小站教育語(yǔ)法實(shí)例講解雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句輕松一波帶走

1、語(yǔ)法實(shí)例講解 雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句輕松一波帶走雖然雅思考試中的閱讀科目往往被看作最有技巧而言，技巧解題的表現(xiàn)，往往在課堂上，學(xué)生們可以把題目解答出來(lái)，但是當(dāng)你要求學(xué)生要去精讀句子的時(shí)候，理解整句話的意思時(shí)候，考生開始出現(xiàn)吭哧吭哧的狀態(tài)。雅思考試即便拿到了想要的分?jǐn)?shù)，但是這并不意味著烤鴨們拿到分?jǐn)?shù)后就覺(jué)得萬(wàn)事大吉。你還有很多需要學(xué)習(xí)的。一. 了解英語(yǔ)里的句子類型英語(yǔ)句子的基本類型有簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)單句：句子中只有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的叫簡(jiǎn)單句。比如(劍橋5，Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas. )這句話中只

2、有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是wilderness toursim，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是operates。并列句： 句子中有兩套或者兩套以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，并且這些主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間屬于并列關(guān)系。比如 (劍橋7， The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. )這句話中有4套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，分別是Hanshin earthquake killed, Hanshin earth

3、quake toppled, Hanshin earthquake flattened and Hanshin earthquake devastated。因?yàn)檫@4個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞共用一個(gè)主語(yǔ)Hanshin earthquake,所以作者在寫這個(gè)句子的時(shí)候只讓Hanshin earthquake出現(xiàn)一次。復(fù)合句： 其實(shí)也就是通常說(shuō)的主從句結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣的句子里有兩套或兩套以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，并且這些主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間屬于從屬關(guān)系。劍橋閱讀的閱讀中有太多這樣的例子。比如 (劍橋7， Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall,

4、 slender buildings are so stable. )這句話中有2套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，一個(gè)是主句中的Japanese scholars have been mystified, 另外一個(gè)是由why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的buildings are so stable. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)從屬于主語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗亲鳛檎麄€(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)部分而存在。二、了解讓句子變長(zhǎng)的原因相信很多學(xué)生對(duì)此有同感：閱讀文章里的長(zhǎng)句讀著讀著就迷失了，讀了結(jié)尾就不知道開頭在哪了。 而寫作文時(shí)要秀一下長(zhǎng)句卻往往心有意而力不足。接著我們就來(lái)看看是什么讓英語(yǔ)句子變長(zhǎng)了?真的總是如學(xué)生抱怨的那樣，太多從句了嗎?比如：(劍橋7， Ye

5、t in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky-nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later.)這個(gè)句子雖然看似很長(zhǎng)，但其實(shí)是一個(gè)

6、簡(jiǎn)單句。 主語(yǔ)是the master builder Kobodaishi，謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是had no hesitation in doing sth, 所以主干意思就是Kobodaishi建筑大師毫不猶豫去做了某件事情。至于yet in 826這是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright 這也是with引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ)，nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later這個(gè)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

7、，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明fifty-five metres into the sky究竟是有多高。由這個(gè)例子，我們可以得出一些附屬句子成分像狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)會(huì)讓句子變長(zhǎng)。再來(lái)看一個(gè)句子，比如(劍橋5，Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot show

8、ers. )這個(gè)句子里有2套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，一個(gè)是 attention has focused on, 另外一個(gè)是 more important are deforestation and impacts 并且這2套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)由but相連，屬于一個(gè)并列句。對(duì)剩下成分進(jìn)行分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，erosion后面有個(gè)短語(yǔ)along major trails, 這個(gè)是用來(lái)修飾限定erosion的，即主要步道沿路的侵蝕，impacts on water supply后面也有一個(gè)修飾成分arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot

9、 showers. 因?yàn)樾枰o游客提供熟食和熱水澡而引發(fā)的對(duì)水供給造成的影響。簡(jiǎn)而言之，講到長(zhǎng)句，學(xué)生們不需要直接把它們與從句等同起來(lái)。句子變長(zhǎng)，還有一部分原因是因?yàn)榫渥又星度肓撕芏喔綄俪煞直热缯f(shuō)狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。我們可以利用這個(gè)規(guī)律，在讀長(zhǎng)句時(shí)有意識(shí)地先把這些附屬成分先略去不看，先把主干(即主謂)找出來(lái)，那我們對(duì)句子的理解肯定也能做到八九不離十了。三、了解一些不常見的句子結(jié)構(gòu)一些有著特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的句子也成了閱讀中的攔路虎。1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句比如：(劍橋7，It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident eno

10、ugh to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors.)理解強(qiáng)調(diào)句的時(shí)候可以先將其還原成正常語(yǔ)序的句子，便于理解。 The building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors only thirty years ago. 建筑行業(yè)才開始有信心去建立辦公大樓，

11、辦公大樓是鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，辦公大樓超過(guò)12層，盡僅僅30年前。重新組合一下這些短句的順序，就變成建筑行業(yè)是從30年前才開始有信心建造超過(guò)12層樓高的鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的辦公大樓。2. 倒裝句比如：(Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.)這句話因?yàn)榘裠own放句首了，用了倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)，

12、正常順序應(yīng)該是the “white only” notices came down in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South. in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches這個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作為后置定語(yǔ)修飾notices。介詞短語(yǔ)后

13、面還有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾notices。對(duì)倒裝完成沒(méi)有概念的同學(xué)看到這句話后說(shuō)不定還會(huì)覺(jué)得這個(gè)句子寫錯(cuò)了。3. the more., the more. 句型, 翻譯成越.，越.比如：(劍橋6，In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.)事實(shí)上，Newman認(rèn)為采取偏向采用某種交通工具

14、的主要原因是政治：“過(guò)程越民主，公共交通就越受歡迎?！?4. 賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)比如：(劍橋7，F(xiàn)ood production has kept pace with soaring population mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the worlds food.)主干是food production has kept pace with soaring population 糧食生產(chǎn)跟上了人口飆升的步伐，后面跟了一個(gè)be

15、cause of artificial irrigation短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)，并且在irrigation systems后面還跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that make possible the growth of 40% of the worlds food 來(lái)修飾irrigation systems。在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句里， make possible the growth of 40% of the worlds food這個(gè)就是賓語(yǔ)加賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，the growth of 40% of the worlds food 是賓語(yǔ)，possible是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)果，合起來(lái)就是make the growth of 40% of the worlds food possible。但是為了不讓只有一個(gè)單詞possible作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)看起來(lái)太單薄，就將它和he growth of 40% of the worlds food換了位置。但是學(xué)生在讀句子的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該要自動(dòng)幫它們還原。總結(jié)：總的來(lái)說(shuō)，考生們很習(xí)慣地把閱讀中的理解障礙歸因于詞匯量不夠，但是如果對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)不熟練的話，一樣會(huì)存在閱讀困難，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生往往發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)法將每個(gè)詞的意思竄連成意思合理的句