（精心整理）非謂語動詞與獨立主格結構

1、非謂語動詞與獨立主格結構非謂語動詞分為三類：不定式（infinitive）、動名詞（gerund）和分詞（participle）。其特點是：1不定式、動名詞和分詞可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能單獨做謂語，這也是它們被稱為"非謂語動詞"的原因。2它們具有各種形態(tài)：一般式、主動態(tài)、被動態(tài)、進行態(tài)和完成態(tài)。3不定式和動名詞可以做主語、賓語、表語、補語等。但不管起什么作用，它們都具有動詞的功能，但無語法上的動詞性質(zhì)，這一點可以通過它們不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制體現(xiàn)出來。4分詞起形容詞和副詞作用，可做表語、定語、狀語，但不能做主語和賓語。它也不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制。一不定式（一） 形式

2、 語態(tài)時態(tài)主動形式被動形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done進行式to be doing 完成進行式to have been doing 1.完成式 不定式的一般形式所表示的動作, 通常與主要謂語表示的動作(狀態(tài))同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生, 或是在它之后發(fā)生. 假如不定式所表示的動作, 在謂語所表示的動作(狀態(tài))之前發(fā)生, 就要用不定式的完成式.I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).(比較: I am glad to see

3、 you.)He is said to have written a new book about workers.He pretended not to have seen me.2.進行式 如果主要謂語表示的動作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生時, 不定式表示的動作正在進行, 這時要用不定式的進行式.You are not supposed to be working. You havent quite recovered yet.We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.He pretended to be listening attentively. 3.

4、完成進行式 在謂語所表示的時間之前一直進行的動作, 就要用不定式的完成進行式.The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.We are happy to have been working with you.4.被動式當不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時, 不定式一般要用被動形式.It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.She hated to be flattered.He wanted the letter to be typed at once

5、.【例】Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ to the nation.A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left結合選項來看，全句的意思：“78歲的丹尼斯爵士已經(jīng)向眾人宣布他的許多收藏品將留給國家"。收藏品是"被留給國家”，因此需要一個被動式做賓語，所以答案是D) is to be left。（二）句法功能1.不定式作主語【例】It is not unusual for workers in that re

6、gion _.A) to be paid more than a month later       B) to be paid later than more a month C) to pay later than a month more      D) to pay later more than a monthit 在句中作形式主語。 而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的邏輯主語。結合選項全句的意思是：“那個地方的工人一個多月后才得到工資是常有的事”

7、，答案是A)。2.不定式做賓語大部分動詞可加不定式做賓語。如：We are planning to build a reservoir here.【例】There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble.A) making B) to makeC) to have made D) having made動詞mean在本句中的意思是“打算”，后面只能接動詞不定式做賓語。所以答案是B) to make。動詞mean后面接名詞和動名詞時，意思是“表示的意思、意味著”，所以選項

8、A 和 D錯誤。3. 不定式做補足語補語用于補充說明主語或賓語。（1）不定式做主語補足語【例】The ancient Egyptians are supposed _ rockets to the moon.A) to send B) to be sending C) to have sent D) to have been sending在本句中，句首表示時間概念的ancient表明不定式動作在句子謂語動作之前，不定式要用完成式， 因而答案是C)。在本句中，該不定式完成式to have sent作主語補足語。（2）不定式做賓語補足語這樣的動詞有：advice, allow, announce

9、, ask, assist, authorize, bear, beg, bribe, cause, command, compel, condemn, deserve, direct, drive, enable, encourage, entitle, entreat, exhort, forbid, force, get, hate, help, implore, induce, inspire, instruct, intend, invite, lead, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, pray,

10、prefer, press, prompt, pronounce, recommend, remind, report, request, require, summon, teach, tell, tempt, urge, want, warn, wish。這樣的短語有：call on（請求）, care for（關心）, count on（依靠，指望）, depend on（依賴、依靠）, keep on at（困擾，追問）, long for（渴望）, make out（分辨）, vote for（選舉）, prevail on（說服）, rely on（信賴）, wait for（等待

