新視野第三版Book2 Unit 1 教案

1、Book 2 Unit 1 Section AUnit 1Language in missionUnderstanding and LearningOverview This unit focuses on learning English with text A talking about how grammar and vocabulary can be taught efficiently and text B how the language can be learned successfully. In other words, one is about how to teach a

2、nd the other how to learn. The writing style between the two texts is also somewhat different, the first one is more relaxed and humorous, a typical style in English discourse. The tone of the second text however is more formal and serious. When teachers familiarize students with the texts, they nee

3、d to point out their respective writing styles and also think about how to involve students in class activities from two different angles: teaching vs. learning. Meanwhile students should be encouraged to express their opinions about the current way of teaching in an English class, thereby expressin

4、g their thoughts freely. Activities can range from class discussion to peer interview and panel debate such as whether grammar is of crucial importance in learning English and how one can excel when learning that language. Students need to share their learning experience and find out more effective

5、ways to learn English grammar and vocabulary. Section A An impressive English lessonBackground information1. Learning English grammar The goal of developing learners functional competence in a second language is not a new idea. Originally, the term Grammar referred to the art of writing. As used tod

6、ay by many teachers and learners, grammar is loosely understood to be a set of rules that govern a language. Communicative language teaching has placed a renewed emphasis on the role of grammar, especially in the early stages of instruction. Viewing grammar with all of its components helps language

7、teachers and learners understand the complexity of what it means to know the grammar of a language. Clearly, the goal of language learning in a communicative classroom is for learners to acquire the grammar of the second language in its broadest sense to enable them to understand and make meaning th

8、at is, to become proficient users of the language. Research and experience have shown that explicit teaching of grammatical rules does not produce such competence. How should grammar be taught effectively? It still has remained a question to all the language teachers.Detailed study of the text1. If

9、I am the only parent who still corrects his childs English, then perhaps my son is right. To him, I am a tedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and a man absorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to. (Para. 1)Meaning: My son is probably right if there is no other par

10、ent like me who still corrects his childs mistake in English. To my son, I am a boring and strange father, who he has to listen to ; I am also the one who pays lots of attention to grammar rules, which he doesnt seem to like.tedious: a. boring and continuing for too long 冗長(zhǎng)乏味的Telling the story has b

11、ecome tedious, as I have done it so many times.講述這個(gè)故事已變得單調(diào)乏味，因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)講了這么多次了。oddity: n. C a strange or unusual person or thing 怪人；怪物；奇特的東西With his neat suits on, he felt like an oddity walking in this poor neighborhood. 穿著必聽(tīng)的西裝走在這個(gè)貧民窟里，他覺(jué)得自己就像個(gè)怪物。be / feel obliged to do sth.: if you are obliged to do s

12、th., you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty, etc. makes it necessary (因形式、法律、義務(wù)等關(guān)系而)非做不可， 迫使I think Valentines Day is a waste of time, but I still feel obliged to send my wife a card.Usage noteobligedThe word oblige is most commonly used in the expression be/feel obliged.1. be / fe

13、el obliged to do sth. 指“感到有責(zé)任做某事”He felt obliged to help his mother, even if it meant leaving college. 他覺(jué)得有責(zé)任幫助母親，即使這意味著他要離開(kāi)大學(xué)。2. be/feel obliged to sb./ sth.指“對(duì)某人或某事心存感激”Thank you very much, doctor, I am extremely obliged to you.醫(yī)生，非常謝謝你。對(duì)您，我深表感謝。absorbed: a. so interested or involved in sth. that

14、you do not notice anything else 極感興趣的；全神貫注的；專(zhuān)注的。Time passes quickly when you are absorbed in reading a good book. 在聚精會(huì)神地讀一本好書(shū)的時(shí)候，時(shí)間過(guò)得非?？臁llergic: a. 1) (be to sth.) (infml) if you are allergic to sth., you do not like it and try to avoid it.不喜歡某事，對(duì)某事反感Most men are allergic to housework.大多數(shù)男人都不喜歡做家務(wù)

