必修一1-4單元語法總結(jié).

1、Unit 1 FriendshipI. Words and Phrases1.Are you good to your friends?你對你的朋友好嗎？be good to=be kind to:對友善(opp.) be bad toeg: Thought he looks cold, in fact, he is always good to others. 盡管他看起來冷淡，但實際上他一向?qū)θ擞焉?。拓展?.be good at sth./doing sth. 擅長于（做） .be good for 對有好處有益(opp.) be bad for .do good(n.) to 給帶來好

2、處或益處eg: Eat more fruit, and it will do good to you.多吃水果，那會使你受益。(opp.) do harm to2.Make the following survey.survey (n.) 調(diào)查，測驗；民意調(diào)查，民意測驗eg: .The school carried out a survey to find who is the most popular among students. 學(xué)校進行了一次調(diào)查，看看誰在學(xué)生中最受歡迎。 .In order to know what the people need most, the governme

3、nt has done many surveys. 為了弄清楚人們最迫切的需要，政府進行了多次民意測驗。survey (v.) 調(diào)查，測驗；進行民意調(diào)查，進行民意測驗eg: We surveyed 500 smokers and found over three quarters would like to give up. 我們對500個吸煙者進行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)四分之三的人想要戒煙。3.Add up your score and see how many points you can get.把你的分數(shù)加起來，看看你能得多少分。add (vt.) 增加；添加；補充說 (vi.) 加，加起來；增

4、添eg: The visiting leader expressed his satisfaction(滿意) with these talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.來訪的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)表達了對這幾次會議的滿意，并補充說他很喜歡呆在這里。add up sth.=add sth. up(vt.) 把加起來；合計eg: .Add up these numbers and you will get 100. 把這些數(shù)字加起來，你就能得到100。 .Please add all the money up. 請把所有的錢加起來。 add up(vi.

5、) 算總數(shù)，做加法 eg: .The waiter cant add up. 這個服務(wù)員不會算帳。 .Her seven-year-old son cant add up properly. 她七歲的兒子不會做加法。拓展：.add up to 合計達，共計 eg: .His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 他所受的全部學(xué)校教育加起來只不過一年。 .The students in the school add up to 3000. 在校學(xué)生共計3000。 .add to 增加，增添 eg: .The bad w

6、eather added to our difficulty. 惡劣的天氣增加了我們的困難。 .This garden will add to the beauty of our school. 這座花園將為我們學(xué)校增添美麗。 add sth. to 把加到上里 eg: .please add my name to the list. 請把我的名字加到名單上。 .If the tea is too strong, add some hot water to it. 如果茶太濃，加點開水。 point (n.) 分數(shù)，得分 eg: .In the game we got ten points w

7、hile the Medical School got only three. 比賽中我們得了十分，而醫(yī)學(xué)院只得了三分。 .Australia finished 20 points ahead. 澳大利亞最終以20分的優(yōu)勢領(lǐng)先。 point (n.) 點；小數(shù)點 eg: .4.5 reads four point five. 4.5讀作four point five。.What do these red points stand for on the map? 地圖上的這些紅點表示什么？ point (n.) 觀點、論點 eg: She made several interesting poi

8、nts in the article. 她在文章中提出了幾個有趣的觀點。拓展： .strong point 優(yōu)點、強項weak point 弱點、缺點 .to the point 切題，切中要害 off the point 離題 .be on/at the point of doing sth. 正要干某事的時候 eg: He was on the point of leaving home when the bell rang. 他正要出門的時候，門鈴響了。 point (v.) to/at 指著，指向 辨析： 表遠指用point to；表無敵意也用point to表近指用point at；

9、表含敵意也用point at eg: .Its no polite to point at others. 指著別人是不禮貌的。 .He pointed at the book he wanted. 他指著他想要的那本書。 .He pointed to a house in the distance and said that was his grandparents. 他指著遠處的一所房子說那是他祖父母的。 point (v.) sth. at sb./sth. 用某物瞄準、對準某人或某物 eg: The hunter pointed his gun at the bear. 獵人用槍對準了

10、那只熊。point (v.) out 指出eg: He pointed out my mistakes in my composition. 他指出了我作文中的錯誤。4.Your friend comes to school very upset.你朋友來到學(xué)校，5.心情很不6.好。upset (adj.) 心煩意亂的；不舒服的upset 在本句中作主語補足語，表示主語的狀態(tài)或說明主語的特征。eg: He stayed in a new strange place quite upset. 他呆在一個新的陌生的地方感到很不安。upset (adj.) 也作表語或定語eg: .Jim wsa/f

