閱讀理解猜測詞義技巧

1、英語閱讀理解解題技巧 之 猜測詞義題技巧(一)根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義(二)根據(jù)上下文的意思來猜測(三)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系猜測詞義(四)通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞(五)通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞(六)通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義(七)通過句法功能來推測詞義(八)通過描述猜詞(一)根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義1. Children are always boasting. They say things like“My Dads car is bigger than your D a d s ， ” “ M y M o m i s s m a r t e r t h a n yours.”and“My family

2、has more money than yours.”The word“boasting” means ( ).A.驕傲 B.吹牛 C.頑皮 D.幼稚 2. Many plants and animals are going extinct. Mammoths，which are related with Asia elephants，are now extinct. There are no mammoths in the world today.(1).A mammoth is a kind of ( ).plant B. bird C. animal D. tree(2).The wor

3、d extinct means ( ). A.出現(xiàn) B.危險 C.滅絕BCC3. Usually people make dumplings at home. If you have no time to make them，you can buy them from any supermarket. Then you take them home and eat them with vinegar.The word “vinegar” means ( )4. Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.The words “oxygen and hydrog

4、en” mean ( )醋氫和氧(二)根據(jù)上下文的意思來猜測1.Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way. ( )2.She is usually prompt for all her classes，but today she arrives quite late.( )3.The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel.( )溜達(dá)準(zhǔn)時的門

5、梁(三)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系猜測詞義 通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如： You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault. 通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是“責(zé)備”。(四)通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞 通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and g

6、ay，即使我們不認(rèn)識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思; 二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等; 二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星

7、)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于“行星”這一義域。根據(jù)not at all.handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。(五)通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞 在閱讀文章時，總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，如前綴un-表反義詞，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等;后綴-ment表名詞，如develop、development，state, statement，argue、argume

8、nt等;后綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞;如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci-ence、scientist，art、artist等，這些問題便不難解決了。(六)通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為“久旱”，

9、“旱災(zāi)”。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。(七)通過句法功能來推測詞義 Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas. 假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。 從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。(八)通過描述猜詞 描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is