15、。 2) having an allergy 過(guò)敏的I do not enjoy picnics because I am allergic to grass.我不喜歡野餐，因?yàn)槲覍?duì)草過(guò)敏。2. I think I got serious about this only recently when I ran into one of my former students, fresh from an excursion to Europe (para. 2 )Meaning: I think I started to pay attention to other people's us

16、age of grammar only lately, when I happened to meet one of my former students, who had just returned from a short journey to Europe.get/be serious about: if you are serious about sth., you really mean it and are not joking or pretending 對(duì)是認(rèn)真的；并非開(kāi)玩笑的When you are staying with your roommates, you canno

17、t get too serious about privacy.你和你的室友相處的時(shí)候，不能太計(jì)較隱私。run into sb.: (infml.) meet sb. by chance 偶然遇見(jiàn)某人You forgot all about your cousins birthday until you suddenly ran into her today. 要不是你今天偶然遇見(jiàn)了你表姐，你已全然忘記了她的生日。fresh from: having just come from a particular place or experience剛從.來(lái)的；剛有經(jīng)歷的School princip

18、als should not expect teachers, fresh from college, to deal with a large group of difficult children.學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)不應(yīng)該指望剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的老師來(lái)應(yīng)付一大群難以對(duì)付的孩子。excursion: n. C a short journey you take for pleasure短途出行；遠(yuǎn)足It was such a wonderful day that they decide to take a day excursion to the mountain. 這么好的天氣，他們決定去山上一日游。3.

19、“How was it”I asked, full of earnest anticipation. (para.2)Meaning: When I asked about how her trip to Europe had been, I was expecting her response anxiously and sincerely. How was it?: (spoken) often used in conversation to ask sb. about their opinion or experience of sth. （口語(yǔ)常用表達(dá)， 用于詢(xún)問(wèn)看法或經(jīng)歷）Did y

20、ou watch the movie last night? How was it? 你昨天晚上看那部電影了嗎?感覺(jué)怎么樣?full of: (followed by abstract nouns) feeling or showing a lot of particular emotion or quality(感覺(jué)、表達(dá)或表現(xiàn)出)充滿(mǎn)某種情感（特質(zhì)）的full of excitement/ energy/ hope/happiness/praise充滿(mǎn)興奮/活力/希望/幸福/贊美The teacher was full of praise for the home work that th

21、e students had done.老師對(duì)學(xué)生們完成的功課贊不絕口。earnest: a. very serious and sincere 非常認(rèn)真的；鄭重其事的。At the office he was very earnest, but hes more relaxed now. 在辦公室他很認(rèn)真， 但是現(xiàn)在他放松多了。4. She nodded three or four times searched the heavens for the right words, and then exclaimed, it was like, whoa!" (para.3)Meani

22、ng : she nodded her head three or four times, tried to find the right words in her mind and then shouted with excitement it was like whoa!Meaning beyond words: Since the student was not quite sure how to exactly describe her travel experience, the tone of the author is somewhat sarcastic. The author

23、 intended to send out the message that the student was incompetent regarding the selection of her English vocabulary.search somewhere for sth.: try to find sth. in some place 在某地方搜尋某物The robber reached out and searched the back pocket of my trousers for anything valuable.那個(gè)盜賊伸手搜我褲子后面的口袋以尋找值錢(qián)的東西。Note

24、 The heavens means the sky: here search the heavens for the right words" implies the studenttried hard to find suitable words to describe what she saw and experienced when traveling in Europe.Usage notesearch, search for1. search: look through 檢查；搜查T(mén)hey searched the man in front of me from head

