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1、Unit 1 Wise men in history(1)第一課基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、必記單詞golden adj.金的;金色的 agreement n.同意;應(yīng)允doubt v.不能肯定;對(duì)沒(méi)把握truth n.真相;實(shí)情solve v.解決;處理bowl n.碗;盆metal n.金屬prison n.監(jiān)獄;牢獄correct adj.準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤的;正確的Olympics n. pl.奧運(yùn)會(huì)pot n.罐r(nóng)eal adj.真的;正宗的seem v.好像;似乎fill v.裝滿(mǎn);注滿(mǎn)brave adj.勇敢的;無(wú)畏的certain adj.確定的;肯定的hit v. (hit, hit)(用手或器具)

2、擊;打mistake n. 錯(cuò)誤less det.(與不可數(shù)名詞連用)較少的;更少的、??级陶Z(yǔ)in ancient Greece 在古希臘(be) happy with (對(duì)某人或事物) 滿(mǎn)意的 =be pleased/satisfied withfill with用把裝滿(mǎn)be filled with=be full of 充滿(mǎn);裝滿(mǎn) go straight to “直奔,直接去”ask sb for sth向某人要某物 send sb to prison 把某人關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄 make sure 確保;設(shè)法保證 both and和者Bthink about = consider 考慮;思考run

3、over 溢出each other互相;彼此one the other 個(gè).另一個(gè) .tell the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話something else 別的東西pay attention to (to 為介詞)leave sb alone不打擾某人; 不驚動(dòng)某人(leave me alone)not any longer=no longersend sth to sb-=send 把某物寄 /送給某人be made of + 看得見(jiàn)的原材料由制成 cut up切割開(kāi);切碎be made from + 看不見(jiàn)的原材料由制成 takeoff領(lǐng)走;帶走;使離開(kāi)be made by + sb.被某人制

4、成at the beginning of 在的開(kāi)頭三、常用句型:- as one can 盡可能, 相當(dāng)于 asas possiblesb. in/on +the +身體部位,打某人的某個(gè)部位(身體部位較硬或凸起,用on;部位較軟或下凹, 用in)of the+adj最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 最的之一to do sth.試圖做某事,盡力做某事is believed that6. be (not) allowed to do sth (不)被允許做某事to do sth 讓/使做某事to do sth 開(kāi)始做某事四、辨析1.辨析:win 與 beatWin(won,w on)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)表示比賽、獎(jiǎng)

5、品、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、榮譽(yù)等 名詞He won the argument./、及物動(dòng)詞“獲勝”Who wonhe won.Beat(bea t,beaten)及物動(dòng)詞意為“擊敗”賓語(yǔ)為比賽或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)象China beat the United States by two to one./、及物動(dòng)詞意為“(風(fēng)雨)等拍打;(心臟)跳動(dòng)”I felt my heart beating faster.2.辨析:else 與 otherelse副詞用于不定代詞( anything,something,nothing 等)、疑問(wèn)詞(what, who,where)后other形容詞或代詞做形容詞時(shí),放在名詞前作定語(yǔ);作

6、代詞時(shí),常與定冠詞the連用,構(gòu)成onethe other,表?。▋烧咧校┮粋€(gè)另外一個(gè)Eg:who else will go with us Where are the other students I have two pens,one is red,and the other is blue.3.辨析:discover 與 invent這兩個(gè)詞都用作及物動(dòng)詞,都指人們首先見(jiàn)到新鮮事物,但含義不同discover發(fā)現(xiàn)指發(fā)現(xiàn)或偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)原本存在的,但一直未被認(rèn)識(shí)或不為人知的東西invent發(fā)明指創(chuàng)造發(fā)明出新的、原來(lái)井/、存在的東西Recently they discovered gold.最近他

7、們發(fā)現(xiàn)了 黃金。Edison invented the electric light bulb.愛(ài)迪生發(fā)明了 電燈泡。4.辨析:at first 與 first of allat first起初;當(dāng)初相當(dāng)于 at the beginning,與后來(lái)發(fā)生的事相對(duì)照,其反義詞組為at last (最后,終于)first of all首先,第一相當(dāng)于first,表示順序,是時(shí)間上或一系列行動(dòng)的開(kāi)始,后面往往接next, then 等At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind.起初我不想去,可是不久我改變了主意。First o

