高中英語選修七unit2重點(diǎn)詞匯 短語講解學(xué)案 及練習(xí)含解析

1、名詞辨析，動(dòng)詞辨析，動(dòng)詞短語辨析適用學(xué)科英語適用年級(jí)高中二年級(jí)適用區(qū)域陜西西安課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）60知識(shí)點(diǎn)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，名詞辨析，動(dòng)詞辨析，動(dòng)詞短語辨析教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握選修七 unit 2重點(diǎn)詞匯，短語，句型。同時(shí)，訓(xùn)練閱讀理解能力和綜合語言能力。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)掌握選修七unit2重點(diǎn)詞匯，短語，句型。同時(shí)，訓(xùn)練閱讀理解能力和綜合語言能力。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解能力和綜合語言能力。教學(xué)過程 一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)內(nèi)容，并引入本節(jié)課程內(nèi)容 二、知識(shí)講解本節(jié)課主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析，中高考考點(diǎn)、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)分析考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1詞匯辨析1. sympathy 同情心，同情; 憐憫一致; 同感; 贊同,慰問; 吊慰

2、習(xí)慣用語:come out in sympathy 舉行同情罷工, 罷工聲援express sympathy for (對(duì).表示)慰問 feel sympathy for (=have sympathy for) 同情in sympathy with 同情; 贊成; 和.一致 win sympathy of 博得.的同情out of sympathy with 對(duì).不同情; 不贊成; 對(duì).沒有同感, 和.不一致feel/have sympathy for 同情 be in sympathy with 贊同seek sympathy from a friend 想得到朋友的同情同義詞： comm

3、iseration -mercy -pity -sensitivity -tolerance -understanding1) I felt real sympathy. 我由衷地感到同情。2) Her sympathy became pungent. 她的同情心變得強(qiáng)烈起來。3) With profound sympathy.4) I felt much sympathy for the blind.5) Her sympathy became pungent. 她的同情心變得強(qiáng)烈起來。2. elegant adj.優(yōu)雅的, 風(fēng)雅的, 雅致的, 文雅的, 有風(fēng)度的,優(yōu)美的, 精彩的, 講究的

4、,口極好的, 一流的elegant furnishings 雅致的裝飾 an elegant gentleman 舉止文雅的紳士an elegant vase 別致的花瓶 an elegant writer 格調(diào)高尚的作家同義詞： cultured fine polished refined superior tasteful 反義詞： inelegantHer manner is elegant. 她的舉止優(yōu)雅。imposingly fashionable and elegant. 令人印象深刻的時(shí)髦、優(yōu)雅。(informal) elegant and fashionable. （非正式）優(yōu)

5、雅而且時(shí)髦。1) Her movements were very elegant. 她的舉止很高雅。2) It looks exquisite and elegant! 看起來確實(shí)很高雅！3) She adopted an elegant pose. 她擺了一個(gè)優(yōu)美的姿勢(shì)。4) She has an elegant carriage. 她儀態(tài)優(yōu)雅。5) A composition marked by elegant phrasing. 用優(yōu)美的措詞寫下的作文6) A plain but very elegant dress 樸素而極雅致的連衣裙7) A room with an elegant

6、 tone. 處于幽雅情調(diào)中的小房間考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2重點(diǎn)詞匯1. absent-adj. 缺席, 不在，不關(guān)心的, 心不在焉的，不存在的; 沒有1). 缺席的,不在場(chǎng)的(+from) Three members of the class were absent this morning.今天早晨該班有三人缺席。 He was absent from the meeting. 他今天開會(huì)缺席。 He is absent from Hong Kong. 他不在香港。2). 缺少的, 不存在的 Snow is absent in his country. 他的國(guó)家不下雪。3). 茫茫然的, 心不在焉的

7、 He looked at me in an absent way. 他茫然地望著我。He had an absent look on his face.他臉上露出心不在焉的神色vt. 不在;缺席Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?昨天你為何不到校？absent 的反義詞是present出席的,在場(chǎng)的How many people were present at the meeting?到會(huì)的有多少人?2 bonus-n.獎(jiǎng)金; 額外津貼，紅利; 余利; 額外股息，政府給的退職金, 退役費(fèi); 美出征獎(jiǎng)金保險(xiǎn)等 1）An incen

