初三英語知識匯總

1、英語中考資料英語專題動詞短語、詞組歸納由動詞開頭構(gòu)成的短語、詞組很多。復習時應(yīng)分類處理：一、動詞+介詞 1look at看，look like 看上去像，look after 照料 2listen to聽3welcome to歡送到    4say hello to 向問好    5speak to對說話    此類短語相當于及物動詞，其后必須帶賓語，但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。如：This is my new bike. Please look it after.(&

2、#215;) This is my new bike. Please look after it.()二、動詞+副詞：“動詞+副詞所構(gòu)成的短語義分為兩類：A動詞vt.+副詞 1put on 穿上 2take off脫下  3write down記下 此類短語可以帶賓語，賓語假設(shè)是名詞，放在副詞前后皆可；賓語假設(shè)是人稱代詞，只能放在副詞的前面。試比擬：First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. ()First listen to the answer, the

3、n write down it.(×)First listen to the answer, then write it down.()B動詞vi+副詞。 1come on趕快  2get up起床  3go home回家  4come in進來  5sit down坐下 6stand up起立 此類短語屬于不及物動詞，不可以帶賓語。三、其它類動詞詞組1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have s

4、upper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介詞短語聚焦“介詞+名詞/代詞所構(gòu)成的短語稱為介詞短語?，F(xiàn)將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。1in+語言/顏色/衣帽等，表示使用某種語言或穿著。如：in English，in the hat2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在排/隊/班級/年級等。3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/黃昏等一段時間。4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom

5、 等表示“在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室里。5in the tree表示“在樹上 (非樹本身所有)；on the tree表示“在樹上(為樹本身所有)。如：There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6in the wall表示“在墻上凹陷進去；on the wall表示“在墻上指墻的外表。如：Therere four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7at work在工作/at school上學/at home在家應(yīng)注意此類短語中無th

6、e。8at + 時刻表示鐘點。如：at six, at half , past ten. 9like this/that表示方式，意為“像這/那樣。10of短語表示所屬關(guān)系。如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等，表示方位、處所。如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree. 12from與to多表示方向，前者意為“從，后者意為“到。如：from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work. 另外

7、，以下這些短語也必須掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike等。重點句型大回放1I think意為“我認為，是對某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否認式常用I dont think，如：I think hes Mr Zhinag. (L17)I dont think you are right. 2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為“把給，動詞give之后可接雙賓語，可用這兩種句型；假設(shè)指物的賓語是人稱代詞時，那么

8、只能用give it/ them to sb. 如：His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)3take sb./ sth. to意為“把(送)帶到，后常接地點，也可接人。如：Please take the new books to the classroom.4One, the other/One isand one is意為“一個是；另一個是，必須是兩者中。如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is r

9、ed, the other is grey.5Let sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事，人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動詞不定式，其否認式為Dont let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Lets 與Let us的含義不完全相同，前者包括聽者在內(nèi)，后者不包括聽者在內(nèi)，如：Lets go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事，前者用不定式作賓補，后者用介詞短語作賓補，二者可以互換。如：Let me help yo

10、u find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.7What about？/How about？意為“怎么樣？是用來詢問或征求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。about為介詞，其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。如：What/How playing chess? 8Its time to do/ Its time for sth. 意為“該做的時間了，其中to后須接原形動詞，for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。如：Its time to have supper. =Its time for supper.9like to do sth./like doing sth.意

11、為“喜歡做某事，如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動作；后一種句型側(cè)重習慣性的動作，試比擬：Tom likes swimming, but doesnt like to swim this afternoon. 10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為“讓某人(不要)做某事，其中ask sb.后應(yīng)接動詞不定式，如：Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)11show sb. sth. / show sth.

12、to do. 意為“把某物給某人看，該句型的用法同前面第2點。如：Show your friend your family photo.L36/Show your family photo to your friend.  12introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人介紹給另一人；introduce to sb.那么是“向某人作介紹。如：Introduce your family to her. L37構(gòu)詞法 ： 合成 ，派生 和 轉(zhuǎn)換   在2002年各地中考試卷中 ，各類構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)成的詞語比比皆是 ，俯拾即是 。隨便翻閱2002年北京西城區(qū)試卷 ，便會發(fā)現(xiàn)大

