遼寧高考英語作文完美炮制法幫你迅速提高寫作分數(shù)

1、2011遼寧高考英語作文完美炮制法緊扣高考英語作文評分標準 高考作文采用總體評分方式，集中在以下四個方面：覆蓋了題目提出的所有內容要點和要求；應用了較多的語法結構和詞匯，內容比較豐富；在使用復雜結構或高級詞匯時允許有些許錯誤；有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，全文結構緊湊流暢。 高考英語作文完美行文四步驟STEP1：確定文章框架，包括：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、格式、展開方式、開頭結尾等。STEP2：確定內容要點，包括：主要人物、時間地點、重要細節(jié)、合理發(fā)揮等。STEP3：正式開始寫作，整理思路成篇，行文連貫。STEP4：及粗心犯下的錯誤.高考英語寫作技巧匯總（一）掌握技巧： （1）注意篇章結構，合理布局開始部

2、分（opening paragraph）說出文中的要點、核心問題。正文部分（Body paragraphs）圍繞主題開展敘述、討論。 結尾部分（concluding paragraphs）對全文的總結和概括。要做到全文中心突出、段落之間必須是有機地聯(lián)系，內容完整、連貫。前后呼應，祛除與主題無關的內容。 詳細可以參情況考ESL資源網(wǎng)站 http:/www.ESL 里面的writing部分。（2）確定主題句主題句是對全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“畫龍點睛”的作用。通常主題句出現(xiàn)在一篇文章的開頭，而后，全文對主題句所提出的內容進行解釋，擴展。寫主題句應注意以下幾點：歸納出你要寫的文章的

3、幾個要點提煉出一句具有概括性的話主題句應具有可讀性，抓住、吸引讀者。（二）巧用連接詞要想使文章有整體性、連貫性，就要學會正確使用連接詞表示羅列增加First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing for another,On (the) one handon the other hand,Besides / whats more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In partic

4、ular,表示時間順序now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,

5、till, notuntil, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解釋說明now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually表示轉折關系but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except

6、(for), instead, of course, after all,基本上不看短文內容僅看選項，2010年高考有人竟然過了100分！高考有沒有瞬間大幅度提分的可能？誰能讓你不用花很多時間和心思學習，英語就能提高至少20-30分？要是真的話，簡直是白撿的分數(shù)！不僅如此，當你了解了高考真題答案的所有內幕規(guī)律，看到了絕密的解題招式，就會豁然開朗。哇！原來也可以這么做題！你的思路因此將會被徹底打通，提高的分數(shù)將不僅僅是20-30分！無論現(xiàn)在的英語成績是60分，還是110分，任何人都可以做到！這些絕密招式是太簡單、太震撼了！所以，如果你看到了，切勿告訴他人，否則，他們會在高考中輕松超過你！請注意&

7、#160;!如果你不相信這世上有考試秘訣，請立即將您的眼睛離開；如果你習慣于按照傳統(tǒng)思路做題，不希望有思維上的突破，請你立即將您的眼睛離開；如果你現(xiàn)在的成績已接近滿分，甚至已是滿分，請你立即將您的眼睛離開；如果你患有心理疾病或心臟病，請您立即將您的眼睛離開；如果你選擇留下來，那么接下來的事，很可能讓你目瞪口呆！如果我告訴你N個秘訣，在做完形填空和閱讀理解題時，不用看文章和題干，只是簡單的比較四個選項，就能瞬間選出正確答案，你是否想看？請先看下面的例子，它是遼寧卷2010年真題的第36題，是一個完形填空題. 在此我只列出它的四個選項,試試看，只是比較選項，你是否能夠在3秒之內選出正確答案?36.

