高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)專題4動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件講述教程文件

1、高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)專題4動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件講述知識(shí)點(diǎn)一現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)主要包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在，指經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。1.表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，且常與usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom，sometimes等表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。John sometimes sits up very late.約翰有時(shí)很晚才睡。2.表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍現(xiàn)象。 The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起。3.如果主句是一般

2、將來時(shí)，那么時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there.如果明天下雨，我將不去那兒?！緶剀疤崾尽?1)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來含義，也就是說will不用于when, if, even if, unless, whatever, no matter what/when/where等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中表將來，但如果will表示“決心、意愿”時(shí)，可用在條件狀語從句中。If you will go there, please tell me.如果你愿意去那兒，請(qǐng)告訴我。(2)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排、時(shí)間表

3、等馬上要發(fā)生的事時(shí)，也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，常與具體時(shí)間狀語連用。該用法僅限于少數(shù)表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞，如：come, go, arrive, leave, begin, take off, stop等。老師說光速比聲速快。【誤】The teacher said that light traveled faster than sound.【正】The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.誤點(diǎn)：_用正確的時(shí)態(tài)完成句子1.It wont be long before such a thing _(happen) again.答案happe

4、ns2.He wont speak to her unless she _(apologize) to him.答案apologizes3.My parents _(live) in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.答案live根據(jù)第二句中的.have never lived anywhere else.可推知，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示狀態(tài)。句意：我父母住在香港。他們生在那里，從未在別的地方居住過。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1.表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“be現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

5、What are you doing?你在干什么？ 2.表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天她要去北京。 3.與always, forever, constantly, continually等詞連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。He is always helping others.他總是肯幫助他人。 4.用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示漸變過程。 The food is getting cold.食物變涼了。 【溫馨提示】注意下列動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：感覺類： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, he

6、ar等；情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等；思想類： wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think，understand, agree, know等； 其他類： have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。他和她正在相愛。【誤】He is loving her.【正】He is in love with her.誤點(diǎn)：_4.John, what are you _(hold) in your hand?Look！Its a birthday gift for my

7、grandma.答案holding句意：瓊，你手里拿著什么？看！這是給我奶奶的生日禮物。考查在特定語境中正確使用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。根據(jù)句意(瓊，你手里拿著什么？)和關(guān)鍵詞look可知該題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。5.Because the shop _(close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.答案is closing句意：因?yàn)樯痰昙磳⑼I(yè)，所有的T恤衫均半價(jià)出售。由句意可知此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“即將停業(yè)”，close為短暫性動(dòng)詞，所以用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。6.You are always _(watch) television.Why not do somet

8、hing more active?答案watching句意：你總是看電視。為什么不做些更積極的事呢？always表示一種不滿情緒，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與其連用表示或褒或貶的情感色彩。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。常用的時(shí)間狀語有： already, just, yet, never，before等。 I have already posted the photos.我已經(jīng)把照片寄出了。 2.表示從過去開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，往往和for., since., up to now, recently, so far等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。T

9、hey have worked here since they left college.自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他們就一直在這兒工作。3.It(This)is(will be)the first/second/third.timethat從句。that從句的謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，that可以省略。This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次來這里。4.用在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達(dá)將來某時(shí)以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so m

10、uch knowledge.當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)英語之后，你將找到一條通往豐富知識(shí)的橋梁。短暫性動(dòng)作的完成時(shí)(肯定式)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。他父親離開祖國(guó)已經(jīng)50年了。【誤】His father has left his homeland for 50 years.【正】His father has been away from his homeland for 50 years.誤點(diǎn)：_知識(shí)點(diǎn)二過去時(shí)態(tài)過去時(shí)態(tài)通常包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)。一、一般過去時(shí)的用法一般過去時(shí)往往暗示現(xiàn)在“已不再這樣”。1.表示過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)

11、。She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend.昨晚她和她的男友一起去看電影。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.當(dāng)我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)，經(jīng)常去拜訪那里的老朋友。 2.描述過去時(shí)間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.教授把一個(gè)手指放進(jìn)嘴里，吮了一下，滿意地笑了。He opened his eyes

12、, put on his clothes quickly and jumped down from the bed.他一睜開眼睛，就迅速穿上衣服，從床上跳了下來?！緶剀疤崾尽吭赽efore和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，若表示兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，都用一般過去時(shí)表示，前一個(gè)動(dòng)作不必用過去完成時(shí)。Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.亨利去華盛頓之前游覽了紐約市。He was here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.他在這里只待了三天

13、，公司就派他去澳大利亞了。3.表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。Sorry, I didnt know you were here.不好意思，我不知道你在這兒。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道)4.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，若主句用了過去將來時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來的意義。He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他說他一見到她就把這個(gè)消息告訴她。He told me he would go to the zoo if it was fine the next day.他告訴我，如果第二天天氣好的話

14、，他將去動(dòng)物園。一般過去時(shí)，事情發(fā)生在過去，經(jīng)常反復(fù)或連續(xù)，狀語通常是過去，過去時(shí)間作標(biāo)志：yesterday，last，ago，be用was或were，have，has變had，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加ed，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞須牢記，變否定主語之后加didnt，變疑問句主語之前加did，還有一點(diǎn)不能忘，后面動(dòng)詞要還原，動(dòng)詞若是was，were，變否定更簡(jiǎn)單，在它后要把not添，若是要變疑問句，直接提到主語前，句尾句號(hào)變問號(hào)。1.The food here is nice enough.My friend _(introduce) me a right place.答案introduced句意：這里的食物不錯(cuò)。我的

15、朋友給我介紹了一個(gè)好地方。2.Oh, its you, Mrs Johnson! I _(not recognize) you.Ive just changed my hairstyle and I am wearing a new dress.答案didnt recognize句意：噢，是你啊，約翰遜太太！我(剛才)沒認(rèn)出你來。我剛換了發(fā)型，還穿著新裙子。由語境可知，not recognize的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在對(duì)話之前，即過去的事實(shí)，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“was/were現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。She was watching TV a

16、t six yesterday evening.昨晚六點(diǎn)她正在看電視。He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天他一整天都在準(zhǔn)備他的演講。 2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。 He was reading a novel when I came in.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)，他正在看小說。3.表示過去計(jì)劃好或安排好的將來動(dòng)作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。 He said she was arriving the next day.他說她將第二

17、天到達(dá)。4.與always, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others.He never thought of himself first.雷鋒同志總是先想著他人，而不是自己。3.Why on earth didnt you answer my phone just now? Sorry, but the doorbell _(ring) too.答案was ringing句意：剛才你到底為什么不接我的電話？對(duì)不起，可是當(dāng)時(shí)門鈴也在響。根據(jù)句意可知

18、是當(dāng)對(duì)方打電話的同時(shí)，有人按門鈴，所以應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。4.Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No.I _(do) my homework all day yesterday.答案was doing根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在寫作業(yè)”。表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。三、過去完成時(shí)的用法過去完成時(shí)由“had過去分詞”構(gòu)成。用法如下：1.過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作(即表示“過去的過去”)。時(shí)間狀語可用by, before等構(gòu)成的短語，也可用時(shí)間狀語從句或通過上下文的語境表示。

19、He said that he had been abroad for three years.他說他在國(guó)外呆了3年。2.表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的這一時(shí)間，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語有：by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.直到那時(shí)，他對(duì)此仍一無所知。3.用在It was the first/ second/third.time that.句型中， that從句的謂語要用過去完成時(shí)。This was

20、the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.這是39年里他們第一次見面。4.It was一段時(shí)間 since從句。since從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我們十年來從沒這么高興過。5.表示愿望或打算一類的詞，例如： intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等，其過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜的情感。I had intended to call

21、 on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本來打算去看你，但我這兒來了個(gè)不速之客。6.用在表示“一就”的句型中： Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had主語done.when.did.; No sooner had主語done.than.did.。 Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.她剛一上床鈴就響了。四、過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的觀點(diǎn)來預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語從句中，主句常是一般過去時(shí)。He always said tha

22、t he would study hard at that time.他總是說那時(shí)他將努力學(xué)習(xí)。5.完成句子When I woke up, it_(stop) raining.當(dāng)我醒來時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。By that time I_(learn) 100 English words.到那時(shí)為止，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了100個(gè)英語單詞。I_(close) the window before I left the room.我在離開房間之前關(guān)上了窗。答案had stoppedhad learnedhad closed6.I was just going to move away the heavy case