8、f all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance.首先,打開(kāi)窗子,然后關(guān)掉煤氣,如果需要,叫一輛救護(hù)車(chē)5 .辨析:however 與 but二者都有“然而,但是”的意思,其區(qū)別如下:however然而; 不過(guò)比較止式, 如在句中,可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾;其前面或后面要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi), 其前后都要加逗號(hào)。but但是轉(zhuǎn)折的思味比however要強(qiáng),從語(yǔ)序上看,but總是置于引出的分句之首。It's raining hard,however,they're still wo

9、rking in the field.雨下得很大,然而他們?nèi)匀辉诘乩锔苫?。I'd like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now.我很想和你一起去游泳,但是我現(xiàn)在必須整理花園。6 .辨析:real 與 truereal強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀存在,并非想象的或虛構(gòu)的,即某 物外表與實(shí)質(zhì)之間后一致性Christmas Father isn't a real person.圣誕老人不是真實(shí)的人物。true強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)與實(shí)際情況相符,并非杜撰、捏造 的,符合f標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、f模式Is it true that he is dead 他

10、夕匕 了 ,是真的嗎7.辨析:be made of 與 be made frombe made of看得出原材料The table is made of wood.這張桌十是由木頭做成的be made from看不出原材料The wine is made from grain.這酒是用糧食釀造的。【中考鏈接】Books are made paper while paper is mainly made wood.A. of;of B. from;from C. of;fromD. from;of8.辨析:notany longer/no longer 與 not any more/no mor

11、enotany longer/no longer:多指時(shí)間上不再延續(xù),與之搭配的詞多為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞notany more/no more 側(cè)重程度或在數(shù)量上不再增加I don't want to stay here any more.The poor boy wont come any more./the poor boy will no more come.9.辨析:see sb doing sth 與 see sb do sthsee sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事I saw her cross the road.穿過(guò)了 馬路)see sb do sth看到某人做了某事,

12、指看到動(dòng)作發(fā) 生的全過(guò)程或看到動(dòng)作經(jīng)常發(fā)生I saw her crossing the road(E 在過(guò)馬路)與止匕相同的詞 (組):watch,hear,notice,observe,look at,listen to10.辨析:the next day 與 next daythe next day第二天,常與一般過(guò)去式連用The next day,all the books were sold out.next day明天,常與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用Next day,I will go shopping with him.11. 辨析:dress, wear,put on,have on 與 i

13、ndress給(某人)穿衣服表動(dòng)作后接 sb./oneself 作賓語(yǔ) she dressed himself quickly.wear表狀態(tài)后接衣服、首飾、鞋帽等名詞 we wear uniforms at school.put on穿上表動(dòng)作后接衣服,鞋帽等名詞 please put on your hat.have on表狀態(tài)接衣服類(lèi)名詞,賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),放中間,不用進(jìn)行時(shí)I have ona pair of jeans today.in表狀態(tài)后接表顏色或衣服的名詞he s always in green shoes.助記:穿戴動(dòng)作put on ,狀態(tài)wear已穿上;dress接人作賓語(yǔ),

14、in后顏色或衣裳12.辨析:used to do sth,be used to do sth,與 be used to doing sthUsed to do sth.過(guò)去常常做某事I used to be afraid of the dark.Be used to do sth被用來(lái)做某事The room is used to have a meetingbe /get used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事You will soon be/get used to living in the city.13.辨析:through over acrossThrough穿過(guò);通過(guò)指從空間

15、內(nèi)部穿過(guò)The train passed through a tunnel.over越過(guò)物體上方跨過(guò),無(wú)接觸面He jumped over the wall.across穿過(guò);橫過(guò)物體表面的一邊到另一邊We went across the road.14.辨析:find find out look forfind強(qiáng)調(diào)“是否找到”這一結(jié)果Have you found your bjikeFind out(找出,查明)經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力找到事情的真相l(xiāng)et's find out when the plane will take offLook for后接尋找的對(duì)象,強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找這一過(guò)程The gir

16、l is looking for her book.解析:1. At first, he was very happy with it.be happy with sb./sth意為“對(duì)某人或事物滿(mǎn)意的”,=be pleased/satisfied with sb./sthHis teacher is happy with him.他的老師對(duì)他很滿(mǎn)意。She is happy with what I've done.她對(duì)我做的很滿(mǎn)意。2. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown.(1) begi

