單句改錯(cuò)技巧講解

1、單句改錯(cuò)題型介紹短文改錯(cuò)除了考查篇章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，更多地從句子層面考查考生對(duì)英語知識(shí)的掌握程度。考生只要了解短文中句子錯(cuò)誤的常見設(shè)錯(cuò)方式，就很容易找到錯(cuò)誤并更正。另外這些設(shè)錯(cuò)的地方也是考生在書面表達(dá)中句子出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方，提高句子的改錯(cuò)能力的同時(shí)也能提高寫作能力。解題技巧常見錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1:名詞的數(shù)與格在several,few,many,oneof,acoupleof,three,oneandahalf,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等詞語后，或雖沒有這些詞但語境提示我們，本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的，但文中卻用了單數(shù)。Forexample,wecandoreadingf

2、oroneandahalfhourand(hourfhours)像advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage,luggage,jewellery,clothing等不可數(shù)名詞是沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，但在文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.(luggagesfluggage)本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.(myfriendfm

3、yfriend's)考點(diǎn)2:指代一致上下文的人稱不一致。Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.(themfus)上下文的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。bothofthemhavesimilarideasOtherwise,itisimpossibleforhimtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiplastlong.(himfthem)上下文的性別不一致。(himfher)(Ifme)Beforeherleaving,Ipreparedagi

4、fttoshowmybestwishestohim.Shesaid(4)人稱代詞格的誤用。LiMing'sparentsinvitedItospendtwowonderfulweeksinQingdaowiththem人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的錯(cuò)用。Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothers從句主語which(是指thevoice,這種聲音使池”與別人分離，故改himself為him)考點(diǎn)3:冠詞falongtime)基本用法：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示個(gè)/段/座/本”等時(shí)要用a或an；表示特指時(shí)用the。Manycountriesin

5、theworldfindtheydonInotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedforlongtime.(longtimethaveenoughwateraTcodbearinwitthink,weshould(a-the特指上文提到缺少這個(gè)"問題)a)SowhenIhavetheproblem,Iwillturntoherforhelp.(the固定短語中多用或少用冠詞。Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesaway(InafactfInfact)Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(Asres

6、ultfAsaresult)考點(diǎn)4:介詞常用介詞的錯(cuò)用。Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.(timeforsth.做某事的時(shí)間)固定詞組中的介詞誤用。andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes在(withthehelpof的幫助下)固定詞組中的介詞漏用。Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.(listento聽)考點(diǎn)5:連詞although/though/while不與b

7、ut連用；since/as/because不與so連用。Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydisease(去掉but或改為yet)and與but用混。這是考得最多的微考點(diǎn)。Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnfromoneanother,butthemorepleasurewecansharetogether.(but曲d沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)and與or。AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.(

8、or-and)What'smore,wecangotoworkbybikeonceandtwiceaweek(andfor)(4)so與or。Wewerewarnednottocheatagainsoshewouldneedtoseeourparents.(so因止匕for否貝U)after與before。Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour,Iwasbeginningtogetimpatient.(Beforeter邏輯)Af(6) which與what。Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.(which所>的hat多用或少用連詞。W

9、ithlittlesleepandhardlyanybreak,soheworksfrommorningtillnight.(去掉so)Soiftheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.(if后力口what)錯(cuò)用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.(thatfwhich)考點(diǎn)6:時(shí)態(tài)一致上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞都是過去時(shí)，突然出

10、現(xiàn)一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)。SheusedtoholdmeIwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.(passesfpassed)上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞都是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，突然出現(xiàn)一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Sincethen,wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asaresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(hadfhas)此外，無論是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞，都要注意在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞形式的一致性，即平行一致”。如在AandB或A,BandC中，A,B,C的形式要一致。bothofthemhavesimilaride

11、asandtrustingeachother（trustingftrust）考點(diǎn)7:主謂一致行為動(dòng)詞：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其后加So可記作：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，三單加so主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用原形，過去時(shí)一般加edoMydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.（look,主1cMysdreamschool）have動(dòng)詞：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，have的現(xiàn)在時(shí)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）用has。主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在時(shí)用have,過去時(shí)用had。LiMing,togetherwithhisparents,havegoneab

12、road.（havefhas,主語是LiMing,注意：withsb.或togetherwithsb.等介詞短語是不能作主語的）be動(dòng)詞：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）用is,過去時(shí)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）用was。主語是I,用am或was;主語是you或復(fù)數(shù)，用are或were。-theonlyclothesIhadwasthoseIhadon.（was,主語theeoelyclothes）考點(diǎn)8:非謂語動(dòng)詞一般說來，句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，其前面又沒有并列連詞時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。我們應(yīng)根據(jù)該非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，來

13、確定用具體的形式。作主語或賓語不能用動(dòng)詞原形，通常改為ing形式或不定式。因在短文改錯(cuò)中，只能改一個(gè)詞，如果主語是原形，就只能改為ing形式了。Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner（HavefHaving）熟記其后只能接ing或只能接todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞。Lastyear,shedecidedstudyabroad.（studyftos困dylecidetodosth.）介詞后要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。注意區(qū)分to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)。Heisn'tgoodtalkbuthegetsonwellwitho

14、therpeople.（talk,在介詞Ftak）ngI100kforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.（see,在儲(chǔ)sjseteing）（4） 一些固定短語或句式中的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。SheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesWell,Ihadbettertostopnow.(tostop(holding,HIhuslddtodosth.)-fStohadbetterdosth.),因make-sblaStosth.)-ing形式還是用-ed形式。,斗whavthgiave是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）Feel困gwe與feel是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）maketheirfrie