11、elt quite upset because he was worried about his exam.吉姆擔(dān)心考試，感到心煩意亂。（表語） .she had an upset stomach. 她感到腸胃不舒服。（定語） upset (v.) 使不安，使心煩意亂；使難過；使不舒服 upset-upset-upset eg: .The new policy upset a lot of people. 新政策使得很多人都很不安。 .Dont upset yourself about that news. 別讓那條學(xué)習(xí)令你心煩意亂。 .Eating too much will upset y

12、our stomach. 吃太多會使你的胃不舒服。拓展：upset (v.) 打翻；打亂 eg: .I upset a glass of milk. 我打翻了一杯牛奶。.Rain upset our plans for a picnic. 雨打亂了我們?nèi)ヒ安偷挠媱潯?upset-upsetting (現(xiàn)在分詞或形容詞) 作adj.時常有結(jié)構(gòu)：It be + upsetting + that從句 eg: It is upsetting that she is so late. 她遲到這么長時間，使人很不高興。7.You had to pay to get it repaired. 你不8.得不9

13、.出錢讓人修理。get /have sth./sb. done 請（讓）別人做某事；遭遇某事 表被動eg: 1.I got/had a tooth filled yesterday. 昨天我去補了一顆牙。（由別人補的） 2.Theres something wrong with the TV, I must get/have it repaired. 電視機有毛病，我得請人修理。（由別人修理） 3.I had my wallet stolen in the street the other day. 幾天前在街上我的錢包被人偷了。 （遭到偷竊，而不是我請人來偷的）拓展：另外，動詞keep、ma

14、ke、let和感官動詞see、find等也適用此結(jié)構(gòu) eg: 1.Keep the fish untouched. 別動那些魚。 2.I saw the old lady carried upstairs. 我看見那個老婦人被抬到樓上了。 3.She found the world outside completely changed after the typhoon. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)臺風(fēng)過后外面的世界徹底不一樣了?；仡櫍?get/have/keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事 eg: They had us laughing all through the meal. 他們讓我

15、們在吃飯時自始至終笑個不停。 .keep doing sth. 一直做某事 eg: I kept waiting for her for about 2 hours. 我一直等了她2小時。 .get sb. to do sth.=have/let/make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 eg: 1.Ill get the driver to take you to the airport. 我會讓司機送你去機場。 2.You should have your friends help you. 你應(yīng)該讓你的朋友們幫助你。 6You will ignore the bell and go

16、 some where quiet to calm your friend down. 你會不顧鈴聲去一個安靜的地方讓你的朋友鎮(zhèn)定下來。ignore (v.) 不理睬，不顧；忽視 eg: 1.The boys were so rude that we decided to ignore them. 這些孩子太粗魯了，我們決定不理他們。 2.Im very upset to be ignored by my English teacher. 英語老師忽視我使我很難過。拓展：ignorant (adj.) 無知的，愚昧的+of/about ignorance (n.) 無知，愚昧+of/about

17、 eg: 1.This is an ignorant question. 這是一個無知的問題。 2.They are ignorant of the recent changes here. 他們對這里最近的變化一無所知。 3.Please forgive my ignorance. 請原諒我的無知。 4.His talk shows his ignorance of electronics. 他的談話表現(xiàn)出他對電學(xué)一無所知。 calm(v.) 使平靜，使鎮(zhèn)定 calm down 平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)定下來 eg: 1.The mother calmed her baby (down) by givi

18、ng him some candy. 母親給嬰兒糖果使他安靜下來了。 2,He took a deep breath to calm himself (down). 他深吸一口氣讓自己鎮(zhèn)定下來。 3.The sea calmed down. 海上風(fēng)平浪靜了。calm (adj.) .(形容人)鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的；冷靜的，不激動的 eg: We must keep calm when facing danger. 面對危險時我們必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜。 .(形容海洋等)平靜的 eg: After the storm, the sea became calm. 暴風(fēng)雨過后，大海又風(fēng)平浪靜了。 .(形容天氣)無風(fēng)

19、的 eg: a calm cloudless day 云淡風(fēng)輕的日子 .(形容場所)寧靜的，平靜的 eg: The city is calm again after yesterdays riots. 昨天的暴亂過后，這個城市又恢復(fù)了寧靜。7.You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him. be concerned about 關(guān)心、掛念；為擔(dān)心 eg: 1.She was only concerned about herself. 她只關(guān)心她自己。 2.I was very concerned about my moth