25、 to foot. 他們把我前面的男子從頭到腳搜查了一遍。2. search for: look 尋找；搜尋The customs were searching for drugs at the airport.海關(guān)人員在機(jī)場(chǎng)搜查毒品。exclaim: v. say sth. suddenly and loudly because of surprise, anger, or excitement （由于驚奇、氣憤或激動(dòng)）呼喊，驚叫Susan exclaimed horror when a young man with a gun suddenly appeared from behind h

26、er.當(dāng)一名年輕男子突然持槍從蘇珊背后出現(xiàn)時(shí)，她害怕得驚叫起來(lái)。Note "It was like whoa" means it was really great! It was like is an informal expression in conversation, very common for young people who are lazy and incapable to reference their ideas. The expression is usually followed by an adjective or an exclamation.I

27、t was, like, marvelous! 簡(jiǎn)直奇妙極了?。↖t was like）Whoa! How come you got a hundred 0percent correct on such a hard test?哇！這么難的考試你怎么都全答對(duì)了？Note Whoa is specifically used to show that people are surprised or think something is very impressive. It can be used in different contexts. For example:l To describe s

28、omething that you're not quite sure how to describe: that car is so cool it's like whoa.l To express surprise: whoa! Its really amazing!l To indicate a desire to end what someone is talking: whoa ok, that's enough.5. And that was it. (para.4)Meaning: And that was everything she said, wit

29、hout even mentioning any details of her wonderful experience in Europe.That was it.: often used in conversation to say that sth. is completely finished or that a situation cannot be changed 就這樣（指某事徹底結(jié)束或形式不能更改）That was it. I could no longer hope for a promotion, and my boss didnt even want to see me

30、again. 就這樣吧，我的升職再也沒(méi)指望了，我的老板甚至不想再見(jiàn)到我。6. The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were captured in condensed non-statement. (para.4)Meaning: The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were just described in one word rather than a complete statement because of

31、her inability to choose appropriate words to express herselfcapture: vt.1) succeed in recording , showing , or describing a situation or feeling , using words or pictures（用文字或圖片）記錄下，描述，捕捉Some artists are able to catch a likeness in a sketch while others are gifted to capture a fleeting expression. 有

32、些藝術(shù)家能畫(huà)出酷似某人的肖像，而另一些則善于捕捉到稍縱即逝的表情。2）catch a person and keep them as a prisoner俘虜；逮捕Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader.政府軍已經(jīng)成功捕獲叛亂分子的頭目。condense: vt. make sth. that is spoken or written shorter 將（講話(huà)或文章）壓縮The whole chapter could be condensed into a few paragraphs. 這一整章可以壓縮成幾

33、個(gè)段落。condensed: a. being made shorter, usu. including only the most important parts壓縮的The council was merely given a condensed version of what had already been disclosed in Washington.該理事會(huì)得到的知識(shí)已在華盛頓披露的內(nèi)容的濃縮版。7. My student “whoa” was exceeded only by my head-shaking distress. (para. 4)Meaning: My head

34、-shaking distress at her inability to express properly was even greater than her slang term whoa, one word, which did not make any statement to describe the civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture.Meaning beyond words: The word exceed states explicitly that the authors worry about

35、 his student's language inability was much more intense than her excitement.exceed: vt. (fml.)be more than a particular number or amount 超過(guò)；超出Youll have to pay extra money if you exceed your luggage allowance.如果你的行李超重，你必須額外付費(fèi)。出；好處re than a particular number or amount chao888888888888888888888888

36、888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888distress: n.U a feeling of extreme unhappiness 憂(yōu)慮；苦惱；悲傷She had five years of active and happy life in the hospital before she died, without much pain or distress from cancer.她過(guò)世前在醫(yī)院過(guò)了五年積極而快樂(lè)的生活，并沒(méi)有因?yàn)榛及┌Y二遭受多大的痛苦和憂(yōu)傷。8. There are many different s

37、tories about the downturn in the proper use of English. (para.5)Meaning: There are a lot of different stories about why people are less skilled when using English.downturn: n. C, usu. sing. a process in which business activity, production, etc., is reduced and conditions become worse 衰退；下降The downtu