13、量此類詞語 。 如 ：1. 轉(zhuǎn)換法 構(gòu)成的詞語 ：          “點撥例析一 ：When he returned to England for a visit名詞 twenty years later, he decided to go back to his old college. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀A篇He went to visit動詞 the old man, and after they had an interesting talk, the teacher went out

14、 to get something. “點撥例析二 ：41.   Can you guess動詞 why the teacher still used the same exam paper twenty years later?    Because _.及其正確選項A. times have changed, answers have changed, too2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀A篇.可以補充這樣一句 ：Thats only my guess名詞.“點撥例析三 ：Mabel picked up the tickets and loo

15、ked at them. She was surprised形容詞. Then she was excited (興奮的)形容詞. One ticket was a winning ticket! 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀B篇可以補充這樣兩句 ：It surprised令人吃驚動詞 her and it also excited令人興奮動詞 her .“點撥例析四 ：A needle put into an acupuncture  point點 名詞針灸穴位on a patients leg, for example, changed the moving of energy

16、to the patients stomach (胃；腹部).Modern doctors point out指出動詞that the acupuncture points have many more nerve (神經(jīng)) endings than other places on the skin (皮膚). 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀C篇“點撥例析五 ：The group of men went out early the next morning and filmed拍電影動詞 a bright sunrise.Run the film電影片子名詞 backwards through

17、the projector so that we can   64 see   the sunset behind them. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)完形填空“點撥例析六 ：And you must take good care 名詞照看of yourself. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)聽力理解D. It seems that people care 動詞在乎，介意nothing but the result of acupuncture. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀D篇“點撥例析七 ：May I have a look名詞看一眼 at your n

18、ew dictionary? W:   She has to look動詞 after 照看 her sister in hospital now.2002年中考北京西城區(qū)聽力理解  2. 派生法 構(gòu)成的詞語 ：“點撥例析一 ：Mabel is a cashier (收銀員)名詞 in a big shop in New York. People can buy medicine, watches, sweets, and many other things.2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀B篇再補充一句 ：Mabels job is to receive and p

19、ay out cash現(xiàn)金名詞 , money in coins硬幣 or notes 紙幣.“點撥例析二 ：A few lucky幸運的形容詞 people win thousands of dollars. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀B篇可以補充一句 ：Only a few people had good luck運氣名詞 . Only a few people had the luck好運氣名詞 to win thousands of dollars . Before my friend takes the exam , I always say :“Good luck !祝你好運to

20、 him.“點撥例析三 ：Then she threw the tickets on the counter (柜臺)名詞 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀B篇可以補充幾句 ：Tom is only one year old . He cant count數(shù)數(shù)動詞 yet . Mary is already over two years old . She can count數(shù)數(shù)動詞 from one to twenty . “點撥例析四 ：On the way to Los Angeles Jeff talked to people about cancer. He also talked ab

21、out being disabled (傷殘)形容詞. Jeff is disabled(傷殘)形容詞, but he can do many things: he skis, swims, plays soccer, and runs. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀C篇可以補充幾句 ：Disabled(傷殘)形容詞 people have to deal with disability名詞傷殘缺陷 . Many soldiers were badly wounded and disabled使人至殘動詞被動語態(tài) ，過去分詞 in the war . The air strike succee

22、ded in disabling使癱瘓動詞動名詞 the enemys radar system .“點撥例析五 ：He finished college and is studying to be a lawyer (律師)名詞. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀C篇可以補充一句 ：He began to study law法律名詞 in college .“點撥例析六 ：Mr. Cho was worried擔憂形容詞. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀D篇可以補充幾句 ：Dont worry擔憂動詞 .“點撥例析七 ：Something was wrong with his goldfish.

23、To make the fish healthy健康形容詞 again, Mr. Cho pushed needles (針) into the backs of the fishes. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀D篇可以補充一句 ：Dont worry about your health健康名詞 .“點撥例析八 ： That may seem unusual 不尋常形容詞to some people, but it didnt seem unusual不尋常形容詞 to Mr. Cho. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀D篇可以補充一句 ：It seems colder than u

24、sual尋常形容詞 in the house . “點撥例析九 ： He is an acupuncturist a person who uses needles to kill illness疾病名詞 and pain疼痛名詞. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀D篇可以補充兩句 ：If you are ill生病形容詞, acupuncture may help you . It is still painful痛苦形容詞 for him to talk about his mothers death . “點撥例析十 ：Though acupuncture for goldfish is u

