英語語法--句子成分

1、句法（一）句法（一）-by Elena-by Elena句子成分句子成分定義：構(gòu)成句子的各部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分：主語、謂語次要成分：賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語句子成分句子成分常用詞性常用詞性主語 subject名詞、代詞謂語 predicate 動(dòng)詞賓語 object名詞、代詞定語 attribute形容詞、數(shù)次等狀語 adverbial副詞表語 predicative形容詞、名詞補(bǔ)足語 complement名詞、形容詞、副詞、短語等同位語 appositive名詞、關(guān)系詞、副詞、狀語等EXAMPLESEXAMPLES1. I met my b

2、est friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主語語謂謂語語賓賓語語定定語語同同位位語語狀狀語語2. We saw a wonderful film yesterday evening.3. English has become very useful in the world.一、主語（一、主語（SUBJECTSUBJECT）JaneJane is good at playing the piano. is good at playing the piano.SheShe went out in a hurry. went out in a hurry.F

3、ourFour plus four is eight. plus four is eight.SmokingSmoking is bad for health. is bad for health.The youngThe young should respect the old. should respect the old.What he has saidWhat he has said is true. is true.找出主語：找出主語：The sun rises in the east. The sun rises in the east. 名詞名詞He likes travelin

4、g. He likes traveling. 代詞代詞Twenty years is a short time in history. Twenty years is a short time in history. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞To see is to believing. To see is to believing. It is very clear that English is important in traveling. It is very clear that English is important in traveling. ItIt形式主語，從句主語是真正主語形式主語，從句

5、主語是真正主語不定式不定式二、謂語二、謂語 (PREDICATE) (PREDICATE)簡單謂語簡單謂語: :由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成I I sawsaw the flag on the top of the hill? the flag on the top of the hill?He He looked afterlooked after two orphans. two orphans.復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+ +動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞; ;He He can speakcan speak English well. English well.He

6、He has caughthas caught a bad cold. a bad cold.She She doesnt seemdoesnt seem to like dancing. to like dancing. 三、賓語三、賓語 （OBJECTOBJECT）動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作的對象或?qū)ο蠡虺惺苷叱惺苷呒拔飫?dòng)詞或介詞的賓語及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語指物，間接賓語賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語指物，間接賓語指人。指人。eg. He gave eg. He gave meme some bookssome books. .間間接接賓賓語語直直接接賓賓語語找出賓

7、語：找出賓語：Please pass me the book. 直接賓語： the book 間接賓語： meThey enjoyed traveling abroad. 賓語： traveling abroad四、定語（四、定語（ATTRIBUTEATTRIBUTE）修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從從句句He is a clever boy. There are 54 students in our class.There is a sleeping baby in bed.(形容詞形容詞)(數(shù)詞數(shù)詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞)五、狀語（五、狀語（ ADVERBI

8、AL ADVERBIAL ）表狀態(tài)（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等）表狀態(tài)（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等）I will be back I will be back in a whilein a while. .They are playing They are playing on the playgroundon the playground. .He was late because he got up late.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.He got up so late that

9、 I missed the train.六、表語（六、表語（ PREDICATIVE PREDICATIVE）系動(dòng)詞后的成分，表主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞后的成分，表主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)常見系動(dòng)詞常見系動(dòng)詞: :be(am/is/are/were/was), appear, look, seembe(am/is/are/were/was), appear, look, seemfeel, smell, taste, sound, keep, turn, becomefeel, smell, taste, sound, keep, turn, becomeget, grow, come, g

10、oget, grow, come, go 系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài). .The apple tastes The apple tastes sweetsweet. .找出表語：找出表語：The war was over.The war was over.They seem to know the truth. Time is precious.六、補(bǔ)足語（六、補(bǔ)足語（ COMPLEMENT COMPLEMENT）補(bǔ)足語分為賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語。補(bǔ)足語分為賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語。1 1、賓語補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充說明賓語狀態(tài)，使句子意義完整、賓語補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充說明賓語狀態(tài)，使句子意義完整常

11、用及物動(dòng)詞：常用及物動(dòng)詞：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, letleteg. I found the book eg. I found the book interestinginteresting. . 2 2、主語補(bǔ)足語：、主語補(bǔ)足語：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，賓補(bǔ)變主補(bǔ)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，賓補(bǔ)變主補(bǔ)。eg. I last saw him playing near the river. He was last see

12、n playing near the river. He pushed the door open. The door was pushed open.找出補(bǔ)足語：找出補(bǔ)足語：Please make yourself at home. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. Please keep the dog out. He made himself known to them.He made himself known to them.The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.The student was caught cheating in the exam. 八、同位語八、同位語 （APPOSITIVE） 位于名詞或代詞后面，二次說明它們的性質(zhì)和情