20、ers illness.我很擔(dān)心我母親的病。拓展：be concerned with 與有關(guān)eg: 1.The meeting was concerned with foreign trade.這次會議與外貿(mào)有關(guān)。 2.This accident was concerned with his carelessness.那次事故與他的粗心有關(guān)。 show concern(n.) for sb. 對表現(xiàn)出真正的關(guān)心 eg: The teacher shows true concern for his students. 這位表現(xiàn)出對他學(xué)生的真正的關(guān)心。相關(guān)鏈接：Ive grown so crazy

21、 about everything to do with nature. 我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。 to do with 與有關(guān)，常用于have something to do with 結(jié)構(gòu)中 eg: 1.His job has something to do with computers. 他的工作與電腦有關(guān)。 2.Does the news have anything to do with the accident? 這條新聞與那起事故有關(guān)聯(lián)嗎？類似的有：.have nothing to do with 與毫無關(guān)系 .have a lot/much to do with

22、 與有很大關(guān)系 eg: 1.I have nothing to do with him. 我和他沒有關(guān)系。 2.Hard work has a lot to do with her success.努力工作與她的成功息息相關(guān)。另外，do with=deal with 處理，處置；對付但是，do with 只能跟what搭配，而deal with 要跟how搭配eg: 1.The new manager didnt know what to do with the matter. 2.The new manager didnt know how to deal with the matter.

23、這位新經(jīng)理不知道如何處理這件事。8.The dog got loose and was hit by a car. 狗松脫了，9.被一輛轎車給撞了。get loose 松開，松脫結(jié)構(gòu)為：get(連系動詞)adj./動詞過去分詞類似的還有：get lost迷路 get married結(jié)婚 get hurt受傷 get caught被抓拓展:：letloose 釋放 eg: Dont let the dog loose. 別把狗放開。10.cheat (v.) 作弊cheat in/at 在中作弊eg: He never cheated in/at exams. 他考試從不作弊。cheat (v.

24、) 欺騙，騙取cheat sb. (out) of sth. 騙取某人某物eg: They cheated the old woman (out) of her house and money. 他們騙取了老婦人的房屋和錢財。cheat sb. into doing sth. 哄騙某人做某事eg: The salesman cheated me into buying those useless things. 那個推銷員騙我買了那些沒用的東西。cheat(n.) 騙子；欺騙行為 eg: We all hated that cheats cheat. 我們都憎恨那個騙子的欺騙行為。11.go

25、through .經(jīng)歷,遭受eg: Frank went through many dangers during the war.法蘭克在戰(zhàn)爭中經(jīng)歷了很多危險。 .通過,穿過(從中間或內(nèi)部)eg: Im afraid of going through that dark forest. 我害怕穿越那個黑暗的森林。 .仔細查看 eg: The police went through each pocket of the thief. 警察檢查了竊賊了每一只口袋。12.crazy 瘋的；癡迷be crazy about 對癡迷eg: He is crazy about dancing. 他癡迷于跳

26、舞。be crazy to do sth. 瘋狂做某事eg: Youre crazy to go out in this stormy night.在這樣暴風(fēng)的夜晚出去，你真是瘋了。拓展：go crazy 發(fā)瘋13.share(v.) 分享；分擔(dān)share (in) sth. 分享/分擔(dān)某事或某物eg: 1.We shared (in) the delicious meal. 我們分享了美餐。2.She will share (in) my troubles as my joys. 她愿和我苦樂與共。 share (in) sth. with sb. 與某人分享/分擔(dān)某事或某物 eg: 1.H

27、e hated to share (in) the hotel bedroom with a stranger. 他討厭和陌生人分享一個房間。 2.My wife shared (in) distress with me. 我妻子與我共患難。 share(n.) 一份，份額 eg: I only want my share. 我只要我的那份。 have/take ones share of 負擔(dān)的部分 eg: Ill take my share of the cost. 我負擔(dān)我那部分的費用。14.nature 自然，15.大自然the balance of nature 自然界的平衡；生態(tài)平

28、衡natural(adj.) 自然的，自然界的naturally(adv.) 自然地，自然界地16.purpose 目的，17.意圖eg: our main purpose is to make money.我們的主要目的是賺錢。 on purpose 故意= purposely(adv) (opp.)by accident/chance 偶然 eg: He stepped on my foot on purpose/purposely. 他故意踩我的腳。拓展：for the purpose of (doing sth.) 為了的目的(做某事) eg: Do you come to Londo

29、n for the purpose of seeing your family? 你來倫敦的目的是為看你的家人嗎？ with the purpose of (doing sth.) 懷著的目的（做某事）eg: He went to town with the purpose of buying a new TV他進城的目的是買一臺新電視機。18.辨析in order to, in order that與so as to in order to, in order that既可放句首，又可放句中 so as to 只能放句中eg:1.They went to Beijing in order t