8、tive bonus for high productivity. 設(shè)立剌激性獎(jiǎng)金以提高的生產(chǎn)率 2）Bonus payment is linked to productivity. 獎(jiǎng)金與生產(chǎn)率掛鉤。 3）Our Christmas bonus should be restored. 我們發(fā)圣誕節(jié)贈(zèng)金的做法應(yīng)予恢復(fù)。 3 alarm n.警報(bào)，驚慌vt.使警覺，使驚慌give the alarm to發(fā)警報(bào)給. take alarm at對(duì).感到吃驚 a fire alarm火警 a false alarm虛驚一場(chǎng)1）I dont want to alarm you, but there i

9、s a strange man in your garden.我不想嚇唬你, 不過你花園里有個(gè)陌生人2）The fire caused much alarm.火災(zāi)引起很大的恐慌3）She shrieked in alarm. 她驚恐地尖叫起來。4）There's no cause for alarm. 不必驚慌。5) Everyone draw back in alarm每個(gè)人都驚慌而后退3.favour-n.好感；厚愛.偏袒；偏愛.恩惠；善意的行為1) May I ask you a favor? 我可以請(qǐng)您幫個(gè)忙嗎？2) Will you do me a favor and pho

10、ne for me? 你能否幫個(gè)忙給我打個(gè)電話.vt.贊同，贊成幫助；促進(jìn).（容貌）像，似1) The child favors his father with his brown eyes. 這個(gè)孩子的棕色眼睛像他的父親。2) 習(xí)慣用語 in favor of 贊成；支持. in favor of （開支票）付與 do someone a favor 給某人以恩惠；幫某人一個(gè)忙1) I am in favor of stopping work now. 我贊成現(xiàn)在停止工作。2) draw a check in favor of Warner 開一張向沃納付款的支票.3) provide a

11、service or favor for someone. 為某人提供服務(wù)或引起某人的歡心。4) Would you do me a favor? 幫我個(gè)忙好嗎？4.pile 堆，大量； 大數(shù)目；大堆，財(cái)富；大量金錢a pile of=piles of=a lot of堆積如山的，a pile of wood 一堆木頭 piles of work 一大堆工作1) I have a pile of work to do this evening.今晚我有一大堆工作要做2) He has made his pile. 他已發(fā)財(cái)。3) She has a disorderly pile of clo

12、thes to wash.她有亂七八糟的一堆衣服要洗。vt.piled, piling（常與up, on連用）堆起；堆疊；（常與with連用）裝載；往（車上）裝貨；塞滿；常與in, into, on, out of連用）蜂擁而入，蜂擁而出1）She piled the books on the table. 她把書堆在桌子上。2）please pile a cart with straw 把稻草裝到車上5. scan-vt., vi.-nn-細(xì)看，審視，瀏覽，粗略地看，標(biāo)出詩的格律，掃描，掃掠1）The shipwrecked sailor scanned the horizon anxiou

13、sly every morning . 這位遭船難的水手每天早晨焦慮地注視著海天相接之處。2）He scanned the newspaper while having his breakfast . 他在吃早飯的時(shí)候?yàn)g覽了一下報(bào)紙。3）The verses scan smoothly. 這些詩很合韻律。4）The verses scan well. 這些詩句韻律嚴(yán)謹(jǐn).5）Can I scan this document? 我能掃描這份文件嗎？6. or rather或者說，準(zhǔn)確地說What I want is the truth, or rather a series of truth.我需

14、要的是事實(shí)，準(zhǔn)確地說是一系列事實(shí)7. absurd-adj.荒謬的, 荒誕的, 荒唐可笑的an absurd opinion 謬見 Don't be absurd! 不要胡鬧!1）Their request is absurd. 他們的要求是荒謬的。2）Their statement is rather absurd 他們的說法極為荒謬。3）What an absurd suggestion! 多么荒唐的建議！absurd foolish silly ridiculous 均含“不合情理”、“荒唐”、“可笑”、“愚蠢的”意思。absurd 強(qiáng)調(diào)“不符合人情或常識(shí)的”, 如:It'