8、 A. worried B. sad C. surprised D. nervous正確答案是C, ABD都是一個人狀態(tài)不好的傾向詞，而C則為中性詞，表述態(tài)度不一致者是答案。.如果你知道了這個秘訣，可以解決很多類似的完型填空題!看一下遼寧卷2010年完形填空真題的第52題:52. A. Largely B. Generally C. Gradually D. Probably正確答案是C, ABD都是含義不肯定的副詞，排除表述不明確的選項,答案就水落石出了. 如果你知道了這個秘訣，你更是可以解決很多類似的完型填空題! 試想一下,知道了全部36個完形秘訣之后,您的分數(shù)會怎么樣呢?請再看下面的例子

9、，它是遼寧卷2010年真題閱讀理解題的第56題，在此我只寫出它的題干和四個選項.也試試看，只是比較選項，你是否能夠在5秒之內選出正確答案?56. From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers . A.worked very hard for centuries B.dreamed of having a better life C.were poor but somewhat content D.lived a different life from their forefathers正確答案是C, 選項中表述的內容前后相互矛盾的是答案! 思路很簡單

10、，如果你掌握了其中的秘訣，拋開文章，你也可以很快選出正確答案. 掌握此類瞬間解題秘訣，不僅縮短了答題時間，還能保障近乎100%的準確率！請上或上百度,輸入"沈陽英語家教吳軍"查詢!吳軍英語高分密碼，讓您第一次課就提10分！20次課提25-62分！模棱兩可處和看不懂，該怎么辦？要知道，如果對文章似懂非懂，那么，在文章中尋找答案線索就像大海撈針一樣的難,更談不上做對題！吳軍英語高分密碼將會告訴你此類瞬間解題秘訣,幫助你辨識選項中的諸多暗示點，瞬間找出正確答案,或者瞬間排除錯誤選項.請記住!在英語完型填空和閱讀理解題的選項中，從頭到尾都充滿了暗示點,善于利用這些暗示點，可以快速做

11、對題! 無論任何人，在考試中，總會遇到吃不準選項的題，或可以稱之為不會做的“難題”,那么，如果遇到“難題”，你會怎辦？是放棄？不可能，怎么著也要“猜”出一個答案!那么，是“瞎猜”嗎？如果是“瞎猜”，其正確率僅是25%，是可想而知的低！那么，如何“猜”才能有高的準確率呢？如果我告訴你N個秘訣,讓你在做“難題”時，猜出的答案的準確率由25%提高至95%，甚至是100%,你愿意繼續(xù)看下去嗎?35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send out35題在B和C模棱兩可處到底選哪個? 當然選范圍大的,能包括另一個的,即選B.再舉個例子，假如2010年遼寧

12、卷高考英語完形填空的47題,不知選哪個, 怎么辦？As I found out, there is, 46 , often no perfect equivalence(對應)between two 47 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to 48 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 49 meaning of a word in English!47. A. words B. names C. ideas D. characters很簡單，選A，勿須有任何的猶豫,為什

13、么？復現(xiàn)法則!吳軍英語高分密碼會告訴你具體原因以及更多的解決“難題”的秘訣,都是非常的簡單和直接.請記住!遇到“難題”，即使“猜”答案，也要“猜”的有理有據(jù),切勿盲目的“猜”!  The moment he was about to 47 the hospital, he saw on the desk the 48 new book ,just as he had left it one 49 ago.  48. A much B still C hardly D quite很簡單，選B，為什么？答案高頻詞匯傾向歸納讓你笑逐顏開!高頻形容詞 副詞: suddenly, e

14、ven, finally, first, last, again, also, however, though, although, yet, instead, even though, but, still等.吳軍英語高分密碼真的有這么神奇嗎？是！一點兒沒錯！效果是絕對的真實！作為一種標準化考試，選擇題本身是有很多缺陷的,這些缺陷就是暗示點，就是解題的突破口!吳軍英語高分密碼通過對歷年真題的長時間的研究，對這些暗示點進行了全面、深入、細致的挖掘和整理,將其轉化為超級解題秘訣!每一個秘訣的準確率都在95%以上，甚至是100% 吳軍英語高分密碼,真正做到了立竿見影！甚至是一劍封喉！單選280個考