17、n to do sth.意為“開(kāi)始做某事”,同義詞組為begin doing sth.。When can I begin to work 我什么時(shí)候能開(kāi)始工作呢When I got there,the singer had already begun singing.當(dāng)我到那兒時(shí),歌手已經(jīng)開(kāi)始唱歌了。(2) doubt此處用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“不能肯定,對(duì)無(wú)把握”。He doubts the truth of the news. 他懷疑那件新聞的真實(shí)性。I don't doubt that she'll come. 她一定來(lái),我不懷疑?!?拓展 】 doubt 用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意

18、為“懷疑”,其后常接of,about。She doubts about everything. 她對(duì)一切都懷疑。He doubts of his success.他懷疑他能否成功。 doubt 后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),名詞從句用if/whether 引導(dǎo),名詞從句也可用that 引導(dǎo)。I doubt if/whether she will keep her word. 我懷疑她是否會(huì)遵守諾言。I don't doubt that we will win. 我們會(huì)獲勝是沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)的做名詞,意為“懷疑”,固定短語(yǔ):be in doubt “不肯定,不確定”No doubt 無(wú)疑,很可能”withou

19、t/beyond doubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),的確3. “ Is it made completely of gold” he wondered.wonder 想知道,相當(dāng)于want to know后接疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,從何使用陳述語(yǔ)序。I wonder who she is.后接 if/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,表示委婉的請(qǐng)求或疑問(wèn)。I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.后接“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) I am just wondering how to do it.拓展 : wonder 做動(dòng)詞,還可意為“感到驚異”,可與 at/about

20、 連用I don t wonder at hiswords.Wonder 作為可數(shù)名詞,意為“奇跡;奇觀”4. “ This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do” thought Archimedes.( 1 ) seem 用作連系動(dòng)詞,意為“似乎,好像”,后常接形容詞作表語(yǔ),可以和seem to be 和It seems/seemed that 相互轉(zhuǎn)換。He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angr/fc 好像非常生氣。用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,可接to do sth He seems t

21、o sing. 他似乎在唱歌。(2) solve vt solution n the solution(s) to,意為的解決辦法5. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water.f川 with意為“用把裝滿(mǎn)”,具被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為be filled with ,相當(dāng)于be full of6. weigh "稱(chēng)重量;重”其名詞形式為 weightPlease weigh the bananas for me. / she weighs 60 kilos./i st ab

22、out 76kilos in weight.Some gold of the same weightthe sameas 與相同的()I bought the same car as yours./ this bowl isthe same as that one.7. - so I'm certain that it's not completely made of gold.certain 用作形容詞,意為“確定的,肯定的”。常用結(jié)構(gòu):be certain+從旬 一定I'm not certain where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪兒。 be cer

23、tain to do sth. 肯定要做某事He is certain to finish the task on time. 他肯定會(huì)按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。 be certain of/about sth. 對(duì)確信,有把握We're certain of success. 我們有把握成功。 be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事He is certain of winning the match. 他確信能贏這場(chǎng)比賽。8. send sb to prison/take sb to prison ”把關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄"in prison 坐牢,月艮開(kāi)IJ9. go a

24、head 開(kāi)始吧其主要用法表示同意或允許,意為“說(shuō)吧,做吧,進(jìn)行吧”繼續(xù)吧 Go ahead,we are all listening.表示請(qǐng)對(duì)方先走或先做某事,意為“你先走一步;你先請(qǐng)”You go ahead and tell him that we re coming soon.10. What's wrong with itWhat's wrong (with sb. /sth) 是用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)“某人發(fā)生了什么事情或某物出了什么毛病 /故障”等最常用的句型之一。其同義句型為: What's the matte/trouble with.What's wron

25、g with you 你怎么了(出什么事了)11. That's why I'm angry.That's why.意為“那就是的原因" ,why引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從何,用陳述語(yǔ)序。表語(yǔ)從句是在句中作表語(yǔ)的從何,常位于連系動(dòng)詞be,look等的后面。The alarm clock didn't go off. That's why he was late for school12. be allowed to do sth 被允許做某事allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事allow doing sth 允許做某事He allows s

26、moking here 他允許在這里抽煙 our teacher allowed us to go out for a walk.watch sb. do sth 意為“看某人做了某事或經(jīng)常做某事”13. However,Helen,a brave woman,wanted to watch her son run.,表小看見(jiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的全過(guò)程。其中do為省略to的不定式,作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。I watched her go out of the room just now.剛才我看到她從房間里出來(lái)了注意:Watch sb. doing sth.意為“看某人正在做某事”,表示看見(jiàn)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。其