11、）?！纠縏hey are going to have the serviceman _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed全句的意思是：“他們準備讓服務人員明天在辦公室里裝一臺電扇”。"have sb. do sth."句型的主動語態(tài)，因此，have 后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，所以答案是A) install。4.不定式作表語One of our main tasks now is to mechanize ag

12、riculture.5.不定式做定語不定式做定語時，不定式修飾中心詞或者不定式短語末的介詞與中心詞組成介詞短語，修飾中心詞（下面例1）。這些動詞不定式可能是及物的（帶賓語），也可能是不及物的。要特別注意如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，則不定式后要加介詞，因為此時不定式與其修飾的名詞實質(zhì)上有動賓關系。很多名詞后可接不定式做定語，如ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination, drive（動力）, effort, force, inclination, intenti

13、on, method, motive, movement, need, opportunity, pressure, reason, right（權利）, struggle, tendency, wish, anything, anyone, everything, everyone, nothing, no one, something, some one等。 這類名詞通常表示抽象概念，后面用動詞不定式做定語，表示該名詞的具體內(nèi)容，解釋前面中心名詞（例2）在這種結構中，不能用分詞形式?！纠?】Could you find someone_？A) for me to play tennis w

14、ith B) for me to play tennis C) play tennis with D) playing tennis請你找個人來和我打網(wǎng)球。答案是A?！纠?】The pressure _causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A) to compete C) to be competed B) competing D) having competed結合選項看，全句的意思是：“競爭的壓力使美國人精力充沛，但也使他們的精神始終處于緊張狀態(tài)?！?/p>

15、名詞pressure后應加不定式做定語，說明"pressure"的內(nèi)容。6.不定式作狀語不定式作狀語可以表示目的、原因、結果等。They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)  His family was too poor to support him他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結果)  We are glad to hear the news我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)  （三）動詞不定式不帶to的情形1. 在“動詞+ 賓語+不定式”結構中,

16、 如果動詞是表示感覺意義的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意義的 have, make, let等, 其后的不定式結構不帶to.John made her tell him everything.這類結構轉換為被動語態(tài)時, 后面的不帶to 的不定式一般還原為帶to 的不定式.She was made to tell him everything.2. 在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as wel

17、l, cannot but 等搭配之后, 動詞不定式也不帶to.Id rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.They cannot but accept his term.3. 在介詞except, but 之后, 如果其前有動詞do的某種形式, 不定式一般不帶to, 反之帶to.There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.Smith will do anything but work on a farm.Theres no choice but to wait till

18、it stops raining.4. 連詞 rather than, sooner than 置于句首時, 其后的不定式不帶to；出現(xiàn)在句中其他位置時, 其后的不定式有時帶to, 有時不帶to。Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.He decided to write rather than telephone.The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than t

19、o increase wages.5.用作表語的動詞不定式, 如果主語是由“all + 關系分句”，“thing +關系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式結構”等構成，并帶有do的某種形式，這時，作為主語補語的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.All you do now is complete the formThe only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.(四)

20、不定式的其他用法1. tooto 結構通常表示否定意義:She was too young to understand all that.not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式連用時,不定式一般不表示否定意義:Hes only too pleased to help her.2.不定式的邏輯主語如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的, 可以在不定式前加一個for引起的短語:It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.It is a great honour for us to be present at this

21、rally.在以某些形容詞(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表語時, 不定式前可加一個of引起的短語, 來說明不定式指的是誰的情況:Its kind of you to think so much of us.Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal. 二動名詞動名詞，顧名思義，具有雙重作用：它既有動詞的作用（后面可加自己的

22、賓語），又有名詞的作用（可以做句子的主語、賓語等）。（一）形式時態(tài)性 語態(tài)主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1.一般式Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.2. 完成式 如果要表示動名詞代表的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生, 通常用動名的完成形式.He didnt mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.在某些動詞后(或成語中), 常用(或可以用)動名詞的一般形式, 盡

23、管動作是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的.Excuse me for coming late.I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere.3.被動式 當一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動作的對象時, 動名詞一般要用被動形式.His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.He couldnt bear being made fun of like that.但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等動詞后, 盡管表示的是被動的意思, 卻用動名詞的主動形式.The

