Unit14語(yǔ)法名詞性從句

1、Related Conception (相關(guān)概念相關(guān)概念)1.名詞名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。The boy is li Ming.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)、

2、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),這個(gè)句這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。子就叫名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 ( The Subject Clause)賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 ( The Object Clause) 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 ( The Appositive Clause)請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子哪部分是從句請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子哪部分是從句, 并判斷屬于并判斷屬于哪種從句哪種從句:1. What I want to do is taking a bath.2. The news tha

3、t they won the game spread the whole school.3. I dont think (that) he is an honest boy.4. The fact is that he stole the car.5. Do you know the fact that he stole the car?6. Do you know the man who is standing over there?7. It is said that they won the game.( (主從主從) )( (同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句) )( (賓從賓從) )( (表從表從

4、) )( (同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句) )( (定從定從) )( (主從主從) )引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞I really feel that he needs more experience.I want to know whether/if she still lives here.What she said is not true.Who broke the window has not been found out.He asked whose handwriting is the best in our class.That is why she left home

5、yesterday.Have you heard the news that Mary will be back soon?8. I will give it to whoever needs it.9. It is unwise to give your child whatever he wants.10. Ive just bought five new books; you can take whichever book you like. She said (that) she is going to learn English. I want to know whether/if

6、she still lives there. I dont know who all these people are. She wants to know which film I like best. Please tell me where she lives. I am not interested in what he is doing. I am certain that he is at home now. I am afraid he wont come on time. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)在句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞, 介詞或某些形容詞介詞或某些形容詞賓語(yǔ)的句賓語(yǔ)的句子

7、叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 I dont know （that） you will come here.注意：注意：thatthat在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語(yǔ)在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常常被省去。但如果從句是或非正式的文體中常常被省去。但如果從句是并列句時(shí)并列句時(shí), ,第二個(gè)及以后的分句前第二個(gè)及以后的分句前thatthat不可省不可省. . We all agreed (that) it would be a mistake not to take his advise. We all think (that) she is working har

8、d and that she will surely go to a good college.我不知道他來(lái)不來(lái)。我不知道他來(lái)不來(lái)。我想知道他來(lái)還是不來(lái)。我想知道他來(lái)還是不來(lái)。你們是在談?wù)撝麃?lái)還是不來(lái)嗎？你們是在談?wù)撝麃?lái)還是不來(lái)嗎？他不在乎天氣是否好。他不在乎天氣是否好。I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.注意：

9、在賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示注意：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,whether,也可以用也可以用if.if.但是，但是，whetherwhether常與常與or notor not連用；作介詞賓語(yǔ)只用連用；作介詞賓語(yǔ)只用whether; whether; 從句是否定句時(shí)從句是否定句時(shí)一般用一般用ifif。用合適的連接詞填空用合適的連接詞填空1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on du

10、ty today?（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）whywhothathowhow soon6. They dont know _ we are going hiking.7. She wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the

11、 next day.8. I was really surprised at _ I saw.9. I dont know _ so many people crowding round him10. Do you know _ shirt it is?if/whetherif/whetherwhatwhywhose賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)這里我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)這里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句是由注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句是由think, believe,

12、 think, believe, imagine, supposeimagine, suppose等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)候，要將從句等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)候，要將從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。賓語(yǔ)從句中用賓語(yǔ)從句中用it作形式賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ) We think it our duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用itit來(lái)作形式賓

13、語(yǔ)，把從句放在賓來(lái)作形式賓語(yǔ)，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。補(bǔ)后面。thatthat不能省不能省. .believe, consider, feel, find, make, think賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序 Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain 2. The teacher told his students the sun_ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. risen 3. Peter knew _. A. wh

14、ether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris 4. Could you tell me _? A. where is the nearest railway station B. where the nearest railway station was C. where the nearest railway station is D. where wa

15、s the nearest railway station 5. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives6. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought7. Can you tell me _? A.

16、 whats the matter with him B. what the matter with him is C. what happened with him D. what with him happened 賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)用賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)用should do的情況的情況: The general ordered that troops (should) set off at once. He suggested that we (should) all buy dictionaries. I insisted that he (should) apologize to me. 句型

17、轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.（改（改為賓語(yǔ)從句）為賓語(yǔ)從句） Please tell me _ _ _ _.2. What does he do? Do you know? （改為賓語(yǔ)從（改為賓語(yǔ)從句）句） Do you know _ he _?3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. （改為賓語(yǔ)從句）（改為賓語(yǔ)從句） He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.whenthetrainarriveswhatdoesif/w

18、hetherwanted4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. （改為賓語(yǔ)從句）（改為賓語(yǔ)從句） I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.5. “Do you want to try something new?” Toms mother asked him. （同義句）（同義句） Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try something new.if/whetherwasif/whetherhewanted6. I think this is a good i

19、dea.（改為否定句）（改為否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.7. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改（改為復(fù)合句）為復(fù)合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.8. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改為（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）簡(jiǎn)單句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.dontthinkiswhichtrousersshewillhowtoget表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句(即放在即

20、放在be動(dòng)詞后面動(dòng)詞后面)叫做表語(yǔ)從句。叫做表語(yǔ)從句。我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤。我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般不省略。注意：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般不省略。問(wèn)題是它是否值得做。問(wèn)題是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表語(yǔ)從句表示注意：表語(yǔ)從句表示“是否是否” 只用只用“whetherwhether” 而不用而不用“ifif”試區(qū)分以下句子試區(qū)分以下句子Is this museum what you vis