38、rn in the auto industry affected the entire economy of the United States.汽車(chē)工業(yè)的衰退影響了整個(gè)美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)9. Surely students should be able to distinguish between their/there/they're on the distinctive difference between complimentary and complementary (para. 5)Meaning: Of course, students should be able to rec

39、ognize and understand the differences between their/ there/they're on the obvious difference between complimentary and complementarydistinguish: recognize the differences between things 區(qū)別；辨別A formal education with emphasis on history literature and culture helps a person learn how to distinguis

40、h right from wrong著重于歷史、文學(xué)和文化的正規(guī)教育能幫助一個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)如何明辨是非。distinguish between: recognize and understand the difference between two or more things or people區(qū)分；辨別The ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts and the writers opinions or interpretations.批判性閱讀能力包括區(qū)分什么是事實(shí)，

41、什么事作者自己的看法或解釋能力。distinctive: a. easy to recognize because of being different from other people or things of the same type與眾不同的；特殊的；特別的The distinctive design of a product provides a powerful competitive advantage over other products. 一個(gè)獨(dú)特的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)具有比其他產(chǎn)品更強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。Usage Notedistinguished, distinctive, dis

42、tinct這三個(gè)詞詞形相近，但意思有很大的差別，不能互換使用1. distinguished 指 ”卓越的；杰出的；著名的”。His grandfather had been a distinguished university professor.他的曾祖父曾是一位杰出的大學(xué)教授。2. distinctive 指 ”(特征、性格或外表)獨(dú)特的，有明顯不同的”。強(qiáng)調(diào) ”表示差別的”、 ”有特色的”、 ”特殊的”Irene had a very distinctive voice.艾琳有一個(gè)非常獨(dú)特的聲音。3. distinct 表明 ”分明的、明了的、清楚的”I have the distin

43、ct feeling that my friend did not realize what was happening.我明顯感到我朋友并未察覺(jué)所發(fā)生的一切。 distinct的另一個(gè)詞義是 ”明顯不同的；有區(qū)別的”O(jiān)ur interests were quite distinct from those of them.我們的興趣與他們的截然不同?，F(xiàn)將distinct he distinctive 用在一個(gè)句子里面，以便區(qū)分One of the distinctive features of this book is its distinct illustrations這本書(shū)很明顯的特色一直

44、就是其有著清楚明了的圖解。complimentary: a.1) given free to people 免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送的All guests will receive a complimentary bottle of champagne. 所有客人都將得到一瓶免費(fèi)的香檳。2）saying that you admire sb. or sth. 贊美的；欽佩的Mrs. Stevens was most complimentary about your work.史蒂文斯夫人稱(chēng)贊你的工作。complementary: a. complementary things go well together

45、 although they are usu. different 互為補(bǔ)充的；互補(bǔ)的The economies of the two countries are complementary to one another in nature.兩國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)具有互補(bǔ)性。10. They unfairly bear the bulk of the criticism for these knowledge deficits because there is a sense that they should know better. (para. 5)Meaning: Just because they

46、are assumed to learn better, students unfairly become the main target of the criticism for their insufficient knowledge.bulk: n. U (the of sth.) the majority or largest part of sth. (某物的) 大部分，多半Because the bulk of the work was supervised by the owner，the overall cost is difficult to assess.大部分的工作是由業(yè)

47、主監(jiān)督，總體成本很難去評(píng)估。deficit: n. C1) a lack of a quality, skill, or ability that you should have （素質(zhì)、技能或能力的）缺乏、不足 knowledge/language/sleep deficit 知識(shí)、語(yǔ)言、睡眠的缺乏2) the amount by which sth. is less than you need or should have 赤字；虧損；逆差 Owing to the heavy deficit, the company is apparently on the verge of bankr