15、點,42個訣竅; 閱讀16大滿分攻略; 完形36絕招; 七選五6大原則; 改錯36個規(guī)律;作文4大模板6-8頁;不想考上一本、二本都很難!馬上用吳軍英語高分密碼對照歷年所有的高考真題進行逐一的驗證吧! 遇到吳軍老師，您太幸運了！請上或上百度,輸入"沈陽英語家教吳軍"查詢!“當時學習，當時提分”的超實戰(zhàn)家教！撫順2中的徐金良同學,來時成績是71分左右, 2009年高考成績?yōu)?17分;沈陽4中的劉洪鵬同學 來時成績是46分, 2009年高考成績?yōu)?00分; 黑山1中的高三劉璐同學來時成績是50-70分, 2010年高考成績?yōu)?13分！.孩子從小學開始，學習英語已經(jīng)多年，孩子天天

16、背單詞、做習題、記筆記，做過的卷子豈止幾百套，上千套，那么孩子的英語成績一直在穩(wěn)步提高嗎？還是一直沒有提高，甚至越學越落后、越學越迷茫？如果孩子的英語成績一直提高不了，如果孩子一直抓不住重點、找不到感覺，就來找 “神奇”的吳軍老師吧！在這里孩子馬上就會體驗到英語學習成績“突飛猛進”的快樂！在這里一天提高幾十分的孩子比比皆是！魯美附中、沈音附中7人全部考取國本！熱烈慶祝吳軍一對一家教學員-2010屆魯美附中1班王巨龍、馮瀟瀟，沈音附中李同學（女，不愿公開全名）及沈陽2中補習班姜雯悅等7人考取魯美和沈陽音樂學院！為什么一個英語爛到家的學生，在不到2-3個月內成績突飛猛進？為什么英語基礎幾乎為零的學

17、生經(jīng)過他輔導10到20 次課，成績就能迅速提升30-70多分？走捷徑考高分的竅門是什么？沈陽高端英語快速提分名師吳軍老師將為您咨詢謎底。藝術類國本，英語小分很關鍵！9年的高分經(jīng)驗能成就了他們，同樣也可以成就暫時停止成功的你！只學習5-10次課，英語成績就提高了30多分！能接觸到吳軍老師英語高分密碼的人太幸運了！如何把握中心，猜測題意，一聽就會！融會貫通，舉一反三！沈陽83中高二的金柏岑同學來時成績是82分, 2010年學習5次課后的期末成績?yōu)?08分; 現(xiàn)就讀于沈陽4中高二文科班的胡兢元同學來時成績是91分, 13次課后的期末成績?yōu)?25分; 現(xiàn)就讀于皇姑區(qū)沈陽10中高一的高雅慧同學來時成績是

18、90分左右, 2010年高一下學期期中考試的成績?yōu)?27分;現(xiàn)就讀于沈陽東北育才高中本部高二的戴冠宇同學來時成績是107分,學習后的成績穩(wěn)定在125140分之間，最好成績是由倒數(shù)到班里前6名。2010年沈陽中考距離滿分竟然只差了7分!2010屆杏壇中學初三6班的周千會同學（女）， 2010年沈陽市鐵西區(qū)一模才120分左右，其中一大半還是懵來的。跟吳軍老師學習3-4次后，自己很快找到了英語學習的感覺，好像一下子容易了很多，二?？剂?35分。10次課后，中考距離滿分竟然只差了七分，考了143分。她說沒想到她的最高紀錄竟然創(chuàng)造在2010年沈陽中考中！請上或上百度,輸入"沈陽英語家教吳軍&q

19、uot;查詢!2010中考沖刺,沒想到效果居然這么好!2010屆43中學初三13班的李圣同學（男），初三后成績與其他同學突然拉大，成績一直在80分左右，很少達到及格線90分，對自己沒有信心，對英語家教更是排斥。跟吳軍老師學習20次后，雖與好學生還有5-7分的差距，但又找到了初一前十名時的感覺。2010年沈陽中考雖然發(fā)揮不算理想（非選擇手寫部分基礎不好），也達到了129分！請上或上百度,輸入"沈陽英語家教吳軍"查詢!英語一對一家教授課內容單項選擇 13條經(jīng)典實戰(zhàn)技巧,助你避開語法的干擾輕松得高分;完型填空 11個重要特點,10種判斷技巧,徹底解決一錯錯一串、發(fā)揮不穩(wěn)定兩大難題

