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1、精品文檔翻譯練習(xí)1 .( 通過體育鍛煉),we can always stay healthy.2 .According to the scientific research , (聽音樂能使我們放松 ).Is this really true?3 .(我們絕對(duì)不能)ignore the value of knowledge.4 .As is known to all,(假冒偽劣商品 )harm the interests ofconsumers.5 .Faced with failure,some people can stand up to it,(從失敗中汲取教訓(xùn) )and try ha

2、rd to fulfill what they are determined to do.答案及解析1. By taking exercises解析:通過鍛煉,我們可以保持健康。其實(shí)這題答案不止一個(gè)?!板憻挕笨梢杂妹~也 可以用動(dòng)詞短語。"通過"可以用 by表示方式,through表示途徑。By taking exercises /Through exercises 。往往 by 用于“by + doing ”,而 through 后接名詞哦。2. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed解析:“聽音樂”在句中作主語,“聽”

3、應(yīng)當(dāng)處理成動(dòng)名詞形式?!澳苁刮覀兎潘伞焙芏嗤瑢W(xué)會(huì)采用can make us feel relaxed的結(jié)構(gòu)。其實(shí),enable就有“能夠使某人”的含義,注意 enable sb. to do的表達(dá)。3. On no account can we解析:本題是強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣,強(qiáng)調(diào)"決不能",所以聯(lián)想到 on no account ,by no means,at no time,in no case 等。不管用哪一個(gè),都要注意它們是含有否定的意味的,因此在置于 句首時(shí)應(yīng)使用倒裝語序。4. fake and inferior commodities解析:“假冒偽劣商品”包含兩層含義:一是

4、假貨,二是次品,在翻譯成英文的時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意兩層含義的正確譯法?!凹倜啊辈荒苡?false 而應(yīng)選擇fake , “次品”可以說 inferior 表示質(zhì)量差,也可以用 commodity of low quality 。5. draw useful lessons from it解析:句意為:面對(duì)失敗,有的人能夠頑強(qiáng)抵抗,從中吸取教訓(xùn),努力實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)。本句由三個(gè)并列的謂語成分構(gòu)成,謂語動(dòng)詞分別是stand up to“汲取”和try 。 “汲取教訓(xùn)I”正確表達(dá)為draw a lesson from 。然而我們又能從全句判斷,從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)是為了將來能夠更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo),因此加上修飾語use

5、ful ,使內(nèi)容更明確。1. (隨著工商業(yè)的發(fā)展),the number of trees in many big cities hasdramatically reduced.2. Travel can widen our knowledge, (擴(kuò)大我們的眼界),and make oneopen-minded as well.3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, (這已經(jīng)對(duì)環(huán)境造 成了嚴(yán)重的污染).4. Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half

6、 of the 21st century, as long as we (堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為) that economic development is the center of all our work.5. He was convinced on the basis of(當(dāng)時(shí)已出現(xiàn)的情況) that there would be a long and difficult struggle.1. With industries and business developing quickly本句意為:隨著工商業(yè)的發(fā)展,許多大城市的樹木數(shù)量正急劇減少。隨著”要用介詞with或along with。工商

7、業(yè)”既包括工業(yè)也包括商業(yè),翻譯時(shí)要注意譯文的完整性。本句 也可譯成: With the quick development of industries and business.2. broaden our horizon句中的短語 widen our knowledge意思是 擴(kuò)大我們的眼界",make one open-minded是同 義復(fù)指,它們表示相同的意思卻在英語里使用不同的表達(dá),以避免用詞重復(fù)。這是英語行文的一個(gè)技巧,考生在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)盡量避免wordiness (用詞累贅),這個(gè)技巧在寫六級(jí)作文時(shí)也值得借鑒。本句還可以譯成:expand our vision 或 exte

8、nd our sight.3. which has seriously polluted the environment這已經(jīng)對(duì)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的污染”中的 這"顯然是指前半句提到的the smog in cities,這里需要的是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,補(bǔ)充說明城市煙霧對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。本句還可以譯成:which has brought serious pollution to the environment 。4. hold an idea/ insist on the idea/ stick to the idea本句意為:只要我們堅(jiān)持以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心,那么在 21世紀(jì)上半葉實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化

