(guó)播送公司將作為一個(gè)公共基金支持的播送機(jī)構(gòu)存活下來(lái),至少目前會(huì)這樣,但是它的功能、它的規(guī)模和它的節(jié)目現(xiàn)在成了英國(guó)全國(guó)上下

47、的討論話(huà)題.47 .Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofesssignalelementandpreventedthedeclineefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.【參考譯文】這種變化通過(guò)引入許多的專(zhuān)業(yè)因素從而適應(yīng)了這個(gè)新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求,并且它這種變化預(yù)防了效率的日趨低下.這種效率的降低通常出現(xiàn)在精力充分的創(chuàng)業(yè)者

48、之后的第二代和第三代人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)公司的時(shí)候,揮霍掉那些家族公司的財(cái)富.48 .Theshareholdersassuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.【參考譯文】這樣的“股東對(duì)他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活,思想和需求一無(wú)所知而且他們對(duì)勞資雙方的關(guān)系也不會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極的影響.49 .TownslikeBournemouthandEas

49、tbournespranguptohouselarge“comfortable“classeswhohadretiredontheirincomesandwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholdersmeetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.【參考譯文】像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的“舒適階級(jí)提供居住場(chǎng)所.這些人依賴(lài)于其豐厚收入而不工作,他們除了分紅和偶爾參加一下

50、股東大會(huì),向治理層傳達(dá)自己的意旨之外,跟社區(qū)中其它居民素?zé)o往來(lái).50 .Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.【參考譯文】代表公司的花錢(qián)雇來(lái)的經(jīng)理與工人及其需要的關(guān)系更加

51、直接,但是就連他對(duì)工人們的個(gè)人空間也談不上了解.而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長(zhǎng)式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對(duì)他們的工人有這樣的私人關(guān)系.1.1 Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogramsand,tactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsu

52、rprise.【參考譯文】在最后三章中,他不遺余力地,將神創(chuàng)者好好地批駁了一頓.他把神創(chuàng)論者的活動(dòng),手段以及為那些不熟悉神創(chuàng)論者所指出的欺騙,扭曲手段稱(chēng)為讓人不快的驚訝.52 .Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.【參考譯文】通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程會(huì)議,專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)可以在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享,有爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題能夠得到解決,同

53、時(shí)相關(guān)人員也不必離開(kāi)他們的家庭或工作跑到一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的開(kāi)會(huì)地點(diǎn).53 .Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consuming.andsometimesevenoverwhelming.【參考譯文】現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人能夠得到的信息比任何時(shí)代的人都多,而找到與他/她的特定問(wèn)題相關(guān)的那一點(diǎn)信息的任務(wù)不僅復(fù)雜、耗時(shí),有時(shí)甚至令人難以招架.

54、54 .Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.【參考譯文】隨著家庭離開(kāi)他們?cè)瓉?lái)穩(wěn)定的社區(qū),離開(kāi)他們多年的朋友和擴(kuò)展的家庭關(guān)系非正式的信息流動(dòng)被切斷了,隨之而去的是對(duì)在需要時(shí)能獲

55、得可靠和值得信賴(lài)的信息的信心第六節(jié)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)55 .Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization:fully76percentofJapans119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.【參考譯文】隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng),出現(xiàn)了集中化：全國(guó)1.19億公民,其中整整76%的人口定居城市：在這里,原來(lái)的社區(qū)和多代同堂的大家庭己被摒棄,取而代之的是與外界疏于往來(lái)的、只由兩代人

56、組成的核心家庭.56 .Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballsamongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam.【參考譯文】如果科學(xué)家對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式樣的整潔劃一的要求就像他論文的寫(xiě)作所反映的一祥

57、,那么治理層就不該因歧視研究者中的“思維與眾不同的人,喜歡其中較為傳統(tǒng)的“善于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的思想者而受到指責(zé)了.第七節(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式56.1 tsaninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,theE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.【參考譯文】它有一個(gè)互動(dòng)性的特征,訪(fǎng)問(wèn)者只需要鍵入諸如工作地點(diǎn)、職務(wù)和薪水等自己的求職要求,然后當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中有相匹配的職位出現(xiàn)時(shí),就會(huì)發(fā)郵件通知他們.58.Oftenitsthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.【參考譯文】經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況是表達(dá)方式會(huì)使聽(tīng)眾發(fā)笑,因此要講得慢一點(diǎn),而且記住抬抬眉毛或做出一個(gè)不相信的表情都能有助于讓別人看到你在心情輕松地