20、;閱讀理解 9大要點,9種提高方法輕松解決 做題慢準確率低等難題;短文改錯 6大應試策略,6大提高方法讓你拿分如探囊取物;書面表達 “黃金寫作模型”,精辟獨到的講解,寫出讓閱卷老師無可挑剔的高分作文!以下情況不能提分:單詞量要達到初二牛津8B水平（目標高考分數(shù)是70-95分），初二牛津9B水平（目標高考分數(shù)是95-115分），當次見效（通過現(xiàn)場實戰(zhàn)做題，題也可以自己帶,明顯感覺提了8-10分），一般8-20次課達到目標！什么也不會（連羊sheep和睡覺sleep都分不清就別浪費家里的錢了），家里有錢也沒用，”神”也幫不了你!心里形成強烈“自己不行”思維定勢，不能迅速扭轉的，應先找心理醫(yī)生或另尋

21、他法；一模40分,二模50分以上可以來,30分左右的得包5-8天,費用得1.5萬起,否則拒訪!不走心,每次課都沒有問題,甚至連給的課后專項題或語境化詞匯題都不做的, 拒訪!非要學可以,成績變化不大,就別來找我!僅上3-5次課就想提30-50分的別來,當次課提分是因為閱讀或完形有了技巧性突破,但考點還沒系統(tǒng)化,所以只能提10-15分. 提30-50分不是3-5次而是包3-5天!他的誠信宣言：1.我只能幫助孩子提高英語分數(shù)，而不能提高孩子基本功！2.現(xiàn)成績125分以上的同學，建議不要參加。因為他們只有1015分的提分空間，性價比不合適！3.聽完1小時內不滿意，保證不問原因、不問理由、無條件地、全額

22、退費！超過了，則按一課收取。講課當中或講完后，提供試題或自己帶題，馬上答題驗證！再于下次補交10-20次的費用，3課內不滿意可以退回未上課的所有費用，因用大量時間為您的孩子做個性化教案，故3課后恕不退還！本承諾已堅持了四年半！4保分”需要過程,中考高考結束后才能驗證,到時就算退回了學費也買不回來孩子的時間和未來。Peter高分英語“立竿見影”當次課見效!每次課后都可以拿高考真題和你的期中/末考題來驗證高分教案，答的正確率高或方法好使，就可以證明我們的教案有效！一般情況下，85分以上來的，都能在6-20課內提到105-135分。2009-2010年（吳軍親授的學生）高考130分以上的有39人，3

23、個月內提高了50-70分的有17人。請上或上百度,輸入"沈陽英語家教吳軍"查詢!表示并列關系or, and, also, too, not only but also, as well as, both and, either or, neithernor表示因果關系because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to, due to, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, sothat, suchthat表示條件關系as (so) long as, on condition tha

24、t, if, unless表示讓步關系though, although, as, even if, even though, whether or, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom)表示舉例for example, for instance, such as, take for example表示比較be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, comp

25、ared with (to)just like, just as,表示目的for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示強調in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,表示概括歸納in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I k

26、now, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion（三）掌握常用句型： 1. in order to為了實現(xiàn)他的夢想，他學習非常努力。 He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.2. in order that她拼命干活以便到六點時把一切都準備就緒。She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 oclock.3.

27、 sothat他們太累了，除了伸懶腰什么都做不了了。They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.4. suchthat天氣非常冷，以致于街上一個人都沒有。It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.5. would rather dothan do他寧愿聽他人講而不愿自己說。He would rather listen to others than talk himself.6. prefer doing to doing他寧愿在精心準備后去做報告

28、。He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.7. prefer to dorather than do比起女人，男人總是寧可在家睡覺也不愿花那么多時間來購物。Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much timeshopping.8. not onlybut also在短短的三年的時間里她不但完成了所有課程，而且還獲得了博士學位。In just three years, she had not only finis

29、hed all the lessons, but also received herdoctors degree.9. eitheror如果考試過關，你可以買一個MP3或去云南玩一趟。You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.10. Neithernor他是一個無聊的人，既不愛娛樂，也不愛讀書。He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.11. as well as他善良又樂于助人。He was kin