30、o/so as to attend an important meeting. 2.In order to attend an important meeting, they went to Beijing. 而用in order that/so that時，從句中要加情態(tài)動詞eg:She has bought the book in order that/so that she can follow the TV lessons. 她為了能跟上電視課程買了這本書。 同樣，in order that 可置句首、句中，而so that只能置于句中。拓展：(opp.) in order not t

31、o/so as not to eg: I got up very early in order not to/so as not to be late.19.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.但是當(dāng)月光太亮的時候，我不敢打開窗戶。far: 程度副詞，可修飾 形容詞或副詞 “得多；過于；遠比更” 形容詞或副詞的比較級 tooeg: 1.South America is far different from North America. 南北美洲差異極大。（修飾形容詞） 2.This one is

32、 far better. 這個要好得多。（修飾比較級） 3.She has done far too little. 她做的遠遠不夠。（修飾too） 4.I have been talking far too much. 我實在說的太多太多了。（修飾too）辨析：by far “得多”，常用來修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級，以加強語氣，置于后面；若帶有the或a時，置于前后都可以。 eg: 1.This one is better by far. 最高要好得多。 2.She is by far the best.=she is the best by far. 她顯然是最優(yōu)秀的。 dare:

33、用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中，過去式為dared,其他各人稱都用dare。 eg: 1.Tom dared not go alone. 湯姆不敢獨自去。 2.Dare you ask him? 你敢問他嗎？ 3.If he dare go out of the house, I will punish him. 如果他膽敢走出這個房間，我就要懲罰他。 dare:用作實意動詞時，它有一般動詞的全部形式：dares,dared,dared,daring,后加帶to的不定式，但在否定句和疑問句中，其后的不定式符號to可以省去，而daring后的to一般不能省。 eg :1.

34、He didnt dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。 2.How did you dare (to) tell her? 你怎么竟敢告訴她了？ 3.I dare to tell him what I think of him. 我敢告訴他我對他的看法。 4.The little boy stopped at the door, not daring to enter. 那個小男孩站在門口，不敢進去。17I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. set down = write d

35、own/put down 寫下，記下 eg: Please set down what you said just now. 請把你剛才所說的話寫下來。 set down 把放下 eg: He set down the heavy box and rested for a while. 他放下重盒休息了一會。 a series of 一連串的；一系列的；一套 a series of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 單數(shù)謂語 eg: A series of rainy days is going to spoil their holidays. 連綿的雨天將毀了他們的假期。18.feelings(pl.) 感

36、情，情感eg: Im afraid what you said hurt her feelings.恐怕你的話傷了她的感情。辨析：feeling 感覺，知覺 eg: 1.a feeling of cold 冷的感覺 2.i have a feeling that we are being followed. 我覺得有人跟蹤我們。19.according to(介詞)后面須接 n.、pron.、或v-ing, 不能接to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。 “按照，根據(jù)所說” eg: 1.each worker will get paid according to the amount of his work. 每個

37、工人將根據(jù)其工作量來獲得報酬。 2.According to george, it was not the drivers fault. 按照喬治的說法，那不是司機的過錯。20.power(n.) .力量，能力，操縱力：in ones power 在某人的控制下 .權(quán)利：come into power 掌權(quán) .動力，電力：electric power 電力；water power 水力 Powerful(adj.) (opp.) powerless(adj.)21.outdoors(adv.) 戶外 indoors(adv.) 戶內(nèi) outdoor(adj.) 戶外的 indoor(adj.)

38、 戶內(nèi)的 eg: 1.Many flowers can be grown indoors. 2.I prefer outdoor sports.22.suffer(v.) 遭受 eg: Many people in the war suffered hunger. 戰(zhàn)爭中許多人遭受饑餓/忍饑挨餓。suffer from 遭受之苦；患病eg: She often suffers from headaches. 她常常頭痛。Suffering(n.) 痛苦；苦難23.happen to do sth.=It happens that從句：“碰巧”,有一般式，進行式和完成式。 eg: 1.I hap

39、pened to be there when the accident took place.=It happened that I was there when the accident took place. 事故發(fā)生時我碰巧在那里。（一般式） 2.I happened to be bathing when the telephone rang.=It happened that I was bathing when the telephone rang. 電話響時我恰好在洗澡。（進行式） 3.He happened to have seen the film.=It happened t