25、ncommon形容詞不常見, acupuncture for people is very common 形容詞常見in China. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀D篇“點撥例析十一 ： They even use acupuncture during operations名詞手術(shù) so that patients (sick persons)名詞病人 dont feel pain. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀D篇可以補充兩句 ：They even use acupuncture when doctors operate動詞動手術(shù) on patients . Doctors always l

26、isten to their patients stories with patience 名詞耐心.“點撥例析十二 ： One explanation 名詞(解釋) of how acupuncture works is thousands of years old. The Chinese were the first to use acupuncture. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀D篇可以補充一句 ：Some doctors explained動詞(解釋) how acupuncture works for the first time thousands of years ago

27、.3. 合成的詞語 ：“點撥例析一 ：Acupuncturists help people who have healthy problems like headaches名詞頭疼 and backaches名詞腰疼. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀D篇可以補充幾句 ：My head aches is aching動詞疼 . My back aches is aching動詞疼 . He has an ache名詞疼 in histhe back head.“點撥例析二 ：and the sun sets動詞 in the west. We can get you a sunrise名詞, bu

28、t not a sunset名詞. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)完形填空可以補充一句 ：The sun rises動詞 in the east and set動詞 in the west . “點撥例析三 ：“Go to the airport (a place where planes land and take off) 名詞機場 ， 航空港, take the next   58 flight   to the west coast, and get one. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)完形填空可以補充幾句 ：Lets go to the se

29、aport名詞海港 port名詞海港 and watch ships coming and going .How shall we go to Shanghai ? You can go by air名詞 , by sea名詞 or by land .“點撥例析四 ：Every day Jeff puts on an artificial形容詞 leg (man-made形容詞 leg)人造的. 2002年中考北京西城區(qū)閱讀C篇可以補充兩句 ：Would you like to try some home-made形容詞家里做的cake家常餅? A self-made形容詞有自力更生精神的 ，

30、 獨立自主的 man woman never asks others for help , but he she often succeeds .第二期 Book 聽力訓練 中考題庫近年中考?？贾R點一 單詞拼寫與單詞形式變化1. 單詞拼寫“單詞拼寫要在句子中練習 ，這樣不但可以掌握單詞拼寫，還同時練習了單詞的詞形變化和搭配使用 。練習 ：2002北京海淀區(qū)中考 五. 單詞拼寫 根據(jù)句意 ,補全單句中所缺字母。 把完整的單詞書寫在答題卡上 76 . There are all kinds of animals in the z_ _ . 答案 ：zoo2. 詞形變化練習 ：2002北京西城區(qū)

31、二、根據(jù)句意用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1. How many _ does your mother have? (sister)2. Miss Gao likes her students, and they like _, too. (she)3. Li Ming sits in the _ row. (six)4. Mike, is this coat _? (you)5. My brother is two years _ than I. (old)6. Which city is the _, Tokyo, Paris or Toronto? (large)3. 根本構(gòu)詞法練習

32、：試依據(jù)所給詞匯 ，“派生與“合成相關(guān)詞匯 。1America : _ 2 arm : _ 3 art : _ ; 4 Australia : _ ;5basket : _ ; 6 beautiful : _ ; 7 bed _ ; 8 birth : _ ; 9black : _ ; 10 book : _ .二句子構(gòu)成根本知識1. 句子轉(zhuǎn)換練習 : 沈陽 ：、改寫句子每空1分在改寫后的句中空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~，使該句意思與原句意思相同或相近。91.She was so weak that she couldnt take care of her baby.She was_weak_tak

33、e care of her baby.92.He didnt make any mistake in the exam.She didnt, either. _ _he_she made any mistake in the exam.93.The motorbike cost him 7000 yuan last year. He_7000 yuan_the motorbike last year.94.People use computers widely in the world. Computers _widely _in the world.95.Jane says science

34、isnt so interesting as music to her. Jane says science is_interesting_music to her.1. 完成句子練習 : 北京西城區(qū) ：一、根據(jù)句意和首字母的提示寫出所缺單詞，使該句子完整、合理。1. “Whats your n _? “Li Lei.2. I have a m _ of China.3. Please close the d _. Its cold outside.4. “What color is your bag? “Its r _.5. “Where do you l _? “In London.6.