15、;s clear to everybody that the creation of the world by God is absurd. 人人都清楚, 上帝創(chuàng)造世界的說法是荒謬的。foolish 強(qiáng)調(diào)“缺乏智慧和判斷力的”, e.g.:What a foolish suggestion! 多么荒唐的建議!silly 強(qiáng)調(diào)“單純、糊涂、低能的”, 如:I can't stand her giggling, she's so silly. 她吃吃地笑, 叫我真受不了, 那樣子傻透了。ridiculous 意為“荒謬的”、“令人發(fā)笑的”, 常會(huì)有“鄙視”之意, 如:How rid

16、iculous! 真滑稽! (含“豈有此理”意味)8. accompany v. 陪伴, 伴奏(1) As he was not allowed to accompany her to shops，he wrote out a list of items for her 因?yàn)椴辉试S他陪她到商店，他給她列了一個(gè)購(gòu)物清單。(2) I'd like you to accompany me to the police station我想讓你陪我去警察局。(3) The singer was accompanied byon the piano那位歌手唱歌時(shí)是由鋼琴伴奏的。(4) I must

17、ask you to accompany me to the police station.我得要求你陪我去趟警察局歸納拓展*accompany是及物動(dòng)詞，主要義項(xiàng)有：陪伴；陪同;伴隨。固定搭配形式：be accompanied by; accompany sb. *company是它的名詞形式。 固定短語：keep sbcompany陪伴某人。9.awful- adj.可怕的，威風(fēng)凜凜的,嚴(yán)肅的，口丑陋的, 極壞的; 厲害的; 非常的1） An awful burden; an awful risk. 艱難的重?fù)?dān)；可怕的冒險(xiǎn) 2） My face looks awful.我的臉好難看。 3）

18、 Thanks an awful lot. 多謝。 4） The pain was awful. 劇痛。 5） The smell is awful. 氣味難聞。 6） It's an awful nuisance? 7） Was the voyage awful/unpleasant?航程糟糕嗎？ 8） I fell awful about it. 我覺得很糟糕。10. paint油漆，顏料Wet/Fresh paint!油漆未干nClaire went in to the city and bought curtains， cushions，a carpet and paint C

19、laire進(jìn)城買了窗簾、靠墊、地毯和油漆。1）The painter always brings his paints with him 畫家總是隨身帶著他的顏料。2）There stands a sign saying“Wet Paint!”那兒立著一個(gè)寫著“油漆未干”的標(biāo)志牌。 v1） I want to paint the door blue我想把門漆成藍(lán)色。 2）She paints very well她畫得很好。3）She spent 2 hours painting her face 她花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)往臉上搽化妝品。歸納拓展： paint既可作動(dòng)詞又可作名詞。作名詞時(shí)義項(xiàng)有：油漆；涂

20、料；顏料。 paint作動(dòng)詞可以是及物的也可以是不及物的。義項(xiàng)有：(用顏料)畫；油漆；(用化妝品)11.affair暖昧關(guān)系，事情，私通，事務(wù), 事件, 私事, 戀愛事件,風(fēng)流韻事1）Dont mind ones own affaires/business.別管閑事！2）He has an affair with sb.跟某人有不正當(dāng)?shù)哪信P(guān)系.3）She was having an affair with someone who has a wife（有婦之夫）.4）It's a dress affair. 那是需要穿禮服的集會(huì)。5）Gardening is a cooperativ

21、e affair園藝是一個(gè)協(xié)力的事務(wù)。6）.Let's forget the whole affair/matter/thing. 咱們完全不要再想這件事了。習(xí)慣用語：carry on an affair with sb. 與某人有不正當(dāng)?shù)哪信P(guān)系have an affair with sb. 與某人有不正當(dāng)?shù)哪信P(guān)系mind one's own affairs or business 少管閑事 settle one's affairs 安排自己的事 在(遺囑中)把財(cái)產(chǎn)安排妥當(dāng)Its not my affair.這不關(guān)我的事12. suggest 后跟that 引導(dǎo)的賓