9、是完全 可能的。本題考查固定短語 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”的說法。除了答案提供的說法外還有以下說法大家可 以參考: persist in the idea/ persevere in the idea/ adhere to the idea 等。5. what had appeared by then情況”在這里沒必要直譯成 situation或case,本句含義是指基于當(dāng)時(shí)的情況使他確信, 因而可以用what引導(dǎo)作basis后置定語。還有一點(diǎn)需要注意的是,當(dāng)時(shí)已出現(xiàn)”要求我們?cè)诜g時(shí)準(zhǔn)確選擇時(shí)態(tài)。by then與過去完成時(shí)態(tài)想一致,也可以用at that time。1.The doctor (建議用一種新

10、藥來治療這種?。?. The two parties differ very sharply from each other(在采取正確的補(bǔ)救辦法的問題上)3. An average student with average intelligence can be a top student (只要仔細(xì)安排他/她的時(shí)間).4. (讓世界發(fā)展如此之快的)is the modern science and technology.5. A student must treasure his time and (吸收盡可能多的知識(shí)) to lay a solid foundation for his

11、future career.1. suggests treating the case with a new drug解析:考生容易將此句“治療”翻譯成 cure , cure強(qiáng)調(diào)“治療、治愈,側(cè)重治療效果”, 如:The doctor used special medicines to cure him of the measles.(醫(yī)生用特效藥治愈了麻疹。)而treat強(qiáng)調(diào)醫(yī)治的過程,后接 sb.或sth.作賓語。另外,“建議做某事” 通??梢杂镁湫汀皊uggest doing ”或asuggest that ”從句。2. over the correct remedies to app

12、ly解析:首先要看到differ - from的結(jié)構(gòu),它表示“和不同","與在某方面不同”要用 differ from over/on/upon。"問題"是范疇詞,不需要譯成over thequestion of the correct remedies to apply以避免累贅。考生要注意比較differ from與differ with的差別。differ with是說“不同意的意見“,相當(dāng)于 disagree with ,如:I differ with him on that point, though he may be right.(在那點(diǎn)上

13、,我不同意他的意見,盡管他可能是對(duì)的。)3. if he plans his/her time carefully解析:本題考查代詞在人稱、數(shù)、性上的一致性。全句意為:一個(gè)中等智力水平的學(xué)生只要安排他/她的時(shí)間也能成為優(yōu)等生。Student是單數(shù),但無法確定名詞的性,因此條件句中可用陽性或陰性。4. What makes the world develop so fast解析:根據(jù)句子各部分語法功能判斷,我們?cè)谶@里需要的是一個(gè)主語,因此必須將需填入部分譯成 what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,全句意思為“什么讓世界發(fā)展如此之快一一是現(xiàn)代科 技”。5. absorb as much knowledge as

14、 he can解析:本句意為:學(xué)生應(yīng)該珍惜寶貴時(shí)間并吸收盡可能多的知識(shí)以便為將來事業(yè)打下堅(jiān) 實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。"吸收"可選用 absorb , drink in , take in.“盡可能多的“譯為 as many as 或as much as,具體要看句中名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)。lay a foundation for表示"為打下基礎(chǔ)”。1. (除非你和保險(xiǎn)公司簽訂貨物保險(xiǎn)合同),you are not entitled to arepayment for the goods damaged in delivery.2. (據(jù)報(bào)道,這個(gè)地方衛(wèi)生組織 25年前就成立了)w

15、hen Dr. Mark became its first president.3. Mrs. Smith shut the window lest(外面的噪音會(huì)影響她兒子的睡眠).4. The new mayor was charged (未能履行他降低通貨膨脹率的承諾).5. (每當(dāng)遇到這類問題時(shí),我的大腦就一片空白),and I can hardlyremember my own date of birth.1. Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods解析:本題考查對(duì)連詞unless用法的掌