27、中 doing為現(xiàn) 在分詞,作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。He stopped to watch us working.他停下來(lái)看我們干活。【拓展】和watch用法相同的動(dòng)詞(組)還有 see, hear, make, feel, notice, look at等。Did you hear Jack call you你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)杰克叫你了嗎(動(dòng)作結(jié)束)We often hear the girl sing English songs.我們經(jīng)常挺大了那個(gè)女孩唱英文歌曲。(動(dòng)作經(jīng)常發(fā)生)I heard the song wind blowing when it was raining heavily.下大雨的時(shí)候我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)

28、狂風(fēng)呼嘯。(動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)14. When you have written something, you should check your work to make sure the spelling, grammar and punctuation are all correct.(1) make sure意為“確保,設(shè)法保證”,后可接賓語(yǔ)從句或of短語(yǔ)。同義短語(yǔ):be sure/be certain Make sure that they know nothing about our plan.絕對(duì)不能讓他們知道我們的計(jì)戈U。They scored another goal and m

29、ake sure of victory.他們又進(jìn)了一個(gè)球,這就贏定了。(2) correct此處用作形容詞(=right),意為“正確的”,其副詞為correctly(正確地)。【拓展】correct用作動(dòng)詞,意為“改正;糾正" correct the mistakes改正錯(cuò)誤12. write what kind of mistake it is mistake用作可數(shù)名詞,意為“錯(cuò)誤”,常用短語(yǔ):make a mistake /mistakes犯錯(cuò); by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 You've made several grammatical mistakes in th

30、e composition.I got on the wrong bus by mistake.我搭錯(cuò)了 公共汽車(chē)?!就卣埂縨istake (mistook,mistaken)還可用作動(dòng)詞,意為“弄錯(cuò),搞錯(cuò)”。常用短語(yǔ):mistake for"把誤認(rèn)為”She didn't speak very clearly, so I mistook what she said.她說(shuō)話不是很清楚,所以我誤解了她的意思。He is often mistaken for a famous actor. / we often mistake him for a famous actor.他常常

31、被誤認(rèn)為是個(gè)名演員。13. However, no one could find a scale large enough.enough此處用作副詞,意為“足夠地”,修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),耍放在其后。He runs quickly enough.他跑得足夠快。It's warm enough in the room.屋子里夠暖和了。adv/adj+enough+ (for+名詞/代詞+) to do sth.,意為“足夠一做某事"。可與"so - that+ 肯定句”進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。The box is light enough for the boy to carr

32、y.這個(gè)箱子足夠輕,這個(gè)男孩能搬動(dòng)。“not+adj/adv+enough to so sth”不夠不能做某事,可與" tooto do sth”進(jìn)行同義旬轉(zhuǎn)換 the boy is not old enough to look after himself=the boy is too young to look after himself. A.注思enough作形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),可放在其前,也可放在其后。We have enough money.(=We have money enough.戲們有足夠的錢(qián)。14. be taken off是take。-off的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),takeo

33、ff意為“領(lǐng)走;帶走;使一離開(kāi)”15. go down 的主要用法 (J臺(tái)等) 下沉, 沉沒(méi) their ship went down during an accident.(日,月)落下 the sun has gone down.沿著走 just go straight down that street.16. own vt 擁有 adj.自己的 my own pen owner 物主 the owner of 的主人17. It s believed that 人們相信It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō) it is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It is known that 眾

34、所周知 it is supposed /thought that 人們認(rèn)為第二課 語(yǔ)法:反意疑問(wèn)句及句子的類(lèi)型一、反意疑問(wèn)句:1、含義:反意疑問(wèn)句又叫特殊疑問(wèn)句,它是在陳述句之后附加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的問(wèn)句,對(duì)陳述句 所敘述的事實(shí)提出疑問(wèn)或征求意見(jiàn)。2、構(gòu)成:由兩部分構(gòu)成,前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句,后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)略的疑問(wèn)句。遵循“前 肯后否,前否后肯”的原則。前后兩部分在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等方面必須保持一致。附加疑問(wèn)部 分通常由兩個(gè)詞組成,第一個(gè)詞是 be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、或助動(dòng)詞,若是否定式,通常用上述詞 與not的縮略形式;第二個(gè)詞是指代陳述部分主語(yǔ)的 人稱(chēng)代詞主格。3.答語(yǔ):遵循一個(gè)原則,不管問(wèn)題的提法如