22、語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般要用should虛擬1）I suggested that it would be quicker to travel by train. 我建議說坐火車旅行要快一些。2）He suggested that I should go abroad.他建議我該出國(guó)。當(dāng)suggest譯為指出，暗示時(shí)，后面的賓語從句用陳述語氣1）I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train, but that you caught the 8.25 train." "你沒有搭8點(diǎn)鐘的火車,而是搭的8點(diǎn)25分的車

23、。"2）"When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr Thompson shook his head." "當(dāng)我暗示說,這準(zhǔn)是某些村民進(jìn)來偷喝掉的,湯普森先生搖搖頭。suggest doing sth.建議做I suggest speaking English.我建議講英語suggest sth. to sb.=suggest to sb that從句I suggested to him that he should work hard.13. e

24、nvy嫉妒，羨慕 同義詞be jealous of 反義詞 satisfaction satisfyenvy sb.sth.嫉妒羨慕某人某事 be green with envy非常妒忌be in envy of ones success羨慕某人的成功 out of envy出于妒忌/羨慕（1）What a sweet victory to be envied by those woman一場(chǎng)多令那些婦女嫉妒的甜蜜勝利啊!（2）I envy your success=I envy you your success我羨慕你的成功，（3）I don't envy you your jour

25、ney in this bad weather. 我并不羨慕你在這種壞天氣去旅行。（4）I envy him going abroad. 我羨慕他出國(guó)。n.（1）His new car excited their envy他的新車激起了他們的嫉妒。 （2）She is the envy of the whole street. 她是整條街上人們羨慕的偶像。（3）"He has become an envy of all his friends, since he was assigned to a new promising post.""他被派到一個(gè)新的很有發(fā)展

26、前途的工作崗位,所以成為朋友們羨慕的對(duì)象。"（4）The boy's new electronic toy train was the envy of his friends. 這男孩的新電動(dòng)玩具火車使他的朋友們很羨慕。歸納拓展envy既可作名詞又可作動(dòng)詞。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)固定搭配；+名詞；+復(fù)合賓語。 envy作名詞主要有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：羨慕，嫉妒；令人羨慕的對(duì)象。 envious是其形容詞，固定搭配形式：be envious of。14.divorce-n【律】離婚，分離, 脫離; 斷絕(親系等); 脫節(jié). 同義詞： disconnect disjoin divide separate

27、 the divorce rate 離婚率 sue for a divorce 請(qǐng)求離婚習(xí)慣用語：be divorced from 與.離婚, 與.分開 divorce oneself from 與.離婚, 與.分開 （1）Soon after his divorce in 1873，Asimov married again 在他1973年離婚后不久,Asimov再婚了。 (2) Divorce is on the increase離婚在不斷增加。(3) His wife asked for a divorce他妻子要求離婚。(4) After his divorce the father w

28、as given custody of the children.離婚后,孩子們歸父親照顧。v. 使離婚, 分割；分離；分裂(1)They are divorcing each other他們正鬧離婚。 (2) She divorced her husband two years ago.她兩年前同丈夫離婚了。(3) We shouldn't divorce theory from practice我們不應(yīng)該把理論與實(shí)踐分開。(4) Did Mr Hill divorce his wife or did she divorce him? 是希爾先生要和他太太離婚，還是他太太要和他離婚呢

29、？(5) The new couple divorced each other. 這對(duì)新婚夫婦離婚了。(6) It is hard to divorce love and duty. 愛情和責(zé)任感是難以分割的。(7) The government servants are warned not to be divorced from the people of the masses. 公務(wù)員們被告誡不要脫離人民群眾。歸納拓展 divorce既可作名詞又可作動(dòng)詞。作動(dòng)詞主要有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：離婚；使離婚。常見短語有：ask for a divorce；get divorced；divorcefrom。

30、考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3重點(diǎn)短語習(xí)慣用語：1. alarms and excursions 喧鬧和忙亂; 緊張和騷亂be alarmed at . 被.嚇一跳 be alarmed for . 放心不下, 擔(dān)心 (.的安全)give the alarm 發(fā)警報(bào) be the safety of . 放心不下, 擔(dān)心 (.的安全)raise the alarm 發(fā)警報(bào) ring the alarm 敲警鐘sound the alarm 發(fā)警報(bào); 吹警報(bào)號(hào) take (the) alarm at 對(duì).感到吃驚; 因.而驚恐2. smooth adj平坦的，順利的 have a smooth temper 性

31、格溫和1） His hair was smooth and his voice was deep他的頭發(fā)光滑，聲音深沉。2） Her skin feels smooth and soft她的皮起膚摸起來光滑柔軟3） The course of true love never did run smooth.好事多磨4） Wish you a smooth journey!祝你一帆風(fēng)順!v1) Money helps to smooth away most problems錢有助于解決大多數(shù)問題。2) The sea has smoothed down大海已經(jīng)風(fēng)平浪靜。3) Speaking En

32、glish fluently certainly smoothed our path能流利地講英語當(dāng)然為我們掃清了前進(jìn)的障礙。習(xí)慣用語：take the rough with the smooth 既能享樂也能吃苦smooth away over 使容易, 排除, 解決(困難等) smooth down 弄平; 使平靜smooth out 弄平, 燙平; 消除, 解決, 使順利 smoothen in 擦勻(面霜等)smooth over 把.弄平; 使平息穩(wěn)定下來 消除(障礙等) 遮蓋, 掩飾歸納拓展 反義詞： roughsmooth可用作形容詞和動(dòng)詞。作形容詞主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng)；光滑的；平坦的

33、；平穩(wěn)的。smooth用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)既可以及物又可以不及物，意思是“使平靜；使光滑；消除；克服”。3. apron n. 圍裙,1) Give me the apron please. 請(qǐng)給我圍裙。2) Give the apron another wring. 把圍裙再擰一下。3) She tied an apron on. 她系上了圍裙。4) An apron keeps his clothing unstained. 圍裙使他的衣服保持原樣。5) He holds the land by the apron - string. 他因裙帶關(guān)系而擁有那塊地皮。6) She made up the

34、 remaining cloth into an apron. 她把余下來的布縫成一條圍裙。4.embarrassed 尷尬的, 難堪的, 害羞的be embarrassed in the presence of strangers. 在生人面前局促不安v(1)She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go她感到很尷尬，叫他趕快走開。 (2) Are you trying to embarrass me?你是不是想讓我難堪? (3) I felt embarrassed atby his comments about my clothes他對(duì)我的

35、衣服說長(zhǎng)道短讓我很難堪。(4) She felt embarrassed atby her being late她因遲到而焦慮不安。(5) He is financially embarrassed. 他陷於財(cái)政上的困難。(5) She seem embarrass at the request. 她對(duì)于這個(gè)請(qǐng)求似乎感到難以為情。(6) You didn't embarrass me in the slightest. 你一點(diǎn)也沒讓我為難。(7) She leagued with her mother to embarrass me. 她和她媽媽聯(lián)合起來叫我下不了臺(tái)。 歸納拓展 emb

36、arrass用作動(dòng)詞，主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng)：使窘迫；使難堪；使焦慮不安。 embarrassment是其名詞形式。有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：困窘，難堪；讓人難堪的人或事。 embarrassing是形容詞，“令人難堪的；讓人不安的”。 embarrassed也是形容詞，“感到難堪的；不安的”。5. firm or firmly穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)實(shí)的as firm as a rock堅(jiān)如磐石 a firm faith堅(jiān)定的信念 a firm foundation牢固的基礎(chǔ)adj（1）The chair is not firm enough to stand on. 那椅子不夠穩(wěn)當(dāng)，不能往上站。 （2）I am a firm

37、 believer in always telling the truth.我堅(jiān)信應(yīng)該說真話。 （3）We must take firm measures to prevent our environment from being polluted我們必須采取堅(jiān)定的措施來防止環(huán)境污染。adv （1）He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body他穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地用胳膊接住了她，因而她感覺到了他身體的溫暖。 （2）firmly believe that we should not tell lies我堅(jiān)信我們不該撒慌。

38、（3）She held her lips firmly sitting there 她緊閉雙唇，坐在那兒一言不發(fā)。 歸納拓展 firm用作形容詞主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng)：牢固的，穩(wěn)固的；堅(jiān)決的，堅(jiān)信的；堅(jiān)定的，穩(wěn)定的，此外，firm還可作名詞“公司，商號(hào)”講。固定詞組：be firm with.對(duì)嚴(yán)格或說一不二。 firmly作為副詞，意思是“穩(wěn)固地，堅(jiān)定地”。declare against sth. 聲明反對(duì)某事 declare in favor of sth. 聲明贊成某事declare off 宣布作廢, 毀約, 宣布退出declare oneself 發(fā)表意見, 表明態(tài)度; 宣布自己的身分 歸納

39、拓展declare -announce publish- proclaim 都含“明確地聲明或宣布的意思”。declare 經(jīng)常用于正式場(chǎng)合,指“清楚, 有力地, 公開讓人知道”, 多指正式地當(dāng)眾發(fā)布，常用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和與宜判；announce則指公開地發(fā)布人們所關(guān)心的或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞之類的消息。He declared his intention to run for office. 他宣布了自己參加競(jìng)選的想法。announce 指“把人們關(guān)心或感興趣的事正式公布于眾”, 如:announce a sale 公布減價(jià)。publish 指“通過口頭和書面方式讓公眾都知道, 但主要是后者”,

40、 如:He'll publish a statement. 他將公布一項(xiàng)聲明。proclaim 用于公共或正式場(chǎng)合, 特別指“重大的事件”, 著重“莊嚴(yán)地向廣大群眾宣布”或“嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真地申明”,如:proclaim the founding of a republic 宣告一個(gè)共和國(guó)的成立。6. more than1). 后面跟名詞, 意為“不只是, 不僅僅是”。 （1）Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. 凱特不僅僅是位教師,她還盡其所能照顧她的學(xué)生。（

41、2 ) Modern science is more than a large amount of information.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)不僅僅是大量的信息。（3）My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.我去北京不僅僅是觀光。2) more than與數(shù)詞連用, 意思是“多于,大于, 超過”。 （1）I have known him for more than twenty years.我認(rèn)識(shí)他已超過二十年了。 （2）More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident hap

42、pened. 十多位警察出現(xiàn)在出事地點(diǎn)。3) more than與形容詞和分詞連用,表示“非常、十分”。 （1）They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.看到我們遠(yuǎn)征而歸，他們異常高興。 （2）I am more than happy to accept your invitation.我很高興接受你的邀請(qǐng)。4). more than與動(dòng)詞連用,對(duì)動(dòng)詞起著加強(qiáng)語氣的作用。 （1）Repeated advertising will more than increase product sales.多次做廣告

43、意味著增加產(chǎn)品的銷售。5) more than和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子連用,有否定意義,表示“是難以”或“超過了所能”之義。 （1）The beauty of the village is more than I can describe.我難以描述那個(gè)山村的美麗。 (2) This problem is more than a child can settle. 這一問題超出了小孩的解決能力。 6) no more than意思是“僅僅,不過,只是”。 (1) All his education added up to no more than one year. 他接受的所有的學(xué)校教育只有一年

44、。 (2) Their new flat has no more than 60 square meters.他們的新居只有60平方米。7). not more than表示“至多,不超過” (1)Lying on the ground was a schoolboy of not more than seventeen. 躺在地上的那個(gè)男學(xué)生最多十七歲?？键c(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4重點(diǎn)句子1. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 轉(zhuǎn)過身去時(shí),格拉雷斯克拉芬站在那里。 turn around同turn round 轉(zhuǎn)過身與turn有關(guān)的短語：