35、He wants a cheap watch, but all the watches are too d _.2. 改寫句子練習 : 2002年哈爾濱市中考：五句型轉(zhuǎn)換此題共10分，每空0.5分按要求改寫以下各句，每空只限填一詞。1Mr Hu taught her maths last year.改為一般疑問句_Mr Hu _her maths last year?2.His friend has already posted the photos.改為否認句His friend _ posted the photos_.3.There is little water in the bott

36、le.改為反意疑問句There is little water in the bottle,_ _ _?4.Jim has stayed in China for five years. 就劃線局部提問_has Jim stayed in China?5.Where does he live? I dont know.改為含有賓語從句的句子I dont know_.6.John will go to bed after he finishes his homework.改為同義句John _to bed_ he finishes his homework.7.We spent twenty m

37、inutes cleaning the room yesterday.(改為同義句)It_twenty minutes_the room yesterday.8.I got up half an hour ago.(改為同義句)I_up for half an hour.3. 句子改錯練習 : 北京西城區(qū) ：三、以下各句中均有一處錯誤，找出錯誤，并將該序號填在括號中，然后將正確答案寫在橫線上。1. We can see lots of sheeps on the hill. _A    BC  D2. They flying kites in the p

38、ark now. _A  B C  D3. The twins are good to math. _A   B   C   D4. There will have a class meeting next Monday afternoon. _   B    C D 重溫重點句型1So + be助動詞情牽動詞主語L57前面陳述的肯定情況也適于另一人物時，常用到這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“另一人物也如此。前面陳述的否認情況也適于另一人物時，常用“Neither/

39、Nor + be助動詞情態(tài)動詞+主語這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：He likes playing basketball, and so do I. 他喜歡打籃球，我也喜歡。Kate cant speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim凱特不會說漢語。吉姆也不會。注意：“So+主語+be助動詞情態(tài)動詞這一句型常用于表示贊同，進一步肯定對方的看法，表示“確實如此?！笆茄健＠纾阂籅asketball is very popular game in America籃球在美國是一項很受歡送的運動。一So it is確實如此。2Turn rightleft at the

40、firstsecondcrossing.L61這一指路的句型意為“在第一二個十字路口向右左拐。相當于Take the first secondturning on the rightleft. 例如：一Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office？你能告訴我去最近的郵局的路嗎？一Walk along this road，and turn left at the third crossing. 沿著這條路走，在第三個路口向左拐。3It takes sbsome time to do sthL62此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段時間。其中的it

41、是形式主語，后面的動詞不定式短語才是真正的主語。例如：It took me half an hour to finish the hard work完成這項艱巨的工作花了我半個小時。4thinkfind + it + adj. + to do sth.L 66此句型中的it是形式賓語，不可用其它代詞替代，形容詞作賓語的補足語，后面的動詞不定式短語才是真正的賓語。例如：I found it important to learn English well. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學好英語很重要。5Whats wrong with？L72此句型相當于Whats the matter/ trouble with？后跟

42、某物作賓語時，意為“某物出什么毛病了？后跟某人作賓語時，意為“某人怎么了？例如：Whats wrong with your bike？你的自行車出什么毛病了？一Its broken它壞了。Whats wrong with you？你怎么了？一I have a pain in my head我頭痛。6tootoL75在sothat復合句中，that后的句子是否認句時，常與簡單句tooto太而不能進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：He is so young to go to school改為簡單句He is too young to go to school在sothat復合句中，that后的句子是肯定句時，

43、常與簡單句enough to進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out. 改為簡單句This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out. 7Sorry to hear that.L77全句應(yīng)為Im sorry to hear that. 意為“聽到此事我很難過遺憾。常用于對別人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意。例如：My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home. 我母親病了，因此我必須在家照看她。

44、Sorry to hear that.聽到此事我很難過。 重點短語快速復習第53頁共53頁豆稔家教1.kinds of 各種各樣的 2. eitheror或者或者，不是就是 3. neithernor既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因而著名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的盡頭，在的末尾11. wait for 等待12.