48、uptcy.由于巨額虧損，該公司很明顯已到了破產(chǎn)的邊緣。Note The word deficit is mainly used in the second meaning (赤字；虧損；逆差)11. Students are not dumb, but they are being misled everywhere they look and listen.（para. 6)Meaning: Students are not stupid however, they mistakenly learn whatever they see and hear in their language

49、environment.Note Here, “they are being misled” is used for emphasis, emphasizing an on-going situation of“being misled”.dumb: a. (infml.) stupid 愚蠢的The questions were set up just to make her look dumb.問(wèn)題這么設(shè)計(jì)就是為了讓她出丑。12. For example signs in grocery stores point them to the stationary, even though th

50、e actual stationery - pads, albums and notebooks - are not items nailed down. (para. 6)Meaning: For example , signs of merchandise in grocery stores lead students to the “stationary” department selling stationery like pads =, albums and notebooks. However, these displayed stationery items are movabl

51、e but not nailed down.Meaning beyond words: Taking the wrong spelled signs in grocery stores as an example, the author argues that it is not students fault. The verb phrase nail down is cleverly used to describe the funny situation: movable “stationery” items are under the sign of unmovable stationa

52、ry distinct spelling mistake between the two words.stationary: a. standing still instead of moving不（移）動(dòng)的；靜止的Stationary cars in traffic jams caused a great deal of pollution.交通堵塞中靜止不動(dòng)的汽車(chē)產(chǎn)生了大量污染。stationery: n.U materials used for writing, such as paper, pens pencils, etc. 文具We regret that we are unabl

53、e to accept telephone orders for personal stationery items.很遺憾，我們不能接受個(gè)人文具用品的電話(huà)訂購(gòu)。nail sth. down:1) fasten sth. to sth. else with nails 釘；將某物釘牢 Will you nail down that loose board in the floor? 請(qǐng)把那塊松動(dòng)的地板釘牢好嗎？2）（infml.）reach a final and definite agreement or decision about sth. Two days isnt enough to

54、 nail down the details of an agreement.要把協(xié)議的所有細(xì)節(jié)都確定下來(lái)，兩天的時(shí)間是不夠的。13. Friends and loved ones often proclaim theyve just ate when, in fact, theyre just eaten ( para . 6 )Meaning: Friends and loved ones often make mistakes when speaking English. For example, they say publicly theyre just ate but actuall

55、y they should say theyre just claim: vt. (fml.) say publicly or officially that sth. important is true or exists 宣稱(chēng)；宣布；聲明Britain proudly proclaims that it is a nation of animal lovers.英國(guó)自豪的宣稱(chēng)自己是一個(gè)愛(ài)護(hù)動(dòng)物的國(guó)家。Usage Noteproclaim, claim1. proclaim是正式宣告或公開(kāi)宣告，“宣告”的中文意思比“聲明”要嚴(yán)肅。The government has pro

56、claimed a new law.政府公布了一箱新法令。2. claim是根據(jù)權(quán)力聲明，根據(jù)權(quán)利要去索賠，根據(jù)權(quán)利認(rèn)領(lǐng)；1） 聲稱(chēng)；斷言；主張；They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.他們聲稱(chēng)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了治療此病的方法。2） 要求；索賠The old man claimed the land.老人要求得到這塊土地。14. Therefore, it doesnt make any sense to criticize our students (para. 6)Meaning: So, there's no good r

57、eason to criticize our students. Which is unfair to them.15. Blame for the scandal of this language deficit should be thrust upon our schools, which should be setting high standards of English language proficiency. (para. 7)Meaning: Our schools should be blamed for the shocking evidence of students insufficient language skills. It's their responsibility to establish high standards of English language abilities.scandal: n. 1) sing. a situation that shocks you and makes you angry, esp. one that you think sb. in authority should change （尤指當(dāng)局本應(yīng)改變的）令人震驚的事，引起憤慨的事 It is a scandal that a