16、握。unless表示“除非否則”,相當(dāng)于“ifnot",常用于引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。2. It is reported that the local health organization was established 25 yearsago/The local health organization is reported to have been established25 years ago解析:本題考查形式主語it及被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。It is reported that 意為“據(jù)報(bào)道”,it為形式主語,后面的that從句為句子的真正主語,表示“衛(wèi)生組織成立”應(yīng) 該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。另

17、外,本句也可以直接用報(bào)道的對(duì)象the local health organization 充當(dāng)主語,原來從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的不定式的完成式。3. the noise outside (should) interfere with her son' s sl eep解析:本題考查對(duì)虛擬語氣和短語interfere with的掌握。連詞lest (以免),for fearthat (唯恐,恐怕)和in case (萬一)引起的從句中謂語動(dòng)詞常使用虛擬語氣,其形式為“should +動(dòng)詞原形",should可省略。interfere with 意為"打擾妨礙(某事

18、)”。4. with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate解析:本題考查 charge的搭配以及其他一些短語的用法。Charge sb. with sth. 意為“以某事指控或控告某人",另外accuse(of)也表示“指控或控告”,注意不同的介詞搭配。Failure(fail) to do sth. 常用于表示“未能做成某事”,本句中是跟在介詞with后面,所以用名詞 failure 。5. When confronted with such questions , my mind goes bl

19、ank解析:本題考查對(duì)短語be confronted with及單詞blank的掌握。Be confronted withsb./sth.表示“面對(duì)、面臨某人或某事",go blank 常用于表示“(思想或大腦)變得空白、呆滯”。1. (我沒有買到一張好票) for yesterday ' s movie.2. It ' s confirmed that (鐵路將延伸到我們村子)3. The new manager of our company(有很強(qiáng)的事業(yè)心).4. When I walked past his house , (我聽見他在彈鋼琴)5. (學(xué)生們應(yīng)該

20、從這里得出一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)):Don' t be misled by falseappearances.1. I didn ' t buy a good seat解析:題中“好票”是一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng),是典型的漢語表達(dá)?!皼]有買到一張好票”實(shí)際上是說“沒有買到好座位”,因此不能譯成I didn ' t buy a good ticket 。2. the railway will be extended to our village解析:本題考查英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的翻譯。雖然原中文句給出了主動(dòng)語態(tài), 但在這里主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。因?yàn)殍F路不可能自己延伸, 延伸鐵路的必定是人。再如: 這個(gè)問題已

21、經(jīng)解 決了。(The problem has been solved. )3. is a man of great enterprise解析:本題也有很強(qiáng)的干擾性??忌鬃g成 has a strong heart of career,這種翻譯看起來與中文對(duì)應(yīng),實(shí)際上不能被接受,而且完全背離了原文的意思?!昂軓?qiáng)的事業(yè)心”有自己 固定說法:sb. of great enterprise , 也可以說 成: be self-motivated andresult-oriented 。4. I heard him playing the piano解析:本題是對(duì)基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查。我們知道,感官的動(dòng)詞

22、hear, see, watch等有兩 種接續(xù)形式:一個(gè)是后接現(xiàn)在分詞,一個(gè)是后接不帶 to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。接現(xiàn)在分 詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中;接不帶 to的不定式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。根據(jù)題意,應(yīng)該選擇第一 種翻譯。5. Students should draw a lesson here解析:本題意為:學(xué)生們應(yīng)該從這里得出一條經(jīng)驗(yàn):不要被假象所迷惑??吹健敖?jīng)驗(yàn)”一詞,大多考生會(huì)反應(yīng)出experience,但根據(jù)全句意思可知,"經(jīng)驗(yàn)”兩字在這里并不是指取得成功之后所積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn),而是指從錯(cuò)誤和失敗中得出的教訓(xùn)。Lesson表示教訓(xùn)、懲戒、訓(xùn)誡等,在譯文中能準(zhǔn)確傳遞原文的內(nèi)涵。1. We