45、in time 及時13. make ones way to往艱難地走去14. just then 正在那時15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走錯路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵鬧，喧嘩19. get on 上車20. get off 下車21. stand in line 站隊22. waiting room 候診室，候車室23. at the head of在的前頭24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 亂丟，拋散26. in fact 實際上27. at midnight 在半夜28. h

46、ave a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take ones temperature 給某人體溫31. have/get a pain in某處疼痛32. have a headache 頭痛33. as soon as 一就34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stopfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地，反復地38. wake up 醒來，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look

47、 over 檢查41. take exercise運動42. had better(not) do sth.   最好不要干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按時45. out of從向外46. all by oneself 獨立，單獨47. lots of=a lot of 許多48. no longer/more=notany longer/more 不再49. get back 回來，取回50. sooner or later遲早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追趕54. take

48、sth. with sb. 某人隨身帶著某物55. take(good) care of=look after(well)好好照顧，照料56. think of 考慮到，想起57. keep a diary 堅持寫日記58. leave one by oneself 把某人單獨留下59. harder and harder 越來越厲害60. turn on翻開電燈、收音機、煤氣等61. turn off 關(guān)62. make faces 做鬼臉63. after a while過了一會兒64. have a cold 感冒65. with these words 說著這些話典型錯誤例析1你和他都

49、不細心。  誤：Neither you nor he are careful.  正：Neither you nor he is careful.  正：Neither he nor you are careful.  析：neithernor既不也不連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞在數(shù)上要與最鄰近的主語nor后的主語保持一致，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“就近原那么。遵循“就近原那么的還有以下三種情況：There be句型，eitheror或者或者，not onlybut also不但而且。2你用了塑料袋后，一定不要亂丟。  誤：After you use pl

50、astic bags, you mustnt throw about them.  正：After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about.  析：throw, about 屬“動詞+副詞型的動詞詞組，代詞作其賓語時，賓語需置于副詞前。類似的動詞詞組還有wake up,  look over,  get back, turn on, turn off等。3他不喜歡梨和蘋果。   誤：He doesnt like pears and apples.   正：

51、He doesnt like pears or apples.析：肯定句中常用and表示“和，而否認句中常用or表示“和。4吉姆跑得不夠快。   誤：Jim doesnt run enough fast.   正：Jim doesnt run fast enough. 析：enough用作形容詞修飾名詞時，置于名詞前或均可；enough用作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，需置于被修飾詞之后。5足球在中國越來越受歡送。   誤：Football is more popular and more popular .in China.&#

52、160;正：Football is more and more popular in China. 析：表示“越來越時，假設(shè)比擬級是在原級詞尾加-er構(gòu)成的，那么用“比擬級+and+比擬級，如：warmer and warmer, bigger and bigger等；假設(shè)比擬級是在原級前加more構(gòu)成的，那么用“more and more + 原級，如：more and more beautiful等。動詞 ： 時態(tài) ，情態(tài)動詞 ，系動詞 ，被動語態(tài) ，不定式 ，動詞各種用法1. 時態(tài)“點撥例析一 ：24.   He _ a letter to his fami

53、ly last Sunday.       A. wrote              B. write                    C. writes       &#

54、160;           D. has written答案 ：A. wrote       點撥 ：因為有l(wèi)ast Sunday的明確時間 ，故使用過去一般時 ?！包c撥例析二 ：30.   If he _ harder next time, he will catch up with us.       A. work   

55、                  B. worked          C. works                   D. will work答案 ：C. works &

56、#160;     點撥 ：因為有If條件從句 ，故使用現(xiàn)在一般時 ?！包c撥例析三 ：31.Hurry up! The play_for ten minutes.A.has begun B.had begun C.has been on D.began答案 ：C.has been on點撥 ：因為有上文Hurry up!的現(xiàn)在祈使句 ，因為有for ten minutes這個表示時間長度的狀語 ，故使用現(xiàn)在完成時 ?！包c撥例析四 ：36.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25_ Christmas D

57、ay.A. is B. was C. has beenD. will be答案 ：A. is點撥：雖然上文是一般過去時 ，但是賓語從句表示一個人人皆知的真實情況 ，故仍然使用一般現(xiàn)在完成時?！包c撥例析五 ：27. Look ! The boys _ happily in the river . A. swim   B. swam   C. will swim   D. are swimming 答案 ：D. are swimming 點撥 ：因為有上文Look !表示“此時此刻的時間 ，故使用現(xiàn)在進行時 ?！包c撥例析六 ：30. I will let you know about it as soon as I _ the news .A. will get  B. gets   C. got   D. get 答案 ：D. get 點撥 ：雖然有上文I will let you know about it表示“將要發(fā)生的時間 ，但是as soon as狀語從句的句型規(guī)定 ：只能使用一般現(xiàn)在時 ?！包c撥例析七 ：31. China _ the WTO and became a new member of it last yea