15、ndshiptolastlong.（tolast根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系來確定用Wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.(haveFelthungry,webuilLafirebythelake(Felt(6)別混淆謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞。butItriedhardtodoit.Suddenly,Mary,mybestfriend,askingmetolethercopymyanswers.（去掉同位語mybestfriend,顯然，主語是Mary,謂語是ask,由前句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過去時(shí)，故改asking為asked）考點(diǎn)9:詞類的用法作定語、表語、補(bǔ)

16、語，用形容詞但短文中卻用了副詞或名詞。Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!（wonderfully,作FwatofeslB定語）Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.（taste,作表語）tastyIfoundthetestdifficulty,butItriedhardtodoit.（difficulty作補(bǔ)語）-difficult作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、全句，用副詞但短文中卻用了形容詞。Interesting,ithadaconnectionwiththeBritishporcelain（占滑

17、5;）industry.（InterestingfInterestingly）Itwasrealaniceexperience.（real,修飾動(dòng)詞allyvas）作主語、賓語，用名詞但短文中卻用了形容詞、動(dòng)詞等。Hehasruinedhishealthy.（healthy-healtM乍ruined的賓語）Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.（grow,作介fqgrowth語）（4）-ed與-ing形容詞的用法區(qū)別：-ing令人的（多為事）；-ed（人）感到的。Iamawfullytiring（tiring,BbBttiredJ累）Myfrien

18、dNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.（interestedinteresting,指他的故事是冷人有趣的“）考點(diǎn)10:常用詞辨析只考here與there,some與any,ago與before,many與much,verymuch與very或much,beside與besides,ever與never,either與neither,usedtodosth.與beusedto（doing）sth.等十分常見的詞語之間的辨析。千萬別遇到近義詞就辨析，短文改錯(cuò)的試題不會(huì)考查到復(fù)雜的詞義辨析。Nea

19、rlyfiveyearsbefore,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes,相對(duì)說話beforefago以前，用ago;相對(duì)過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作在多久之前才用before）Wedon'tneedtodosomanyhomework.（many,修傾uch數(shù)名詞homework,用much）ThefruitsaresmallreaTheomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.（much,替fWmany司fruits,用many）Beside,Cleotendstobarkanaverageofsixhour

20、saday.（Beside,因besideMBes,ides在的旁邊”；而besides作介詞時(shí)，意為除之外”，作副詞，意為此外，而且”。注意，凡是介詞，其后一定有賓語。而此處沒有賓語，一定是用副詞）高考單句常見錯(cuò)誤：1 .and,but誤用；2 .books/abook等名詞單復(fù)數(shù)誤用；3 .人稱代詞he,she,I等誤用；4 .動(dòng)詞的含義用反，例如go和come誤用；5 .第三人稱單數(shù)用錯(cuò)，例如hework;6 .時(shí)態(tài)的誤用，例如上下文均為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，卻出現(xiàn)worked;1 .so.that結(jié)構(gòu)誤用；8 .定語從句中which與where誤用；9 .neither.nor結(jié)構(gòu)誤用；10 .

21、because,though同時(shí)出現(xiàn)；11 .fortunately,unfortunately等詞義用反也多次出現(xiàn)；12 .性別指代錯(cuò)誤；13 .不定代詞誤用；14 .a與the誤用；15 .主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)誤用；16 .主謂一致錯(cuò)誤；17 .what與that誤用；18 .as與like誤用；19 .when與while誤用；20 .ago與before誤用；21 .比較級(jí)誤用tall與taller;22 .介詞in,at,of,to,from誤用；23 .省略結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤；24 .一些常見的語法和詞匯錯(cuò)誤，如Iwantgo/makesb.todo/beafraidofgo/with與with

22、out區(qū)別/becauseof等。真題再現(xiàn)1. IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.2. FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.3. Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingsdidwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.4. Forawhileparentsboughtmenewtoys.5. Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwasha

23、ppening.6. WhenItearapartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,“Thtotybusit.Nomoretoys7. Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoystolast.8. Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutofftheuseofenergyinourcountry.9. Tobeginwith,allofuscanstartreducingtotheuseofoilbydriv

24、ingonlywhenwehavearealneed.10. Thatwon'tbeeasy,Iknow,butwehavetostnywhere.11. What'smore,wecangotoworkbybikeonceandtwiceaweek,andwecanalsobuysmallercarsthatburnlessoil.12. Otherwayistowatchoureverydayuseofwaterandelectricathome.13. Forexample,howmanytimeshaveyouwalkedoutofaroomandleavethelig

25、htsortelevisionwhennooneelsewasthere?14. MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitBeijinglastmonth.15. Itisinthedowntownarea,butitiseasytogotoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.16. Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.17. WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectio

26、nintheroom.18. Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.19. Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.20. ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.答案與解析1. little-less：我不得不多一些耐心而少一些挑釁性。此處less修飾形容詞。2. toyftoys根據(jù)eachof可知，應(yīng)該是我的玩具中的每一個(gè)，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式toys。3. didfwent者did后加go短語gowrong意為出錯(cuò)”。itfthem處指代前文toys,用them。4. 在parents前力口myparentsboughtmenewtoys.此處my和me對(duì)應(yīng)。英語中需前后致。5. whichwhat此處what作賓語從句的主語，句意：看所發(fā)生的一切。6. tearftorefi過觀察整個(gè)文章的時(shí)態(tài)以及myfifthbirthday可知此處用一般過去時(shí)。toffor此處意為：