30、d as well as helpful.12. as well這個小孩活潑又可愛。The child is active and funny as well.13. Onethe other你看見桌子上有兩只筆嗎？一支是紅色的，另一支是黑色的。Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black.14. Someothers每個人都很忙，有些在讀書，有些在寫作。Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.15. make+

31、adj /n我們所做的可以讓世界更美麗。What we do will make the world more beautiful.16. notuntil直到他告訴我發(fā)生的事，我才了解真相。I didnt know the truth until she told me what happened.17. as if他夸夸其談好像什么事都知道。He talks a lot as if he knows everything.18. It is no use (good) doing假裝不懂規(guī)則是行不通的。Its no use pretending that you didnt know th

32、e rules.19. find it + adj to do我覺得作聽力時有必要作筆記。I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.20. It is + time since我已經(jīng)有兩年沒見他了。It is two years since I last met him.21. It is + time when我到電影院時已經(jīng)八點鐘了。It was 8 oclock when I got to the cinema.22. It is + time before不久我們就會再見面的。I wont be long before

33、 we can meet again.23. It isthat我最珍視的是友誼。It is friendship that I value most.24. It is + n / adj + that / to do每個人都必須懂得如何使用計算機It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.寫作輔導：寫作核心句型核心句型1 開頭1. The arguer may be right about , but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (take into account

34、) that fact that 2. As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly/generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas/views), I believe (argue that 3. Although many people believe that , I doubt (wonder) whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination). 4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we

35、 gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A. 5. Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that , it is unlikely to be true that 6. There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (import

36、ant / essential) fact (reason) that 7. It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,), but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesnt follow / it doesnt mean / it wont be the case) that 8. The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that i

37、t is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that 9. It would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that 10. In all the discussion and debate over, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected

38、). 11. There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that 12. Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when is taken into consideration (account). 13. To assume (suggest) that is far

39、from being proved (to miss the point). 14. A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless / fallacious) it is. 15. On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weigh

40、ing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that 16. Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to) may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts 17. The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that 18. What the arguer fails to understand (consider /

41、mention) is that 19. We dont have to look very far to see (find out) the truth (validity) of this argument (proposition). 20. However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem. 2 正文 1. Although the popular belief is that, a current (new / recent) s

42、tudy (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that 2. Common sense tells us that 3. The increase (change / failure / success) in mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of) 4. The increase (change / failure /success) in is due to (owing to / attributa

43、ble to) the fact that 5. Many people would claim that 6. One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change) to , but is not by itself an adequate explanation. 7. One of the reasons given for is that 8. What is also worth noticing is that 9. There are many (different / several / a num

44、ber of / a variety of) causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change /decline / increase) in . First, Second, Finally, 10. There is no evidence to suggest that 11. Why are (is / do / did) ? For one thing, For another, 12. Another reason why I dispute the above statement is

45、 that 13. It gives rise to (lead to / bring / create) a host of problems (consequences). 14. There are numerous reasons why , and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. 15. It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable

46、 / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on 16. A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success/ failure / development) in 17. In 1999, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total

47、 (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 18. By comparison with 1998, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 19. It account for 15 percent of the total. 20. There were 100 traffic accidents in April, and increase of 5 percent in a five-month period. 21. By 1999,

48、 only (less than / more than / almost / about / over / as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (1998) preferred to (liked) 3 結尾 1. From what has been discussed above (Taking into ac

49、count all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that 2. All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that 3. It is high time th

50、at we place (lay / put) great ( special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of 4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of 5. We must look (search / all / cry) for an

51、 immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of , if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of 6. There is no easy (immediate / effective) so

52、lution ( approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of , but might be useful (helpful / beneficial). 7. No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of , but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awar

53、eness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction). 8. Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to), but the pay-off will be worth the effort. 9. Obviously (

54、Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that 10. Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to), it is very likely (the chances are good) that 11. There is little doubt (no denying) that serous (special / adequate / immediate /further) att

55、ention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of 12. It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct / check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon). 13. It is hoped (suggested / re

56、commended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be make to control (check / halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of 14. It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving) 15. It remains to be seen whether, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy). 16. Anyhow, wider (more) ed