23、but someone _(do) it.Was it you?答案had done句意：我正打算挪走那個(gè)重箱子，但是已經(jīng)有人將它挪走了，是你嗎？由句中的was可知，有人挪走箱子發(fā)生在“我”挪箱子之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。7.You didnt attend the party.What a pity! We had a good time that evening.I _(intend) to go, but I had an unexpected visitor.答案had intended根據(jù)語境可知原本的打算未能實(shí)現(xiàn)，聚會(huì)已經(jīng)結(jié)束，“打算”應(yīng)在聚會(huì)前，故用過去完成時(shí)。句意： 你沒參加聚會(huì)，

24、多遺憾呀！我們那晚玩得很高興。我原打算去的，可來了一位不速之客。知識(shí)點(diǎn)三將來時(shí)態(tài)一、一般將來時(shí)的用法1.“willdo”表示從現(xiàn)在來看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，指事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)。Fish will die without water.沒有水魚將會(huì)死。2.shalldo也可表示將來時(shí)態(tài)，但通常用于第一人稱，而will可用于各種人稱。My birthday is coming.I shall be 18 years old.我的生日快到了，我將要18歲了。3.“be going to動(dòng)詞原形”多用于口語中，表示“打算或計(jì)劃要做某事”。此外，還可以表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實(shí)或跡象，對(duì)未來

25、進(jìn)行推斷。They are going to meet outside the school gate.他們打算在校門口見面。4.“be about to動(dòng)詞原形”表示“即將”因此，它不與表示時(shí)間的副詞或時(shí)間狀語連用。The English evening is about to start.英語晚會(huì)即將開始。be about to do不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，但可與when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用，意為“正要做突然/就在那時(shí)”。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正要出去，電話鈴?fù)蝗豁懥恕?.“be to動(dòng)詞原形”表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將

26、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，還可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止”等。Theres to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻燈片。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。1.be going to表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如果天氣晴朗，我們將去釣魚?！菊`】If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.【正】If it is fine, well go fishing.誤點(diǎn)：_2.will還可用于表達(dá)說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。Sorry,

27、 I forgot to buy the book you need.很抱歉，我忘記買你要的那本書了。It doesnt matter.I will go myself.沒關(guān)系。我自己去買吧。3.有些動(dòng)詞例如： go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等，其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Im leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。二、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。其結(jié)構(gòu)為： will/shall be doing。Ill be talking

28、 with the professor at this time tomorrow.明天這個(gè)時(shí)間我將正在和教授談話。He will be meeting Mary during Christmas.在圣誕節(jié)期間他將與瑪麗見面。Ill be staying late at the office this evening.今晚我將在辦公室待到很晚。1.Youve left the light on.Oh, so I have.Ill _(go) and turn it off.答案go句意：你一直亮著燈。哦，的確如此。我去關(guān)掉。go和后面的turn并列。2.Ann is in hospital.O

29、h, really? I _(not do) know.I will go and visit her.答案didnt在聽完第一個(gè)說話者的話之后，“我不知道Ann在住院”這個(gè)情況就已經(jīng)成為過去，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。3.Dont call me at eight oclock tomorrow morning, for I _(have) a meeting then.答案will be having句意：明天上午8點(diǎn)鐘別給我打電話，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我正在開會(huì)。由語境可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)將來某一時(shí)間動(dòng)作將正在進(jìn)行，故用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。三、將來完成時(shí)的用法表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，并對(duì)將來產(chǎn)生一

30、定的影響。常與“by將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間”， when/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：will/shall have done。 We will have finished Senior Book 2 by the end of this term.到本學(xué)期末我們將學(xué)完高中第二冊(cè)。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.你到家時(shí)我將已把房子徹底打掃一遍了。 4.By the time he leaves university, he _(gain) work experienc

31、e so long as he takes a part-time job.答案will have gained句意：只要他獲得一份業(yè)余工作，到他大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)，他將已經(jīng)獲得了工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。by the time.意為“到時(shí)候”，常與完成時(shí)態(tài)搭配，此處表示“到他大學(xué)畢業(yè)的時(shí)候”，故應(yīng)該用將來完成時(shí)。完成進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)?？疾榈氖乾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能延續(xù)下去。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體是完成體和進(jìn)行體的組合。因此，它具備完成體和進(jìn)行體的一些因素，例如：它具備進(jìn)行體的未完成性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩等特點(diǎn)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)四完成進(jìn)行時(shí)They hav

32、e been living here for 10 years.他們住在這里十年了。(從過去某一時(shí)間開始住，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還住在這兒)Weve been discussing the matter several times this year.我們今年已數(shù)次討論那件事。(強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別1.Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic _(decrease) as a result of global warming.答案has been decreasing根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語over the past decad

33、es“在過去的幾十年里”可知，這是一個(gè)自過去以來一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，所以用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：在過去幾十年里，由于全球變暖，北極的海冰一直在減少。二、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻，到那個(gè)時(shí)刻，這一動(dòng)作可能剛結(jié)束，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。He had been living here before he went to New York.他去紐約之前一直住在這里。2.Susan was happy like crazy!Oh, yes! Her parents approved of her adventurous trip to Africa that she _(

34、expect) for years.答案had been expecting句意：蘇珊高興得快瘋啦！哦，是的！她父母同意了她期盼多年的非洲冒險(xiǎn)之旅。由題干語境分析，expect的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在approved之前，并且expect的動(dòng)作在過去的過去持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間，故應(yīng)用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)五動(dòng)詞語態(tài)1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的，其變化形式如下表：(以動(dòng)詞do為例)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí)：was/weredone一般將來時(shí)：will/shall bedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are

35、beingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has beendone過去完成時(shí)：had been done將來完成時(shí)：will/shall have been done過去將來時(shí)：would/should be done過去將來完成時(shí)：would/should have been done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/has been being done過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been being done2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法(1)不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。This jacket is made of cotton.這件上衣

36、是棉料的。 (2)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身。 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.要求參觀者不可觸摸展品。(3)在文章標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞中。 Girls wanted.招女工。 【溫馨提示】get過去分詞可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治療。3.主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義(1)系動(dòng)詞(look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等)形容詞或名詞。 The dish tastes

37、good.這菜味道不錯(cuò)。(2)表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞(begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut，move, run等)。 The store closes at 6: 00 p.m.every day.商店每天下午六點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(3)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或特征的動(dòng)詞(read, write, sell, wash, wear, cut, lock, act, draw, drive, drink, eat, clean等)。 Books of this kind sell well.這類書很暢銷。 The pen writes smoothly.這支

38、鋼筆寫起來很流暢。(4)介詞in, on, under等名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表示被動(dòng)意義。 常見的有：under control受控制 under treatment在治療中 under repair在修理中 under discussion在討論中 in print在印刷中 on show展出 The building is under construction.大樓正在建設(shè)中。 (5)want，require, need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Your coat needs washing.你的上衣需要洗洗了。(6)be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。This bo

39、ok is well worth reading.這本書很值得一讀。(7)在“be形容詞 to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.這種水不適合飲用。The girl isnt easy to get along with.這女孩不容易相處。(1)be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。(2)被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。 be seated坐著； be hidden躲藏； be lost迷路； be drunk喝醉； be dressed穿著 (3)被動(dòng)語態(tài)

40、與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。 此處的系表結(jié)構(gòu)指“連系動(dòng)詞用作表語的過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，它與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式完全一樣。要注意它們的區(qū)別：被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))The book is well sold.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))4.使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題(1)主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on

41、my birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.(2)主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，賓語成主語；(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加to(位置不變)。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long (by the boss).(3)短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling shou

42、ld be paid attention to.(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to 等結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e過去分詞。(5)當(dāng)句子的謂語為say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式：謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示。5.不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如： last, hol

43、d, contain, fit, cost等。 (3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have, own, belong to等。 (4)表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如： wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。 (5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(6)賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面。1.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確語態(tài)填空In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _(make) by scientists.In the las

44、t few years thousands of films _(produce) all over the world.All visitors to this village _(treat) with kindness.The computer _(repair) by tomorrow.They cant move into the house because it _(paint) now.答案will be madehave been producedare treatedwill have been repaired is being painted誰做的動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰做的沒