23、 had better(天天鍛煉身體).2. (為了不影響他們),we left quietly.3. (我答復(fù)她)that I would accept her invitation.4. According to the newly-announced policy , we should (努力 搞活國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)).5. It has become an utmost urgency that(必須清除政府中的貪污腐化現(xiàn)象).1. take exercise everyday解析:考生如果按照字面將此句翻譯成train our body everyday ,那么就完全不符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣

24、。雖然train有鍛煉、訓(xùn)練、培養(yǎng)之意,但一般用于train horses , train the football team , train athletes 等,不能說 train one ' s body ,"鍛煉身體"的習(xí)慣譯法是:do/take exercise2. Not to disturb them解析:本題主要從兩個(gè)方面考察同學(xué)們對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握。一是“影響”的正確選詞; 二是不定式作目的狀語的否定用法。"影響"在這里不能選用influence ,因?yàn)閕nfluence表示一種影響人和事或?qū)е率录l(fā)生的力量,具有感化力。而本句從

25、意思來看應(yīng)該是為了不打擾別人,所以應(yīng)該選用 disturb。雖然漢語表述上都是“影響”,但譯成英文時(shí)要聯(lián)系上 下語境來分析。不定式作目的狀語時(shí),否定用法只需要在不定式前加否定詞not即可。3. I replied to her解析:本題主要考查詞義辨析。"答復(fù)”在英文里可以選用reply和respond , reply是比較正式的書面用于,有時(shí)也可以用于口頭或行動(dòng)上的應(yīng)答,表示正式而且經(jīng)過考慮過后的回答,指答復(fù)對(duì)方論點(diǎn)或問題等,側(cè)重于答復(fù)的內(nèi)容。Respond是比較正式的用語,往往對(duì)表示號(hào)召、職責(zé)、請(qǐng)求等作出相應(yīng)的答復(fù)或反映。如:他沒有對(duì)我的問題作出任何反應(yīng)。(He didn 

26、9; t respond to my question. )4. invigorate the large and medium-sized stated-owned enterprises解析:很多考生會(huì)把"努力搞活"翻譯成 endeavor to invigorate , try our best to invigorate 。其實(shí),“搞活”企業(yè)就必須付出“努力”, “努力”和“搞活”之間存在意義 重疊。Invigorate 已經(jīng)包括“努力使活躍”的含義,因此沒必要將兩個(gè)中文單詞都翻譯出 來。另外,大家要記住“國(guó)有企業(yè)","外資企業(yè)"(ov

27、erseas-funded enterprises ),“合資企業(yè)"(joint venture )的英文譯文。5. the administration must be cleaned of graft and corruption解析:本題既考查了無主句的轉(zhuǎn)換,又考查了抽象詞的省譯,還考查了固定短語搭配。 句子需填入部分沒有給出主語,“貪污腐化現(xiàn)象”不可能自己清除自己,因此最佳方案是譯成被動(dòng)句式;“貪污腐化”本身就是一種現(xiàn)象,英文不能重復(fù)譯成the phenomena of graftand corruption ; "清除" 的常用搭配有:be elimin

28、ated from , be cleared away from ,be cleaned of , be cleaned out , be weeded out 。1. It was essential that(我們?cè)谠碌浊昂炗喓贤?2. (家庭人 口多好還是人 口 少好)is a very popular topic , which is oftentalked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.3. We must(用一切可能的辦法來幫助他們).4. We(盡情地吃了一頓)at the new restaur

29、ant last Friday.5. To most of the travelers , (衣、食、住、行 )are all important elements.1. We sign the contract by the end of the month解析:當(dāng)表示愿望,要求,命令等含義的形容詞如 advisable, appropriate , better, best, desirable, essential, fitting , imperative, important, impossible, incredible , insistent, natural, necessar

30、y, obligatory , preferable, proper, ridiculous , strange, surprising , urgent, vital 出 現(xiàn)在形式主語句中時(shí),從句要用虛擬語氣。"簽訂合同"英語固定說法是sign the contract。"在月底前"要用by the end of,而不是at the end of。2. Whether a large family is good or not解析:如果按照中文順序逐一翻譯就會(huì)得出譯文Whether a large family is good thing or asm

