高考英語語法必考點與常考點歸納

1、2016高考英語語法必考點與?？键c歸納一、冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法1指一類人或事，相當于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有個男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相當于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相當于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事 Hello, could I spea

2、k to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isn't_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒）6用于固定詞組中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)

3、+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前success(抽象名詞)a success(具體化) 成功的人或事a failure 失敗的人或事 a shame 帶來恥辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遺憾的事 a must 必需必備的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知識II. 定冠詞的用法1表示某一類人或物In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the

4、 B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于演奏樂器play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”（對比上文的不定冠詞用法5）Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, ple

5、ase?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某

6、個年代in the 1990s(二十世紀九十年代)11用于表示度量單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠詞（又名零冠詞）的用法1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，

7、月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5表示球類，棋類等運動的名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填D. 不填；不填7以and連接的兩

8、個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的復數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.二、名詞和主謂一致I. 名詞的種類專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團體機構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞特別注意:名詞類別的相互轉(zhuǎn)換個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例 句意 義名詞性質(zhì)She held some flowers in her hand.The trees are now in flower花兒個體名詞開花抽象名詞Youth is beautiful.He is a youth

9、 of twenty青春抽象名詞年輕人個體名詞They have achieved remarkable success in their work.How about the Christmas evening party? I should say it was a success. 成功抽象名詞成功的事個體名詞物質(zhì)名詞與個體名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例 句意 義名詞性質(zhì)Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron.鐵物質(zhì)名詞熨斗個體名詞He broke a piece of glass.He broke a glass.玻璃物質(zhì)名詞玻璃杯個體名詞I

10、 bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to some chicken小雞個體名詞雞肉物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換具有動作意義的抽象名詞加用與某些動詞（如：have等）連用，表示某一次短暫的動作Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,aThey sen

11、t us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名詞）A.a B.an C./ D.theCould we have word before you go to the meeting? 話（個體名詞）A.a B.an C./ D.the類例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(進步)/make an early start(早點出發(fā))/make a decision/make a chan

12、ge/give a cry of pain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲) /give a try表示知識和時間的抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞時可以用來表示其中的一部分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道實際情況)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供關(guān)于中國更為翔實的知識)have a knowledge of shorthand(有

13、速記的知識) If there were no examination, we should have_at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞可用來表示“一次、一陣、一種”具體的行為、事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果。這時名詞前往往有形容詞修飾Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How

14、pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surpriseShe looked up when I shouted.A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to have a lo

15、ok at it.A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusualII. 名詞的數(shù)規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式：名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es（參看有關(guān)語法書）。英語里有些名詞的復數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，請看下表III. 主謂一致規(guī) 則例 詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3只有復數(shù)形式ashes

16、, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復數(shù)（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirit

17、s(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7表示“某國人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)sons-in-law, lookers-o

18、n, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)women singers, men servants規(guī)則情 況舉 例語法一致原則以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動詞不定式短語，動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for you

19、r eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.由連接詞and或bothand連接起來的主語后面，要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,

20、each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some, any no, every構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl lik

21、es it.Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter若none of 后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以。None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America.在定語從句里，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which 等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Thos

22、e who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.在強調(diào)句型中應與被強調(diào)部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式； 如果它指的集體的成員

23、，其謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的學生）由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap o

24、f/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，還有a number of +復數(shù)名詞有類似的用法（用復數(shù)），但the number of +復數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number

25、 而定（用單數(shù)）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.邏輯意義一致原則What, wh

26、o, which, any, more, all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復數(shù)， 主要靠意思來決定。Which is your bag? Which are your bags?Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.表示時間重量長度價值等的名詞的復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。

27、Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.如強調(diào)這類詞的復數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英語是書名名格言劇名報名國名等的復數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。The United States is smaller than China.“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后面接復數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。On

28、e and a half apples is left on the table.一些學科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都屬于形式上是復數(shù)的名詞， 實際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。The paper works was built in 1990.這家造紙廠建于1990年。I dont think physics is easy to study.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等詞作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)，但如果這些名

29、詞前有a(the) pair of 等量詞修飾時（clothes被a suit of 修飾）謂語動詞用單數(shù)。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動詞用復數(shù)；若表示某一類東西時，動詞用單數(shù)。The old are taken good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.就近/遠一致原則當兩個主語由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or