24、point deserves mentioning.This problem requires studying with great care.在worth這個形容詞后情形也是這樣.Her method is worth trying.4. 完成被動式 如果表示的動作在謂語表示的動作之前發(fā)生, 有時需要用動名詞的完成被動式.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.但在多數(shù)情況下都避免使用這一形式, 而用一般被動形式代替, 以免句子顯得累贅.5.動名詞的否定形式 動名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞【例】S

25、he apologized for _ the party.A. not her being able to attend    B. her not being able to attendC. her being able not to attend    D. her being not able to attendnot + doing的動名詞否定形式，her為該動名詞的邏輯主語。因此，正確答案選B。（二）句法功能1.作主語:Working in these conditions is not a plea

26、sure but a suffer. 動名詞作主語，有時先用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習慣句型中常用。如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 灑掉的牛奶哭也沒用。It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上這種擁擠的車真難。It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。There is no joking about such matters. 對這種事情不是開玩笑。2.作賓語（1）及物動詞的賓語 You mustnt delay

27、sending the tractors over.（2）介詞的賓語凡是動詞+介詞、名詞+介詞或形容詞+介詞形成的詞組，都要求接動名詞做賓語，因為所有介詞后的動詞都要使用動名詞形式?！纠縃e gives people the impression _ all his life abroad.A) of having spend B) to have spent C) of being spent D) to spent全句的意思是“他給人的印象是他的一生都在國外度過”。這是名詞介詞動名詞（短語）的形式。答案是A。 3.作表語:The real problem is getting to kn

28、ow the needs of the people.（三）動名詞的復合結構（重要考點）前面帶有代詞或名詞的動名詞結構: 一個動名詞前面可以加一個物主代詞(或名詞的所有格結構), 來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Do you mind my reading your paper?They insisted on my staying there for supper.如果不是在句子開頭, 這個結構常?？梢杂妹~的普通格(或人稱代詞賓格), 這比用所有格更自然一些.I dont mind him

29、 going.She hates people losing their temper.【例1】_ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A) The girl was educated B) The girl educatedC) The girl's being educated D) The girl to be educated全句意思是：讓孩子在簡樸的生活環(huán)境中接受教育中她父母所希望的。答案是C?！纠?】Although punctual himself, the professor

30、 was quite used _ late for his lecture.A) to have students B) for students' being C) for students to be D) to student's being句意：盡管教授很準時，但他對學生遲到已經(jīng)習慣了。答案是D。當這一結構不處于句首時，邏輯主語用名詞的普通格式或代詞賓語更自然些。（四）只能接動名詞的動詞、詞組、習慣搭配、句型1.后接動名詞的動詞有些動詞只能接動名詞做賓語，而不能接不定式。這是考試中常見的考點。請大家務必多練多用多讀多說，盡量培養(yǎng)語感，這比單純死記硬背這些枯燥的詞匯要容

31、易得多。這些動詞是：acknowledge, advice, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, allow, bear, can't help, cease, commence, complete, confess, delay, deny, discourage, detest, dread, endure, enjoy, envy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, figure, finish, imagine, involve, justify, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpo

32、ne, practice, quit, recall, repent, require, resent, resume, risk, save等等?！纠?】Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A) having been fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined動詞escape后接動名詞，不能接不定式，所以先排除了B和C。fine“罰款”是及物動詞、要用被動語態(tài)；而且，句子講的是經(jīng)常性動作，應當用一般時態(tài)，因此，答案

33、是D?！纠?】People appreciate- with him because he has a good sense of humor.A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having worked全句的意思是：因為他很有幽默感，所以大家喜歡和他一起工作。根據(jù)句意，動名詞動作與句子謂語動作并無時間上的先后，必須用動名詞一般時態(tài)。答案是C。2.后接動名詞的詞組（1）動名詞作介詞賓語常用在某些含有介詞的詞組后面, 常見的有: insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, suspectof, accu

34、seof, chargewith, hear of, approve of, preventfrom, keepfrom, stopfrom, refrain from, be engaged in, depend on, thankfor, feel like, excusefor, aim at, set about等.（2）特別注意：某些充當介詞的to的動詞詞組、名詞詞組、形容詞詞組等后接動名詞approach to（方法），admit to（承認）， contribute to（起作用），confess to（承認），resort to（求助于），reconcile to（順從于），r

