高中考試英語主謂一致教案

1、主謂一致一、概述：主謂一致的三個根本原那么是：語法一致、意義一致和就近原那么.“語法一致是指形式上的一致.即：主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.“意義一致是指有些主語形式上雖為單數(shù),而意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；同樣有些主語形式上雖為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上是單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù).“就近原那么是指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與最靠近它的名詞或代詞保持一致.二、主謂一致的幾種情況：一并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語的情況：1、and連接并列成分作主語的情況：由and或bothand連接的并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù).如：HeandIareteachers.BothheandIareteac

2、hers.and連接的兩局部表示同一個人、事物或概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：acartandhouse一駕馬車,acupandsaucer一套杯碟,aneedleandthread針線,awatchandchain,acoatandtie,truthandhonesty,medicalhelpandcure,myhouseandhome我的家,causeandeffect因果,supplyanddemand供求關(guān)系,penandink筆墨,whiskyandsoda威士忌和蘇打,指種酒,warandpeace戰(zhàn)爭與和平,aknifeandfork刀叉,fishandpotatochip

3、s魚和炸土豆條,thebreadandbutter面包與黃油,earlytobedandearlytorise早睡早起.如：Aknifeandforkisonthetable.由and連接兩個帶thea或物主代詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果只有前一個名詞帶thea或物主代詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如：TheteacherandthedoctorareChinese.TheteacheranddoctorisaChinese.這位教師兼醫(yī)生是中國人.and前后均有each,every,no,manya等修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),構(gòu)成并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).其中后一個限定詞可以省略.

4、如：Nosoundand(no)voiceisheard.Eachmanand(each)womanishere.Manyateacherand(manya)studenthasseenthefilm.由“and連接的前置并列修飾語+不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如：Goodandbadmeatinthemarketaresoldout.“不可數(shù)名詞+and連接的后置并列修飾語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:BeerfromtheUSAandGermanyismuchbetterthanthatfromBritain.由and連接的第二個名詞短語表示否認(rèn)或帶有狀語時,謂語動詞與第一個名詞保

5、持一致.如：Theparentsandnotthesonweremissing.Theteacher,andperhapshisstudentstoo,islikelytobepresent.what從句的并列式作主語時,并列完整式用復(fù)數(shù)；并列縮略式用單數(shù).如：Whathesaysandwhathethinkshavenothingtodowithme.WhatIsayanddoismyownaffair.注意這兩句根據(jù)的是意義一致的原那么：Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.他言行不一致.Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.他的言行與我無關(guān)

6、.由and連接的兩個疑問代詞、不定式或動名詞作主語時,根據(jù)主語表達(dá)的意義,確定謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式即意義一致原那么.如：Whereandwhentobuildthehouseisnotdecided.Whentohavethemeetingandwhotoholdthemeetingarenotdecidedyet.Whatcausedthefireandhowmuchthelosswasarestillunknown.2、“就近原那么：由并列連詞or,nor,notonlybutalso,notbut,eitheror,neithernor,whetheror等連接并列成分作主語,以及在the

7、re/herebe句型中有并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)“就近原那么在疑問句或倒裝句中也應(yīng)該根據(jù)“就近原那么確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).如：NotonlyhebutalsoIamateacher.NotonlyIbutalsoheisateacher.IsnotonlyhebutalsoIateacher?Oneortwofriendsarecomingthisevening.3、“就前原那么：當(dāng)主語后面接with,together/alongwith跟一起,aswellas以及,asmuchas與樣多,suchas,suchas,besides/except/but除夕卜,inadditiont

8、o除外,including包括,like如,ratherthan而不是,without沒有,nolessthan不少于,morethan多于,combinedwith力口上,accompaniedby由陪同,nolessthan等構(gòu)成的短語修飾時,謂語動詞仍與前面的主語保持一致即“就前原那么.如：Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtotheparty.TheyexceptJimareChinese.二單一成分作主語的情況一般情況下主語的人稱和數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式.1、名詞作主語的情況：形復(fù)義

9、單的名詞.這類名詞有news,means方法,works工廠,plastics塑料,politics政治,mathematics數(shù)學(xué),economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),mechanics力學(xué),athletics運(yùn)動,electronics電學(xué),classics古典文學(xué),linguistics語言學(xué),statistics統(tǒng)計學(xué)等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)；但當(dāng)這類學(xué)科名詞表示“具體的活動,學(xué)業(yè),見解,原理,情況等時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如：Politicsismyweaksubject.Whatarehispolitics？他的政見如何？形復(fù)義復(fù)的名詞.這類名詞有g(shù)lasses,trousers/plants

10、褲子,shoes,socks,gloves,scissors,clothes,savings儲蓄金,belongings財產(chǎn),goods貨物,chopsticks,compasses圓規(guī)等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)這些名詞前帶上了單位詞pair,kind,type,sort,suit,series等時,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與單位詞保持一致.如：Histrousersarenew.Thispairoftrousersisnew.集合名詞作主語.有些集合名詞作主語,謂語動詞常常用復(fù)數(shù).這類名詞有people人們,police警察,cattle牲口,oxen牛,folk人們,youth青年人,mili

11、tia民兵,poultry家禽,theGreens格林一家等.但注意如果以上一些名詞的意義發(fā)生變化時,其謂語動詞不一定用復(fù)數(shù)形式.如：Poultryareusedasfood.家禽常常用來當(dāng)作食品Poultryisakindofmeat.禽肉是一種肉某些集合名詞作主語,如果當(dāng)作整體看待,謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的各個個體或成員,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).這類名詞有family,class,group小組,grade,team,army軍隊,club俱樂部,audience聽眾,crew全體人員,committee委員會,company公司,government政府,union聯(lián)合會,enemy敵人,

12、majority多數(shù),population,staff員工,public公眾,crowd人群,party政黨,couple夫婦,band伙、團(tuán)、隊,cabinet內(nèi)閣,nation國民等.如：Hisfamilyispoor.HisfamilyareallwatchingTV.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語果這些名詞前有a,sucha,thisO根據(jù)上下文及具體意思決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式如that修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如有all,such,these,those修飾時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如sheep,deer,fish魚,means方法,works工廠,species種類,series系列,swine

13、豬,aircraft飛機(jī)、飛艇,bellows風(fēng)箱,crossroads十字路口,headquarters司令部、總部,Swiss瑞士人,Chinese,Japanese等.如：AsheepisSeveralsheepareoverthere.專有名詞如書刊名、報紙、國名、山脈、海峽等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如：TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.名詞所有格表示“商店、工廠或住宅作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).但指“店鋪時,一般當(dāng)集合名詞看待,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).這類名詞有thebaker's烤房,面包房thebarber's理發(fā)店,thecarpente

14、r's木工房,theGreen's格林先生的家等.如：Thedoctor'sisontheothersideofthestreet.Smith'shavealotofthingstosell.史密斯的店鋪里有許多東西賣.名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)“the+形容詞/過去分詞/動詞-ing作主語時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果指“一個人或“抽象的一類事物概念或品質(zhì)時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).這類詞有theold,theyoung,thewounded,thedying等.如：Theblindstudyinspecialschools.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall

15、ofus.美給我們大家以快樂.某些以-ch,-ese,-sh結(jié)尾的表示國家、民族的形容詞與the連用表示“整個民族,作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)它們表示“某種語言時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如：TheChinesearegreat.Chineseisverydifficultforforeignerstolearn.表示量的名詞作主語,要根據(jù)其具體含義確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式.這類詞有half一半,apart一局部,plenty大量,therest其余的人或物,thefollowing下面的人或物等.如：Ihavedrunksomeofthewaterandtherestisforyou.Thefir

16、sttwoofthefourbooksareveryeasy,buttherestareverydifficult.2、代詞作主語的情況：不定代詞each,one,much,either,neither,another,theother+單數(shù)名詞,(a)little等作主語或修飾主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如：Eachofthestudents/Eachstudenthasanewbook.注意當(dāng)each位于復(fù)數(shù)主語后面作同位語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如：Thestudentseachhaveanewbook.復(fù)合不定代詞someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybod

17、y,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).注意：表示人的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語,變反意疑問句時常常用復(fù)數(shù)代詞；表示物的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語,變反意疑問句時常常用單數(shù)代詞.如：Someonewantstoseeyou,don'tthey?Everythingisready,isn'tit?不定彳t詞many,(a)few,several,both等作主語或修飾主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如：Both(ofthebooks)areinteresting.不定代詞all,none,any,

18、some,more,most,alot(of),lotsof等作主語或修飾主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)其指代或修飾的名詞的數(shù)確定單復(fù)數(shù)形式.如：Noneofushasseenthefilm.(我們中沒有一個人看過這部電影.)Noneofushaveseenthefilm.(我們所有的人都沒有看過這部電影.)疑問代詞who,whose,which,what等作主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)說話人的意圖確定單復(fù)數(shù).如：Whoaretoday'stopics?Wholivesnextdoor?It'sJim.指示代詞such,thesame,bellow,thefollowing等作主語時,謂語動

19、詞應(yīng)根據(jù)其內(nèi)容(表語)確定單復(fù)數(shù).如：Suchislife.Sucharehiswords.關(guān)系代詞that,which,who等在定語從句中作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致.注意："oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which型定語從句,復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞,故定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但是,如果one前有this,that,the,thevery,theonly等修飾時,one是先行詞,故定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù).如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournamehere.Hewasoneoftheboyswhowerepraised.Hewa