45、有必要；動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)運(yùn)用到。我們學(xué)校也教俄語?！菊`】Our school also teaches Russian.【正】Russian is also taught in our school.誤點(diǎn)：_2.Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water _(pollute).答案have been polluted句意：這湖水怎么這么難聞？因?yàn)榇罅康乃呀?jīng)被污染了。large quantities of后面無論跟可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞都應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，水被污染了才難聞，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)

46、式。3.完成句子The cloth_very soft.這布料摸起來很軟。This flower_very sweet.這朵花聞起來很香。The film_at 8 p.m.last night.電影昨天晚上開始。答案feelssmellsbegan4.Id like a pen which _(write) well.Will this one do?答案writes句意：我想要支好用的鋼筆。這支行嗎？write作“be capable of being used for writing(指鋼筆、 鉛筆等)能用于書寫，能使用”講時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5.He broke the

47、 window, so he _(該受責(zé)備).6.The new car _(屬于) his brother.7.There is something wrong with his computer and it _(需要修理).8.The new novel written by Mo Yan is _(值得一讀).9.This kind of cake_(嘗起來美味) and _(銷路好).答案5.was to blame6.belongs to7.needs repairing8.worth reading9.tastes delicious; sells well易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1時(shí)間定位不準(zhǔn)D

48、id you catch what I said?Sorry.I _(answer) a text message just now.解析句意：你聽懂我說的話了嗎？抱歉。我剛才正在回復(fù)一條短信。根據(jù)句意可知，第一個(gè)人說話時(shí)，“我”正在回復(fù)短信，所以沒聽懂對(duì)方的話，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。答案was answering【即時(shí)小練】(1)Does your brother serve in the army? No, not now.But he _(serve) in the army for 8 years.答案served根據(jù)“No, not now.”，可以判斷出空格處隱含的時(shí)間是“過去”，所以

49、應(yīng)選一般過去時(shí)。(2)Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation? We _(be) busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.答案had been問句詢問“彼得，過去你們那些人去什么地方過暑假了”，答語前半句說“度假之前已經(jīng)有數(shù)月忙于工作”，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)。以題說法該題問句“Did you.”易誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生將行為動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間定位為一般過去時(shí)，而just now又會(huì)加深誤會(huì)，但此題根據(jù)問句定位時(shí)間是過去，而語

50、境提示可知表示的是剛才對(duì)方說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。突破指南時(shí)態(tài)的問題實(shí)際上就是“時(shí)間”和“狀態(tài)”的問題：先判斷準(zhǔn)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，然后確定在這個(gè)時(shí)間上此動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)，便可以確定時(shí)態(tài)了。對(duì)時(shí)間的判斷，可以畫一個(gè)以現(xiàn)在為原點(diǎn)的數(shù)軸，在數(shù)軸上找參照時(shí)間去判斷。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)顧此失彼It is reported that many a new house _(build) at present in the disaster area.解析由at present可知，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，且與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語是many a 名詞單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案is being

51、built【即時(shí)小練】(原創(chuàng))Could I use your car please? Mine _(repair) by the workers.答案is being repaired以題說法該種題目難在既考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)，又考查主謂一致，多個(gè)考點(diǎn)置于同一個(gè)考題中，考生極易顧此失彼。容易忽略主謂一致和語態(tài)。所以綜合考慮，用逐一排查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)是正確的做法。突破指南細(xì)心加耐心，時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)綜合考慮，也不能忽略主謂一致，可記住以下歌訣：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是難關(guān)，時(shí)間一定要先看；主語確定謂語數(shù)，動(dòng)詞變化不很難；短文會(huì)話觀全局，單句無時(shí)判一般。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3易混時(shí)態(tài)混淆I feel so excited! At this

52、time tomorrow morning I _(fly) to Shanghai.解析句意：我覺得特別興奮！明天早晨這個(gè)時(shí)候我就要飛往上海了?？疾閷磉M(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語At this time tomorrow morning可知第二句表示明天早晨的這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的事情，故用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案will be flying【即時(shí)小練】(1)You were not in when I dropped in on you yesterday evening.Oh, so sorry.I _(wait) at the railway station for my sister from Beijing.答案was waiting根據(jù)語境可以判斷出空格處隱含的時(shí)間是“過去”，又因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)時(shí)的情景，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。(2)(原創(chuàng))Hi, Mary! When did you come here?Last weekend.I _(experience) a different culture since th