35、evert to（重新開始），submit to（忍受），swear to（斷言），take to （開始從事），be used to（習慣于），look forward to（盼望），oppose to （反對），see to(負責，注意)，devoteto(把···獻給，投入于)等中的to都是介詞而不是不定式符號。【例1】The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court.A) objected to having B) were obje

36、cted to have C) objected to have D) were objected to havingobject在這里是不及物動詞，后面的to是介詞，在接名詞或動名詞做賓語。因此，答案是A?！纠?】The traditional approach _with complex problem is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A) to dealing B) in dealing C) dealing D) to deal解決復雜問題的傳統(tǒng)方法是把他們分解為更小的、更容易處理的問題。

37、答案是A。3.習慣搭配be busy doing sth., be no good doing sth., spend some time/money doing sth., have difficulty (in) doing sth., have a hard time (in) doing sth., have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth，cant help, cant stand, give up, feel like, put off都是慣用搭配，其后動名詞不能換成to不定式。【例】Jean did not have time to go

38、to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her examination.A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared結合選項來看，全句的意思是：“瓊做完沒有時間去聽音樂會，因為她忙于準備考試?！?，所以答案是D) being prepared。4. 句型1）滿足句型“it is +名詞或形容詞+動名詞”和句型“動詞+ it +形容詞或名詞+動名詞”的形容詞和名詞有：good, no good, nuisance, no use, senseless,

39、use, useless, waste, worthwhile。例：Do you think it worthwhile investing a large sum of money in this project?（你認為向該項目大量投資值得嗎？）2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名詞+doing sth.  It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is a great fun playing football打籃球很有趣。  3) It

40、 is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth  It is nice seeing you again真高興又遇到了你。  It is good playing chess after supper晚飯后弈棋挺好。  It is expensive running this car開這種小車是浪費。（五）既可用動名詞, 也可用不定式作賓語的動詞1. 有時兩種結構之間意義差別不大, 有時卻有不同的意思。try to do努力、企圖做某事 try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法 mea

41、n to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味著 go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情） propose to do 打算（要做某事） proposing doing建議（做某事）【例】If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would not have got in.A) to close B) closing C) to have closed D) having closed本句的意思是："我要是記得把窗子關起來的話，小偷就進不來了。"remember后

42、接動名詞表示記得過去曾做過某事，接不定式則表示記得要做某事。本句說的是："記得把窗子關起來"。因此A）to close是答案。有些考生誤選了C) to have closed。注意remember后面不能用動詞不定式的完成式。2dislike, dread, hate, like, love, prefer這些詞加動名詞時，表示喜歡或討厭一般性、習慣性或發(fā)生過的某事、某物；加不定式時，表示喜歡或討厭的、偶然一次的、打算做的某事、某物。prefer的用法稍微復雜一點，它后面加不定式還是加動名詞通常是由它的固定結構或習慣用法決定的。常見的結構是：would prefer + t

43、o do（更想做某事）; prefer doing A to doing B（比起做B來說，更喜歡做A。特別注意：這里的比較使用的不是than，而是to）?！纠縈r. Johnson preferred _ heavier work to do.A) to be given B) to be giving C) to have given D) having given 全句意思應是：“約翰遜先生寧可有（被給予）更重的活干”。可見，答案是A) to be given。（六）deserve, need, require, want這幾個詞的共同特點是：它們后面既可加不定式，也可加動名詞，意義相

44、同。但是，表示被動時，動名詞依然使用主動形式，不定式則變成被動形式。其中，這幾個詞后面加動名詞的形式是常考項目之一?！纠縔our hair wants _. You'd better have it done tomorrow.A) cutB) to cut C) cutting D) being cut本題的want等于need，是一種口語習慣用法，后面接動名詞主動形式表被動。因此，本題答案是C) cutting。三. 分詞分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞（present participle & past participle）兩種形式。（一）分詞形式1. 現(xiàn)在分詞形式現(xiàn)在分詞