31、all family is a good thing ,這并沒有語法錯(cuò)誤,但不符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。"家庭人口多好還是少好"可以理解為:家庭人口多是好事?還是壞事?所以這里我們可以采用反譯法,將"還是人口少好"轉(zhuǎn)移為漢語意思為"(人口多是好)還是不好”的英文表達(dá)-or not,使譯文簡(jiǎn)潔明了,避免羅嗦。3. help them in every way possible解析:本題最有可能出現(xiàn)的譯文是:use very possible way to help them。這樣譯文不能說錯(cuò),但不是最間接、最好的翻譯。英語里,通常把方式狀語放在謂語部分之

32、后,所以可得 出譯文:help them in every possible way。原句"可能"出現(xiàn)在被修飾語"辦法"之前。根據(jù)英文 習(xí)慣,"可能"的對(duì)應(yīng)詞possible應(yīng)該放在所修個(gè)的中心詞way之后,所以有了最終譯文:helpthem in every way possible 。4. ate to our hearts ' content解析:本題讓考生們困擾的是如何翻譯 "一頓”這個(gè)量詞。其實(shí),“一頓”是漢語特有的量 詞表達(dá),是對(duì)"吃”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的補(bǔ)充說明。"在那家新餐館吃"就

33、暗含了 "吃了一頓”的含義。英 語里沒有"一頓”的對(duì)應(yīng)詞。一般來說,可以不譯,不影響全句意思的表達(dá)。"盡情地"是個(gè)固定搭配, 可譯成: to one ' s heart ' s contetotthe top of one ' $ bent5. food , clothing , shelter, and transportation解析:本題要求考生熟悉漢英習(xí)語在轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)的異同。有些漢語習(xí)語在轉(zhuǎn)移成英語時(shí)不需要變換位置。如:日日夜夜 (day and night);但也有一些需要改變前后順序,如:新舊 (old and new);

34、水火(fire and water);田徑(track and 巾eld);鋼鐵(iron and steel);貧富(rich and poor);血肉 (flesh and blood)。請(qǐng)注意本題中哪些詞語的英譯改變了順序。1 .(直至U失去健康)that people know the value of health.2 .The bag was stuffed( 臟衣服)3 .(彳艮多朋友不在 ), we decided to put the meeting off.4 .(給我印象最深的 )were her liveliness and sense of humor.5 .Ther

35、e engines are(不如我們制造的那些發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率大).參考答案;hide1 . It is not until they lose it大家對(duì)not until/until的用法掌握比較好,不過比較少人用it來替代下文的health,答案的替代比較簡(jiǎn)潔,翻譯中應(yīng)該避免重復(fù)使用同一個(gè)詞。2 .with dirty clothes這里主要是考察be stuffed with (被填滿)的用法,這是一個(gè)四級(jí)單詞,是搭配問題。3 .With many friends absent這里主要是考察對(duì) absent adj./vi./absence n.缺席的各種表達(dá),如果按照原文 不在“翻譯,顯然

36、比較生硬且與下文不符,因此要善于根據(jù)上下文推斷原文意思。4 .What impressed me the most名詞性從句 what impressed me the most ,有部分滬友遺漏了其中的"the",表示最高級(jí)一般都要使用定貫詞 the,如the largest、the hardest等。5 . less powerful than the ones we have made很多人都用比較級(jí),可是卻忽略了比較級(jí)是用在形容詞/副詞上的,如 faster、bigger、more beautiful等。因此這里應(yīng)該用 power的形容詞powerful ,另要強(qiáng)調(diào)

37、機(jī)器是我們制造的-wehave made.hide1)(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南)is still a secret.6 )(最讓我不解的)was that he spoke English so well.7 )( 這么做是故意的 )became obvious.8 ) It is not clear yet(誰應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé) ).9 ) It is none of your business(瑪麗與誰訂婚 ).1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan(考點(diǎn):主語從句)2) What confused me most(考點(diǎn):同上)3) That

38、this was done on purpose(考點(diǎn):同上)4) who should be responsible for this matter(考點(diǎn):較長(zhǎng)的主語從句可以后置,用 it作形式主語)5) whom Mary is engaged to(考點(diǎn):同上)1.People in some big cities are highly mobile,(因止匕彳艮多人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難彼此深交)。2 .My friend warned me(不要把鑰匙留在車上,已經(jīng)發(fā)生了 多起偷車?yán)飽|西的事件)。3 .It is a paradox that(如此富裕的國(guó)度居然生活著這么多貧窮的人民)。4 .Af

39、ter a long discussion, the workers have finally(達(dá)成一致,決定罷工應(yīng)再持續(xù)兩天)。5 .The house was on fire now ,(但那個(gè)小伙子在救那個(gè)小男孩時(shí)表現(xiàn)出了極大的勇氣)。1 .and therefore many find it difficult to became deeply involved with each other2 .not to leave my car unlocked as there had been lots of stealing from cars3 .such a rich country

40、 should have so many poor people living in it4 .reached the decision that they should hold on their strikefor two more days82. (他們的獨(dú)生兒子從未想過)to leave them and strike out onhis own though he is in his late twenties.83. Before you take any action, please remember to(權(quán)衡你的決定會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果).84. He assured his fri

41、end that under no circumstances(他會(huì)違背還錢的承諾).85. Most educators advise that kids (不要沉溺于電腦游戲 ).86. Business major as he is, he has(從未考慮過從事推銷員的工作).87. Their only son has never thought/considered88. weigh and consider the consequences which your action may produce.89. would he break his promise to pay th

42、e money back.90. should not be absorbed in PC games.91. never considered working as a salesman/to do sales work.1. This is yet(兩國(guó)人民的又一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)).2. His scientific works(在英語國(guó)家得到廣泛閱讀 ).3. Revolution meansthe emancipation of the productive forces , (改 革也是解放生產(chǎn)力).4. He is optimistic(對(duì)現(xiàn)時(shí)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r).5. Work in a

43、ll fields should be subordinated to and(服務(wù)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的進(jìn)程).1. another common point between the people of our two countries解析:本題考查通過增補(bǔ)介詞使譯文的意思更完整。雖然原文沒有和 between相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,但是"共同點(diǎn)”是兩國(guó)人民之間在某方面進(jìn)行比較的結(jié)果,所以增補(bǔ)between之后,符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。增詞法也是漢譯英中常用技巧之一,再如:她以教書為業(yè)。(She is a teacherby occupation.) 我已重新考慮了那件事。(I ' vehad se

44、cond thought on that matter.)2. were widely read in English-speaking countries解析:若是按照字面翻譯,這句話很可能被譯為were widely read in Englishcountries 。但是原文中"英語國(guó)家"的含義是"講英語白國(guó)家"。這體現(xiàn)了英漢表達(dá)差異。請(qǐng) 考生看下面這句話的英譯:我賣掉了彩電。/I sold out my color TV.這句譯文錯(cuò)誤在于,沒弄清"彩電"的含義。"彩電"有兩層意思:一是指具體的實(shí)物,即彩色電

45、視機(jī)color TVset; 二是指屏幕上出現(xiàn)的影像,即彩色電視color TV。而句子中賣掉的只能是機(jī)器,具體的實(shí)物。3. and so does reform解析:本題意為:革命是解放生產(chǎn)力,改革也是解放生產(chǎn)力。考點(diǎn)有二:第一,考查詞 性轉(zhuǎn)移。原文中"解放"用作動(dòng)詞,"生產(chǎn)力"作賓語。譯文中處理成名詞短語"對(duì)生產(chǎn)力的解放"。 第二, 考查省譯法。我們不能把原文譯成and reform also means the emancipationof the productive forces ,這種結(jié)構(gòu)顯得臃腫累贅。為避免重復(fù),可以選用

46、and so does.來代替這個(gè)動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)。4. about the present development of information industry解析:" 表示樂觀"可以用句型 be optimistic about sth. 。這句話不能譯成about the status of the present development of information industry。"狀況"是一個(gè)范疇詞,沒有實(shí)際含義,可省略不譯。5. serve the economic development解析:”服務(wù)于." 即"為. 服務(wù)&

47、quot;,所以要用serve sb./ sth.的結(jié)構(gòu),不能譯成be served to 。"進(jìn)程"也是一個(gè)范疇詞,可以省略不譯。另外, be subordinated to 是 一個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu),含義是"從屬于.,隸屬于."。1. A dog has won a German government award(因協(xié)助警方勸阻一名婦女自殺).2. The manager points out(我們的工作進(jìn)展令人滿意).3. (這棟房子需要現(xiàn)代化 ):it has no bathroom or electricity.4. ( 飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛 )has n

48、ot been announced.5. His idea is(應(yīng)該立即執(zhí)行計(jì)劃 ).1. for helping police persuade a woman not to commit suicide解析:本句考查的是句子邏輯關(guān)系。 根據(jù)意思可知,句子前半句是果,后半句是因?!耙?只狗因?yàn)閰f(xié)助警方阻止了一名婦女的自殺而獲德國(guó)政府獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)”。英語通常把表示目的、假設(shè)、原因、讓步等內(nèi)容放在句子的后部,因此這句話可以由because , for來引導(dǎo)。"自殺”有一個(gè)固定短語commit suicide ,"勸阻”要用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果成功的persuade。2. that our wo

49、rk is progressing satisfactorily解析:本題考查詞性的轉(zhuǎn)譯,即:將原漢語句子中的動(dòng)詞“令人滿意”轉(zhuǎn)移成英語的副詞satisfactorily 。這種詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是翻譯常用技巧,適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)換可使譯文通順,符合英文 表達(dá)習(xí)慣。另外,句子需填入部分在全句中充當(dāng)賓語從句,因而不能漏譯that。3. This house needs modernizing解析:本題同樣考查漢英詞性轉(zhuǎn)換技巧。全句意為:這棟房子既沒有浴室也沒有電,(因而)需要現(xiàn)代化?!艾F(xiàn)代化”在漢語里是一個(gè)名詞,在這個(gè)句子中實(shí)際上指的是“房子”需 要配置現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備,它的含義不等同于modernization , “

50、配備現(xiàn)代化設(shè)施”可以用modernizing來表示。英語里很多以-ing結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞表示該動(dòng)作的過程,通常與need連用,如:These clothes need washing.本題是從名詞到動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。4. When the plane is to take off解析:本題考查的是以連接副詞when引導(dǎo)的主語從句的翻譯。中文意思是:飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛還沒有公布。這樣的主語從句一般可以采用順序法翻譯。順序法同樣也適用于以 that , what, whatever , who, whoever, where, how, why等弓I導(dǎo)的主語從句。如:認(rèn)識(shí)他 的人都信任他。(Who knows

51、him will believe him.)本題的另一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是:“什么時(shí)候起飛”是一個(gè)將來時(shí)態(tài),可以用 be to來表達(dá)。5. that the plan should be carried out immediately解析:本題綜合考查了表語從句、無主語翻譯以及慣用搭配。首先,His idea is 前半部分是一個(gè)完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),句子需填入部分在全句中充當(dāng)表語;其次,“應(yīng)該立即執(zhí)行計(jì)劃”中“計(jì)劃”是被用來執(zhí)行的,但是題干中并沒有提到誰會(huì)來執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。因此,在主語沒有出現(xiàn)的情況下,可以采用被動(dòng)譯法?!皥?zhí)行計(jì)劃”在英語里可以用carry out theplan , perform the p