35、何,只要事實(shí)是肯定的,就用“yes肯定回答”;只要事實(shí)是否定的,就用“ No,否定回答"。但在前否后肯的反意疑問(wèn)句中,其答語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)翻譯 不同,Yes要翻譯成“不”,No要翻譯成“是”。You will never forget him,will you Yes,I will. 不,我會(huì)No,No I wont.是的,我不會(huì)4.特殊用法:反意疑問(wèn)句的特殊用法1)陳述部分為I am.時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用aren ' t.例:I am late, aren' t II am a teacher, aren ' t I2) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是 everyone, someo

36、ne, anyone, no one, nobody 等不定代詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)可用he,也可用they.例:No one wants to do it, doesn ' t he / don ' t they3)當(dāng)陳述部分主語(yǔ)是something, everything, anything, nothing等表示物的不定代詞時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)要用 it. 例:Everything will be all right, won ' t itSomething must be done to end the strike mustn t it4) 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有se

37、ldom, hardly, never, few, little, nothing, nobody 等否定詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分宜用肯定式例: She seldom goes to school late, does she5) 當(dāng)陳述部分中有否定前綴或后綴的否定詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分仍用否定式例: Shedislikes her boyfriend, doesn Sthsehiescarelessin writing, isn t she6) 當(dāng)陳述部分是一個(gè)祈使句時(shí),不管是肯定還是否定,附加疑問(wèn)部分一般用will you 。當(dāng)陳述部分以Let'.s.開(kāi)頭,疑問(wèn)部分用shall we但以“Let u

38、s開(kāi)頭的,附加疑問(wèn)部分常用 will you Let s have a cup of Chinese tea, shall we Let us go to the supermarket, will you 在肯定的祈使句后,還可以用wont you.7) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this, that 或 these, those 時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)分別用it 或 they。 This is your book,isn t it8) 當(dāng)陳述部分是帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從結(jié)構(gòu),疑問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句的主謂要一致,但當(dāng)旬中部分是I think . /I suppose/believe .等

39、結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分助動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)則與 that 從句中的主、謂保持一致例: They said that I was right, didn t theyI don t think you have done it, have you9)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)詞部分的主語(yǔ)是itTo work hard is important,isn t it10)陳述部分為there be 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分中仍用thereThere s something wrong,isnt there11)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有used to, 附加疑問(wèn)部分既可用usedn t 或didn t 的相應(yīng)形

40、式例:He usednt smoke, used he He didn t usteo smoke, did he12)當(dāng)陳述部分是had better,疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)用had/hadn' t若陳述部分為would like和would rather附加疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)用wouldn ' t例:You d bettetar ke a bus to go there, hadn t youYou d likseome tea, wouldn t you13)當(dāng)陳述部分是感嘆句,附加疑問(wèn)部分則用否定式,且主語(yǔ)和感嘆句主語(yǔ)要一致例: Whata lovely day, isn t it Wha

41、t a good man, isn t he14)有關(guān)have當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是have/has表示 有”時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分既可用have/has的相應(yīng)形式,也可用do/does 的相應(yīng)形式例:She has two sister, hasnt /doesnt she當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)has/has表示經(jīng)歷、遭受、得到、吃等其他含義時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分只用do/does 的適當(dāng)形式. 例: He often hasbreakfast at seven, doesn ' t he當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括 have to/had to時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分通常用do/ does的不同形式.例:She has t

42、ostay at home to look after her baby, doesn' t she15)當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有 can, may, shall, will would, ought, be, do等助動(dòng)詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分 用相同的助動(dòng)詞.例:Youcan be there by 10 o ' clock, can ' t youYou ought to follow her advice, oughtn ' t/shouldn ' t you16) must的反義疑問(wèn)句:陳述部分有must的疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。A. must表示 應(yīng)該“,其疑問(wèn)部分用 mustn't (不應(yīng)該),如:You must work hard next term, mustn't you下學(xué)期你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí),對(duì)嗎B. must表示必須”,其疑問(wèn)部分用 needn't (不必),如:They must finish the work today, n

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