30、連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語保持一致,即就近一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 句型中be 動詞的單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and 連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致，即就近一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

31、There is a desk and two chairs in the room.主語后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短語， 謂語動詞要跟主語一致，即就遠一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was

32、 on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.三、代詞I. 代詞可以分為以下八大類1人稱代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, the

33、m形容詞性物主代詞my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性物主代詞mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs2反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves3指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some4疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever5關(guān)系代詞/連接代詞that, which

34、, who, whom, whose, as6不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a littleother/ another, all/ both, neither/ either7相互代詞each other,one anotherII. 不定代詞用法注意點類 別區(qū) 別例 句one, some，any和itone可以泛指人或者事（東西），其復數(shù)為onesWeve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet.

35、 A.one B.ones C.it D.them Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復，或者表示建議，請求等Your coffee smells great! Its from MexicoWould you like _?A.it B.some C.this D.1ittlesome 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個I ha

36、ve read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _way as you please.A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Eitherone指同類中的一個，it指代同一種類的東西。此外it還可以作形式主語、形式賓語和用于強調(diào)句型中。There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?

37、No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;itsome多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句Theres _cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,anyWe had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _.A

38、.none B.either C.any D.eachHe doesnt have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk.A. any B. many C. some D. mucheach和everyeach強調(diào)個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上Each student has a pocket dictionary.Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and we

39、ak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.none和nono等于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復數(shù)皆可以There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.other和anotherother泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：the other day,

40、 every otherweek, someother reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復數(shù)為the othersBoth sides have accused of breaking the contract.A. another B. the other C. neither D. eachTwo students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”We had a picnic

41、 last term and it was a lot of fun，so lets have _ one this month Athe other Bsome Canother DotherThe trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.either和neither前者意思為：兩者都（兩者中任何一方都）；后者意思為：兩者都Do you want tea or coffee? _, I really don

42、't mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. allIt was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language.A. none B. neither C. both D. each四、形容詞和副詞I. 形容詞1.形容詞的位置：形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況下后置1修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時nobody absent, everything pos

43、sible2以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語時后置the only person awake4和空間、時間、單位連用時a bridge 50 meters long5成對的形容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修飾名詞時可以前置也可以后置，但

44、修飾形容詞或副詞時要后置_to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave注意：多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序熟記口訣就可以順利解題：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。規(guī)則：限定語（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（?。? shape（形狀）+ ag

45、e（年齡、時間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國籍、來源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。This _ girl is Lindas cousin. (05北京卷)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish2.復合形容詞的構(gòu)成1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞o

46、rdinary-looking8名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-year3.形容詞（短語）作伴隨狀語As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 當他看著山羊的時候，山羊翻了個身，死了。Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困難，他們寧愿走好走的路。II.副詞的分類：1時間副詞soon, now, early,

47、 finally, once, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點副詞here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, w

48、here, whyIII. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級，比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。項 目例 句同級比較時常常用 asas以及not so(as)asShe is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good a player as you are.雙方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級 （+ than）”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來的情況。This picture is more beautiful than

49、that one.I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess + 原級 + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the morethe more”句型The harder you work, the more progress you will make用比較級來表達最高級的意思I have never spent a more worrying day.我從來沒有度過這樣令人煩惱的一

50、天。（意為：我度過了最為令人煩惱的一天。）倍數(shù)的表達表達法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。表達法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲

51、的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。表達法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.注意：1. 可以修飾比較級的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高

52、級和比較級。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。五、動詞和短語動詞知識網(wǎng)絡動詞的分類行為動詞（實義動詞）及物動詞（帶賓語）：study, develop;不及物動詞（不帶賓語）work, swim, go, come狀態(tài)動詞（相對靜止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong動作動詞：延續(xù)性（work, stay）；非延續(xù)性（marry, go, come）連系動詞（漢語中沒有這種詞類）助動詞（與動詞原形或分詞構(gòu)成復合謂語）be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall情態(tài)動詞can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)短語動詞常見的構(gòu)成方式及其注意點動詞+副詞所構(gòu)成的短語動詞分及物的和不及物的兩類Please turn every light in the house off. 請把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚會后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。（不及物）注意：如果賓語較長，就應避免把副詞同動詞分開She turned