21、ited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話：名注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。是屬于哪種從句再完成。( (表從表從) )( (定從定從) )( (定從定從) ) It appears that they are in need of help. It h

22、appened that he had no money on him. It seems that he doesnt like living here. It turned out that two people had been killed in the accident.That house is _ the garden tools are stored.The reason I dont want to go there is _ Ive just got a new job here.That was _ they had made the mistake.Everything

23、 in the room is _ it was ten years ago.The dream Jack has in mind is _ he will become a scientist in the future. wherethathowwhatthat6. What we care about is _ it will be a fine day tomorrow.7. That was _ they didnt pay much attention to the teacher in class.8. My opinion is _ everyone of us takes o

24、ut $5 for Janes birthday present.9. The problem is _ we can be allowed to stay out at such a late hour.10. Her explanation is _ she used to live in the country and she knows it better than us. whetherwhythatwhetherthat問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)能幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)能幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ).這就是她不愿意出國(guó)留學(xué)的原因這就是她不愿意出國(guó)留學(xué)的原因.那就是我要告訴你的那就是我要告訴你的.問(wèn)題是他是否會(huì)同意這個(gè)建議

25、問(wèn)題是他是否會(huì)同意這個(gè)建議.The question is who can help me with my English.That is why she is unwilling to study abroad.That is what I will tell you.The question is whether he will agree with the suggestion.在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。他星期三來(lái)這里是肯定的。他星期三來(lái)這里是肯定的。 he will come here on Wednesday is certain.他星期三是

26、否來(lái)這里還不肯定的。他星期三是否來(lái)這里還不肯定的。 he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.That主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 Whether What he said is not true.Who broke the window has not been found out.How he escaped is still a mystery.Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him. Exercise 1_ she said puzzled him._ she said such a thing

27、 puzzled him._ we should send to take part in the party is to be discussed._ they dont want to drop the plan is clear._ he finished the work in so short time remains a question. 1. _ it is going to snow this evening is not certain.WhatWhy Whom/whoThatHowWhetherExercise 2_ (她離開(kāi)他她離開(kāi)他) cut him to the c

28、ut._ (月球上沒(méi)有生命月球上沒(méi)有生命) is known to all._ (我在會(huì)議上說(shuō)的我在會(huì)議上說(shuō)的) must be kept secret._ (是否這件事是真的是否這件事是真的) remains a question._ (我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)) is to be discussed.That she left him That there is no life on the moon What I said at the meetingWhether it is trueWhen we will have the meeting That he cant atte

29、nd the party is a pity. It is a pity that he cant attend the party. How much money is needed is hard to say. It is hard to say how much money is needed. That the moon moves around the earth is known to all. It is known to all that the moon moves around the earth. it 做形式主語(yǔ)做形式主語(yǔ) It + be + 形容詞形容詞 that從

30、句從句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that . 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明顯很明顯It + be + -ed分詞分詞 that從句從句It is believed that 人們相信人們相信It is known to us/all that . 眾所周知眾所周知It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定已經(jīng)決定用用it形式主語(yǔ)的形式主語(yǔ)的that從句有以下四種從句有以下四種不同的搭配：不同的搭配：It + be + 名詞名詞 that從句從句It is common knowledge

31、that 是常識(shí)是常識(shí)It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實(shí)是事實(shí)是It + 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 that從句從句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起Exercise 3It is a wonder _ you werent injured.It is still unknown _ and _ this took place.It makes no difference to me _ he is ric

32、h or poor.It is not yet decided _ is to take her place as secretary.It is said _ this plaza has 15 cinemas.It doesnt matter _ you are going to do it.thatwhenwherewhetherwhothatwhetherExercise 4你昨天錯(cuò)過(guò)了這部新的電影，真是太遺憾了。你昨天錯(cuò)過(guò)了這部新的電影，真是太遺憾了。他們將要在這里建一個(gè)新的醫(yī)院是真的嗎？他們將要在這里建一個(gè)新的醫(yī)院是真的嗎？據(jù)說(shuō)我們清明節(jié)要放三天假。據(jù)說(shuō)我們清明節(jié)要放三天假。4.

33、他是否掙很多很多錢(qián)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)并不重要。他是否掙很多很多錢(qián)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)并不重要。It is a pity that you missed the new movie yesterday.Is it true that they are going to set up a new hospital here?It is said that well take three days off on Tomb Sweeping Day.It isnt important to me whether he can make a lot of money.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句在句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。

34、在句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在如同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有等含有豐富內(nèi)涵的抽象的詞語(yǔ)后面，豐富內(nèi)涵的抽象的詞語(yǔ)后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，同位語(yǔ)從句。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，同位語(yǔ)從句都用都用that來(lái)作連接詞，而且不能省略來(lái)作連接詞，而且不能省略。也可。也可用用how, when, where等。等。他給了她一個(gè)承諾，他會(huì)在兩個(gè)月后回來(lái)。他給了她一個(gè)承諾，他會(huì)在兩個(gè)月后回來(lái)。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.試區(qū)分以下句子試區(qū)分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1. 1. 如果是定語(yǔ)從句，它的從句肯定是如果是定語(yǔ)從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而同位語(yǔ)從句中的同位語(yǔ)從句中的thatthat只起連接作用。只起連接作用。 2. 2. 定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞起