英漢互譯技巧_5

1、英漢詞匯翻譯技巧英漢詞匯翻譯技巧正反法正反法英語中的否定獨(dú)體否定詞 no, not, never, neither, nor, none, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, barely等合成否定詞 nothing, nobody, nowhere, without等派生否定詞 含有a-, ab-, anti-, de-, dis-, mal-, mis-, non-, in-, ob-, under-, un-, -less, -free等詞綴的詞結(jié)構(gòu)否定詞 tooto, let alone, anything but, rathe

2、r than, other than, far from等英語中的否定表示否定意義的動詞 fail, neglect, miss, deny, ignore, refuse, forbid, wonder, lack, stop, doubt等表示否定意義的介詞 without, instead of, in place of, out of, but for, beyond, except, but, in the dark, above, behind等表示否定意義的連詞 unless, rather than, other than, neither. nor, before, exce

3、pt that, or, otherwise等表示否定意義的形容詞 far from, short of, free from, different from, last, poor, absent等英漢語中的正反表達(dá)英語中：是否用no, not, never或者帶有de-, dis-, im-, in-, un-, -less等詞綴的詞漢語中：是否用“不”、“非”、“無”、“沒（有）”、“未”、“否”、“莫”、“勿”、“別”等字英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)英漢詞匯翻譯正反法(英 漢)英語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表

4、達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)1. 動詞動詞 We arrived late at the theater, and missed the first act of the play. 我們到劇場晚了，沒有看到第一幕。 We will live up to what our parents expect of us. 我決不辜負(fù)父母的期望。 I have read your articles, I expect to meet an older man. 我讀過你的文章，沒想到你這樣年輕。 Some problems remain to be solved. 有些問題仍未解決。 The evi

5、dence is clear enough, excluding all possibilities of doubt. 證據(jù)確鑿，毋庸置疑。英漢詞匯翻譯正反法(英 漢)英語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)2. 名詞名詞 In the absence of force, a body will either remain at rest or continue to move with constant speed in a straight line. 如果沒有外力作用，物體或者保持靜止，或者繼續(xù)做勻速直線運(yùn)動。 There are comrades who feel p

6、ride, instead of shame, in their ignorance or scanty knowledge of our own history. 有些同志對自己的歷史一點(diǎn)不懂，或者懂得很少，不以為恥，反以為榮。 A dose of poison can do its work only once, but a bad book can go on poisoning peoples minds for any length of time. 一劑毒藥只能害人一次，但一本書卻能無限期地毒害人的思想。英漢詞匯翻譯正反法(英 漢)英語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反

7、面表達(dá)3. 形容詞形容詞She has an incisive manner of speaking, happily free from hum and ha.她說話干脆果斷，完全沒有哼哼哈哈的腔調(diào)。Her husband hates to see her stony face.她丈夫不愿看到她那張毫無表情的臉。The last thing I want in this world is to hurt you.在這個(gè)世界上我最不愿意做的事就是傷害你的感情。He lay awake almost the whole night. 他躺在那兒，幾乎一夜沒睡。英漢詞匯翻譯正反法(英 漢)英語的正

8、面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)4. 副詞副詞Little does he care whether we live or die.他根本不在乎我們死活。It should be emphasized that many of these factors are very poorly understood. 應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，對這些因素很多都不甚了解。Pure water hardly conducts an electric current at all, but it becomes a good conductor if salt is dissolved in it.純水

9、幾乎是不導(dǎo)電的，但是，如果其中溶解了鹽就成了良導(dǎo)體。The world will be long forgetting their evil deeds. 世人不會很快就忘記他們的罪行。英漢詞匯翻譯正反法(英 漢)英語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)5. 介詞或介詞短語介詞或介詞短語It is out of the question for anyone to build a castle in the air.任何人想建立空中樓閣是不可能的。Famous as the actress may be, her manners are anything but graciou

10、s.那女演員雖很有名，但舉止欠佳。Im at my wits end to keep the children quiet. 我實(shí)在沒有辦法讓這些孩子保持安靜。Telescopes enable watchers to see very faint stars which are far beyond the reach of the naked eye. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡能使觀察人員看見肉眼根本看不見的許多很暗的星星。英漢句式翻譯正反法(英 漢)英語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)6. 連詞連詞Do it now before you forget.現(xiàn)在就做，免得忘記。She be

11、came a mother before she had attained her fifteen years.她不到十五歲就做了母親。Its long time since I enjoyed myself so much.我好久沒這么痛快地玩了。Strike me if I know.我真的不知道。I am hanged if I agree with him.我決不會同意他的看法。As if I cared.我不在乎。英漢句式翻譯正反法(英 漢)英語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)7. 連詞連詞thanHe would rather die than give up.

12、他寧死不屈。I, rather than you, should be responsible for the accident.該對此事故負(fù)責(zé)的是我而不是你。He earns more money than he can spend. 他賺的錢花不完。She was more frightened than hurt.她沒有受傷，倒是受驚不小。Better to do well than to say well.與其說得好，不如做得好。You can no more swim than I can fly.你不會游泳就像我不會飛行一樣。英漢句式翻譯正反法(英 漢)英語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)

13、漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)8. 動詞不定式動詞不定式動詞不定式用在動詞不定式用在yet之后有否定意義之后有否定意義 In all my travels I had yet to see a place as beautiful as the West Lake. 我所到之處還未見過像西湖這樣美的地方。 The best is yet to come. 最好的還未到來。英漢句式翻譯正反法(英 漢)英語的正面表達(dá)英語的正面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)漢語的反面表達(dá)9. 委婉語和反語委婉語和反語 She lived and died a virgin. 她終身沒有結(jié)婚。 You might have bee

14、n more careful. 你不該這么粗心大意。 Much will he care for your health! 看他對你的健康有多關(guān)心吧！ A nice father youll make! 你成為一個(gè)好父親吧！ All music is alike to Tom. 所有的音樂對湯姆都一樣。英漢詞匯翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)1. 動詞動詞She unlocked the door and turned the handle to open it.她打開門鎖，旋動把手將門打開。We strongly disapprove of the

15、 companys new policy.我們強(qiáng)烈反對公司的新政策。The doubt was still unsolved after he repeated explanation.他再三解釋，但疑團(tuán)依然存在。Youd better mind your own business.你最好別管閑事。英漢詞匯翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)2. 名詞名詞The house was in a state of disorder because of the young children.由于有小孩，家里亂七八糟。He was awaiting the o

16、utcome with impatience.他焦急地等待著結(jié)果。He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business.他對他父親的行業(yè)表示出強(qiáng)烈的厭惡情緒。It was said that someone has sown discord among them.據(jù)說有人在他們中間挑撥離間。英漢詞匯翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)3. 形容詞形容詞He failed his examination because his work was careless and full of mistak

17、es.他考試不及格，因?yàn)樗淖鳂I(yè)粗枝大葉，錯(cuò)誤百出。All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物館內(nèi)一切展品禁止觸摸。He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.他這個(gè)人優(yōu)柔寡斷，而且總是反復(fù)無常。英漢詞匯翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)4. 副詞副詞He never spared himself and so he made me work hard.他總是拼命干，所以我也只好拼命干。She shook her head h

18、opelessly.她絕望地?fù)u了搖頭。He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.他馬馬虎虎地看了一眼那張便條就走了。英漢詞匯翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)5. 介詞或介詞短語介詞或介詞短語The train coming from Shanghai will arrive in no time.從上海開來的火車很快就到站。Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon.今天下午學(xué)生全都要交論文

19、。英漢句式翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)6. 雙重否定雙重否定You cannot make omelettes without breaking eggs.有失才有得。有得必有失。There is no rule that has no exceptions.任何規(guī)則都有例外。They never meet without quarreling.他們每次見面總要吵架。We will never neglect our duties.我們永遠(yuǎn)會盡我們的職責(zé)。This is a matter of no small consequence.這件事可是

20、關(guān)系重大。英漢句式翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)7. 多余否定多余否定Let me know if this story is not interesting.告訴我這個(gè)故事是否有趣。Here is my composition. Please look at it over to see if I havent made any silly mistakes.這是我的作文，請你看一下，看看我是否犯了一些不該犯的錯(cuò)誤。I went to the city to see if my uncle could not help me out of dif

21、ficulty.我到城里去看看我叔叔能否幫我擺脫這個(gè)困難。英漢句式翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)8. 并列否定并列否定He denied that he had no intention of hurting your feeling。他否認(rèn)他是存心要傷害你的感情的。It never occurred to me to doubt that your work would not advance our common object in the highest degree.我從來沒有懷疑你的工作會大大推近我們的共同目標(biāo)。主句的謂語是deny, d

22、oubt, forbid等表示否定意義的動詞， 其后面的賓語從句又用一個(gè)否定詞。英漢句式翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)9. 特定的詞語搭配特定的詞語搭配A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it be good, it can not last too long; if bad, you can not get rid of it too early.一本書好比你的鄰居，如果是本好書，相伴得越久越好。如果是本壞書，越早擺脫它越好。The importance of curbing inflation

23、 can not be overemphasized.應(yīng)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)遏制通貨膨脹的重要性。1. can + not/never + too/over (總不嫌過分；越越好)英漢句式翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)9. 特定的詞語搭配特定的詞語搭配Thats nothing less than a miracle.那完全是個(gè)奇跡。It is no more than a beginning.這僅僅是個(gè)開端。Nothing agrees with me more than oysters.我最喜歡吃牡蠣。2. no/not/nothing + more/le

24、ss + than英漢句式翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)9. 特定的詞語搭配特定的詞語搭配He is nothing but a cheat.他就是個(gè)騙子。He did not come back home until late in the evening.他直到晚上很晚才回家。3. no/not/nothing/never + but/except/until 英漢句式翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)10. 否定形式的條件句否定形式的條件句Well, if it isnt beautiful.哇，太漂亮了！Ill teach you how to behave, see if I dont.我要教你怎么做人，我是說到做到的。英漢句式翻譯反正法(英 漢)英語的反面表達(dá)英語的反面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)漢語的正面表達(dá)11. 否定形式的比較句否定形式的比較句Nothing is so happy for a revolutionary as to serve the people heart and soul.對于一個(gè)革命者來說，全心全意為人民服務(wù)是最幸福的。He never looked