52、lan , implement the plan 來表示。1. We' ll be all right(只要我們能到達(dá)下一個(gè)加油站)2. Seeing these pictures(讓我想到了我的童年時(shí)代)3. We all know the fact that(他們已使工廠現(xiàn)代化).4. It is quite clear that(整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失?。?. All the lights in this building(都受這個(gè)開關(guān)的控制)1. if only we can get to the next petrol-station解析:本題“只要"不能用 as lon

53、g as , as long as 保留時(shí)間方面的含義,它引導(dǎo)的條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞,如:I ' ll let you use the room as longas you keep it clean.(只要你能保持房間清潔,我就讓你用這個(gè)房間。)如果條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞表示短暫性的動(dòng)作,最好用if only。本句中“到達(dá)”就是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞,因此不選用 as long as 。2. reminded me of my own childhoodmake sb. do/ let sb. do 的句型。remind sb. of sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。(這部影片使他回想起在中(

54、這使她回想起了大學(xué)里的日子。)解析:一般說來,“讓某人做某事”是祈使句,多用 但題中情況較特殊。按英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣,使某人想起某事要用 如: The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.國(guó)所看至U 的切。)This reminded her of college days.remember指“記住、牢記“,與 remind - of 有區(qū)別。3. they have modernized their factories解析:本題考查that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。The fact是先行詞,指代后半句整個(gè)內(nèi)容,“他們已使工廠現(xiàn)代化”是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充。

55、4. the whole project is doomed to failure/fail解析:that-從句作主語通常用it作形式主語,而將that-從句置于句末。如:It is a pity that you should have to leave.(你非走不可真是件憾事。)另外,“注定"是個(gè)固定搭配,be doomedto 通常后接名詞或不定式,如:The prisoner was doomedto death.(囚犯被判處死刑。)His dogmatism is doomed to put him into isolation.(他的獨(dú)斷專行注定使他陷入孤立。)5. ar

56、e controlled by this switch解析:本題翻譯并不難,但考查了 “ by+執(zhí)行者”在句中的用法。我們知道,“by+執(zhí)行者”結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng),通常在句中可以省略。但在以下幾種場(chǎng)合必須翻譯出來。第一, 當(dāng)執(zhí)行者指藝術(shù)家、發(fā)明家、發(fā)現(xiàn)者、革新者等的專有名詞時(shí), 如:The Last Dinner was painted by Da Vinci.(最后的晚餐是達(dá)?芬奇畫的)。第二,當(dāng)執(zhí)行者是非確定性名詞短語時(shí)。如: While the boy was walking on the road , he was robbed of his bread by an old man.(那個(gè)男

57、孩在路上行走時(shí),他的面包被一老人搶去。)本題所考查的正是第三種;當(dāng)執(zhí)行者是非生物性名詞短語時(shí)。I.There is no rush now -(比賽已經(jīng)取消了).2 . I'm not supposed to let anyone in without a card,(但對(duì)你我就破次例).3 .(我們得把休假日推遲)until you 're better.4 . Don ' t bother carrying all those things,(我本不想給你添許多麻煩).5 .( 我不大想去參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)),but I ' d better put in an

58、appearance.1. the match has been called off其實(shí)call off(取消、放棄)這個(gè)短語在很早期的節(jié)目就出現(xiàn)過。用 cancel ,同樣適用。2. but I ' ll make an exception in your casemake an exception (例外),容易與 reception 混淆。很多人認(rèn)識(shí) except 但是不會(huì)使 用exception ,由此我們也應(yīng)該注意,在記憶單詞的時(shí)候,要將其相關(guān)的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容 詞、副詞記下來?。?. We ' ll have to put off (going on) vacationput off a. 推遲,延期(=delay),例如 put off a meeting till Saturday.4. I didn ' t mean to give you a lot of trouble這句的翻譯重點(diǎn)在“本”字,很多人翻譯時(shí)忽略了這點(diǎn),因此翻譯后的意思變成了 “我不想給你添麻煩?!边@里應(yīng)該用mean to do來表示用意。另外不宜用 shouldn ' t,這樣會(huì)讓意思變成已經(jīng)trouble you 了,我覺得這里另外一種表達(dá)可以為would not like totrouble u.5. I do

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