45、可分為一般式和完成式兩種；在語態(tài)上可分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。時態(tài) 語態(tài)主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1）一般式在時間上表示一個正在進行；或與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或存在的動作和狀態(tài)The boy singing in the hall is one of the top singers from the university.Hearing the news, he jumped.2）完成式分詞的完成式主要用在狀語中, 表示這動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生.Having been there many times, he of

46、fered to be our guide.Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.Having been criticized by the teacher, he decided to study hard. 3）被動式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式（進行的被動）可以用來作定語, 賓語補足語, 狀語及用于獨立結構中.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.Youll find the topic being discussed ever

47、ywhere.Being asked to give a performance, she couldnt very well refuse.These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers. 4）完成被動式現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式一般用來作狀語或用于獨立結構中.Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?The decision having been made, the nex

48、t problem was how to make a good plan.All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.2.過去分詞形式過去分詞只有一種形式，即：done形式。它表示一個被動、或完成、或完成與被動的動作。The fallen leaves means the autumns coming.（完成）The building built last year is our library.（完成、被動）3.分詞的否定形式 not+分詞Not hav

49、ing received his letter, he decided to call him.Not knowing his address, she cannot get in touch with him.（二）句法功能1 分詞結構作定語 分詞作定語時有下面特點：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞一般表示被動含意；現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。 1）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語He rushed into the burning house他沖進了正在燃燒著的房子。 The child standing over there is my brother站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。

50、 The room facing south is our classroom朝南的房間是我們的教室。【例】As early as 1647, Ohio made a decision that free, tax supported schools must be established in every town _ 50 households or more.A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had 答案是A。 2）過去分詞作定語distinguished guest 貴賓, unknown heroes 無名英雄, canned

51、 food罐頭食品, boiled water開水, steamed bread饅頭, stricken area災區(qū)。來自不及物動詞的過去分詞很少能單獨用作前置修飾語,在此情形下僅表示完成意義,不表示被動意義。如：the risen sun, fallen leaves, retired workers, escaped prisoners, the vanished jewels, newly-arrived visitors 用作后置修飾語的過去分詞一般都帶有修飾語或其他成分, 在意義上相當于一個定語從句。 Most of the people invited to the recept

52、ion（=who were invited to the reception） were old friends. 【例】If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _.A) to correct B) correcting C) having corrected D) being corrected結合選項來看，全句的意思是：“如果我去更正別人的看法，我會盡可能用幽默和自我克制的態(tài)度去做，就象是我被別人更正一樣”。這里，要求填入一個表示“正

53、在被人更正”的意思的選項，答案是D)。（注意：分詞短語做后置定語的情況，在閱讀理解的文章中隨處可見，考生要在掌握該語法理論的同時，活學活用、運用自如，快速理解閱讀中的復雜句子。）2. 分詞結構作賓語補足語1）現(xiàn)在分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find, keep, get, have等動詞后作賓語補足語.The words immediately set us all laughing.His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.在see, hear, feel, watch, notice

54、等動詞后, 既可用現(xiàn)在分詞, 也可用不定式構成賓語補足語. 用現(xiàn)在分詞時, 表示動作正在發(fā)生, 用省略to的不定式時表示動作發(fā)生了.Do you hear someone knocking at the door?Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.2）過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有以下幾種情形。第一種情形：see, hear, feel, find, think等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞.I saw the students assembled in the hall.第二種情形：make, get, have, keep等表示”致使”意義的動詞

55、:She got her bad tooth pulled out.Please keep us informed of the latest developments.第三種情形：like, want, wish, order等表示希望, 要求, 命令等意義的動詞:I dont want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.He wont like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting.3.分詞作表語 分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中

56、經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤?。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excite， interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。這類詞常見的有： amazing, amazed, amusing, amused, convincing, confusing, confused, disappointing, disappointed, encouraging, encouraged, exciting, excited, contented, inviting, missing, misunderstanding, inexperienced等。這些詞源自動詞，這些分詞沒有嚴格意義上的被動、靜態(tài)、動態(tài)、已完成或正在進行這樣的含義。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much如果要學生學得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。 4.分詞結構作狀語 1）現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示主動，過去分詞（短語）作狀語表示被動，要注意這兩者的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主