45、 turn back 折回, 翻回 turn in 上交turn down 拒絕, 調(diào)小/低 turn out 結(jié)果是; 生產(chǎn) turn on開(燈等) turn off關(guān)(燈等) turn up出現(xiàn);到達(dá) there stood. 此句為存在結(jié)構(gòu),常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有stand, seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, live, come, enter, lie等 There happened to be nobody in the room.2. By the amused and surprise look on her face, Ch

46、aire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. After all, she knew Claires husbands name was Larry.從她臉上驚奇的表情判斷,克萊爾知道拉迪斯認(rèn)為她有外遇,畢竟她知道她丈夫的名字是拉里。by prep. 此處相當(dāng)于according to根據(jù),按照 By my watch it is two oclock.by的用法：1) “到.時(shí)為止”,其后若跟過去時(shí)間, 時(shí)態(tài)多用過去完成時(shí);若跟將來時(shí)間, 時(shí)態(tài)多用將來完成時(shí)。By the age of 15, he had taught hi

47、mself advanced maths.到15歲時(shí),他就自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。2) 表示時(shí)間時(shí), 還有“在期間,不遲于”的意思。 I have no idea why he often sleeps by day. 我不知道他為什么常在白天睡覺。 By tomorrow he will be here.他明天就到這兒。3) by 作為介詞和副詞,意思還有“在附近,在旁邊,經(jīng),由,依據(jù),通過,用,以方式”等。 There is a mall table by the bed. 在床邊有一張小桌子。 Please let me by. 請(qǐng)讓我進(jìn)去。3. She cried out “Tony” an

48、d then heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她大叫“托尼”, 接著她就聽到托尼鄭重地說第二天他不想離開她,并且他感到不僅僅只是想讓她開心。declare vt.1) 宣布, 宣告; 聲明+(that) to make known formally or officially.The new Congress declared a state of war with Germany.新的國(guó)

49、會(huì)向德國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)了2) 宣稱;斷言+(that)（1）The accused man declared himself innocent. 被告聲稱他是無罪的。（2）She declared that she didnt want to see him again. 她宣稱再也不愿見他了。 （3）I declared at the meeting that I did not support him.我在會(huì)上聲明我不支持他。（4）I declared the meeting closed我宣布會(huì)議結(jié)束。（5）Jones was declared the winner of the fightJon

50、es被宣布為拳擊賽的勝者。（6) She declared that she knew nothing about the robbery她聲稱自己對(duì)這一次搶劫一無所知。4. leave sb./sth. alone =let sb./sth alone隨他去, 不干涉, 不管, 讓其獨(dú)自待著(1) Leave my book alone.別動(dòng)我的書(2) Dont think I will leave him alone.別以為我會(huì)讓他自由自在let alone 連用譯為“更不用說”A 1 year-year-old child cant even speak, let alone reci

51、te poems.5. You cannot have women falling in love with machines.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示的是一個(gè)正在持續(xù)或進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作, 即句中的賓語和現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,且分詞表示的動(dòng)作處于持續(xù)狀態(tài)。常用的可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有兩類：1) 表示感覺的動(dòng)詞,如see, hear, watch, find, feel, smell, observe, notice, look at, listen to等。2) 部分使役動(dòng)詞,如have, keep, g

52、et, catch, leave, set等Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate.現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作,不定式主動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過程或即將發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 I heard him playing the piano in the next room. Now let me hear you play the piano a second time. 三、例題精析【例題1】【題干】I wasnt sure if he was r

53、eally interested or if he polite.A. was just being B.will just be C.had just been D.would just be 【答案】A 【解析】I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he polite.句意為“我不能確信他是真正感興趣呢還是僅僅為了表示禮貌。”句前wasnt sure表明說話的起點(diǎn)是過去時(shí)，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的過去時(shí)?！纠}2】 【題干】Experiments of this

54、 kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 【答案】D 【解析】句意為“就在二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前，美國(guó)和歐洲都進(jìn)行過這種實(shí)驗(yàn)。”首先考慮語態(tài)，主語experiment與conduct構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，謂語使用被動(dòng)形式。題干中出現(xiàn)the second war是過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，before the second war是過去的過去，因此使用過去完成時(shí)。選D。【例題3】 【題干】In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.A.have pr