20、stheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraised.名詞性物主代詞作主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容確定單復(fù)數(shù).如：YourPartyisagreatparty,oursOurPartyisalsoagreatparty.Yourshoesareblack,minemyshoesarewhite.3、數(shù)詞作主語：“四那么運(yùn)算的數(shù)詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)假設(shè)是“加法或“乘法,謂語動詞也可以用復(fù)數(shù).如：Twoandthreeis/arefive.Twelvedividedbythreeisfour.注意：當(dāng)提問加、減、乘、除時,如用howmuch,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)；如用ho

21、wmany,謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù).如：Howmuchisfourtimestwo?Howmanyaretwotimesfive?“分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)of后的名詞確定單復(fù)數(shù).如：Only20percent/Twofifthsofthebooksareworthreading.表示“時間、距離、價格、金額、長度、重量、量度、溫度等的數(shù)詞作主語,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式；但側(cè)重于“假設(shè)干單位時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如：Twentyyearsisn'talongtime.Twothousandpoundsisalargesum.Twentyyearshavepassedsin

22、ceheleft.他離開已經(jīng)二十個年頭了當(dāng)主語被表示“單位、度量的短語修飾時,謂語動詞由表示“度量的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定.這類短語有akindof,asortof,atypeof,apairof,atonof,acupof,ameterof,abottleof,ahandfulof一把,aglassof,apieceof,aboxof,aformof,aquantityof等.如：Hereisapairofshoes.Threemilliontonsofcoalexportedeveryyear.當(dāng)主語被以下短語修飾時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由of后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.這類短語有plentyof,al

23、otof/lotsof,halfof,mostof,therestof,theremainder剩余的,剩下的,someof,aheapof/heapsof許多的、大量的.如：Lotsofmoneyisneeded.Lotsofpeoplearewaitingoutside.幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：TThenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis65<Anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語AnumberofthestudentsareLeaguemembers.Numbersof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Numbersofthestuden

24、tsareLeaguemembers.Manya+單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語ManyagoodfriendofminehasbeentoBeijing.Agood(great)many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Agoodmanystudentsarepresentatthemeeting.廣A/An+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo+單數(shù)謂語Adayortwoisenough.<Sneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Oneortwopersonsaren'tenough.廠A/An+單數(shù)名詞+andahalf+單數(shù)謂語Ayearandahalfhaspassed.*-Oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)/

25、單數(shù)謂語Oneandahalfyearshave/haspassed.MMorethanone+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Therearesomeboysthere,morethanoneareChinese.Morethanone+單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語Morethanonepersonwasabsent.More+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Morestudentsthanonehavebeenthere.iMorethantwo(three)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Morethantenstudentshaveattendedtheconcert.TTheamountof+不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語Theamou

26、ntofmoneyiswasted.LLarge)amountsof+不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語LargeamountsofmoneywerespentontheDbridge.Thequantityof+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語Thequantityofpaper/booksisneeded.(Largequantitiesof+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Largequantitiesofpaper/booksareneeded.fAvarietyof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Therewasavarietyofopinion.Avarietyof+單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語Agreatvariety

27、offlowerswereshownintheexhibition.仃hevarietyof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂Thevarietyofgoodssuggeststhattheyarewealthy.Varietiesof+單數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Therearevarietiesofflowers/water.Chiskindofbookisworthreading.Thiskindofmenisdangerous.AAnaverageof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Anaverageof3studentsareabsenteachdayageis等修飾主語時,Theaverageof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+

28、單數(shù)謂語Theaverageofthestudents18.9.注意：由kind,form,type,sort,species,portion,seriesof謂語動詞常取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù).如：Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.Somenewformsofartwerediscussedatthemeeting.Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.注意：menofthiskind和thesekindofmen作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如：Menofthiskind/Thesekindofmenaredangerous.4、其

29、他情況：兩個主語,一個表肯定,一個表否認(rèn),謂語動詞與肯定主語一致.如：Theparents,nothisson,weremissing.表示前后照應(yīng)的詞組,如theabove,thebelow,theformer,thelatter,thefollowing,such等,應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指對象即表語決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式.如無上下文且無法根據(jù)表語判斷時,那么可以當(dāng)作集合名詞看待.如：Theaboveisarethemostimportantfactfacts.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動詞多用單數(shù).但從句中有含復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時,或“表語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可.如：Whatwene

30、edistime.Whatweneedare/isbooks.Whatyousayandthinkis/arenobusinessofmine.單個的動名詞短語或不定式短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).兩個以上的動名詞短語或不定式短語作并列主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如：Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.Goingfishingandgoingskatingareherfavoritesports.（5） 領(lǐng)先行詞在定語從句中作主語時,應(yīng)注意定語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)與前面的先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致.尤其注意如下結(jié)構(gòu)：oneof/nottheonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)

31、名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞；theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)謂語動詞.如：Hegavemefiveyuanthat/whichisn'tenoughforme.Hegavemetwoapplesthat/whichareenoughforme.Heisoneofthestudentswho/thathavepassedtheexamination.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho/thathaspassedtheexamination.附：特殊名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的判定1、常常當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞處理的有：vegetables,works工廠,games,cards,people人,sci