40、hat he had seen the film. 他碰巧已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。（完成式） happen的否定式有兩種： do not happen to do和 happen not to do eg: 1.I didnt happen to take any money with me. 2.I happened not to take any money with me. 我碰巧沒帶錢。 happen to的there be句型：There happens to be“恰好有一個” eg: There happened to be a post office in the next str

41、eet. 恰好在下條街上有一家郵局。拓展：happen to sb./sth. 發(fā)生在身上 eg: 1.What has happened to Jim? 吉姆怎么啦？/吉姆發(fā)生什么事了？ 2.If anything happens to the machine, do let me know. 如果機器出了毛病，務(wù)必通知我。 Happenings(n.) 所發(fā)生的事24.Jews were caught by Nazis and put away. 尤太人被納粹抓起來并被送進監(jiān)獄。 Jew(n.) 尤太人 Jewish(adj.) 尤太的，尤太人的 put (sb.) away 把（某人）關(guān)

42、押起來 put away 把收起來 eg: Put these tools away after you finished the work.25.thunder(n.) 雷，雷聲 thunderous(adj.) lighting(n.) 閃電26.trust(v.) 相信，信任 trust sb./sth. 相信/信任某人/某事 eg: We trust him because he has never cheated anyone. trust(n.) have/put trust in sb./sth. eg: 1.You should have trust in the doctor

43、. 你應(yīng)該相信醫(yī)生。 2.Dont put your trust in that man, he may trick. 別相信那個男人，他會騙你的。27.stay close(adv.) to待得離很近 具體的、真正的距離概念 而 closely(adv.) 仔細地，嚴密地 是一個抽象的概念 eg: He stood close to his brother and looked at the map closely. 他站在他哥哥的旁邊，仔細地看著地圖。鏈接：close(adj.) .離近的 get close to 靠近（強調(diào)動作） be close to 離近（強調(diào)狀態(tài)） eg: Whe

44、n you find a child is close to the pool, dont let him get closer to it. 當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)一個小孩在池邊時，別讓他再靠近了。 .親密的 eg: a close friend 一位密友 28.German(n.) 德國人；德語 (pl.) Germans 德國人的復(fù)數(shù)形式 (adj.) 德國的，德國人的；德語的 Germany(n.) 德國（國名）29.teenager(n.) 十幾歲的青少年 eg: a club for teenagers 青少年俱樂部 teenage(adj.) 青少年的 eg: teenage problem

45、青少年問題拓展：teens 指的是1319歲的年齡；十幾歲30.get along/on with sb. 與某人相處得（進行時用的較多） get along/on with sth. 某事進展得 +well,nicely,badly等，表示相處/進展的程度 eg: 1.He gets along/on very well with his classmates. 他和他的同班同學(xué)相處得非常好。 2.How are you getting along/on with your study? 你學(xué)習(xí)進展得怎么樣了？ 3.How are you getting along? 你過得怎樣？31.go

46、ssip(n.) 閑話；流言蜚語 eg: She had a gossip with her neighbour. 她與鄰居閑聊了一會。 gossip(v.) gossip (with sb.) about sb./sth. 與（某人）閑聊/流短蜚長eg: Its getting late, I must stop gossiping with you about those useless topics any longer.天色晚了，我得停止和你聊那些無聊的話題了。32.fall in love (with) 愛上 eg: 1.They met at a party and immedia

47、tely fell in love. 他們在一次聚會上相遇并一見鐘情。 2.At the age of 24, she fell in love with a teacher, and two years later, they got married. 她在24歲時愛上了一位老師，兩年后他們結(jié)婚了。辨析：fall in love (with) 表短暫性的動作 be in love (with) 表持續(xù)性的狀態(tài)，可與一段時間連用 eg: 1.The two young people have been in love with each other for five years. 兩個年輕人相

48、戀已經(jīng)有五年了。 2.It is five years since they fell in love with each other.33.edit(v.) 編輯，編排 editor(n.) 編輯，編者 edition(n.) 版本，版次34.advice(Un.) 建議，忠告 advice s eg: a piece of advice 一條建議/忠告 follow/take ones advice 接受/聽從某人的建議 ask for sbs advice=ask sb for advice 征詢某人的意見 give sb some advice on (doing) sth. 給某人提

49、關(guān)于的建議 eg: Mr. Smith gave us some good advice on the study of English. 史密斯先生給了我們一些如何學(xué)習(xí)英語的建議。 advise(v.) advise z advise sth. 建議某事 eg: He advised an early start. 他建議早點出發(fā)。 . advise doing sth. 建議做某事   eg: He advised putting off the meeting. 他建議推遲會議。 . advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建議某人（不要）做某事 eg: Ive advised my father not to smoke