2020年人教版初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法 (八升九) 暑假專(zhuān)題突破與鞏固 學(xué)案（九）：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞篇

1、人教版初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法暑假專(zhuān)題突破與鞏固 學(xué)案（九）12 / 12基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞篇第一部分：定義 概念清晰化非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一些特殊的動(dòng)詞，它們?cè)诰渲胁荒軉为?dú)作謂語(yǔ)，而有謂語(yǔ)以外的其他語(yǔ)法功能，在句子中不受主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的限制，但仍有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞三種。動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，在特殊情況下有時(shí)to可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時(shí)也具有動(dòng)詞的部分特征，能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分。動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加-ing構(gòu)成，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和

2、過(guò)去分詞兩種。它們?cè)诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。第二部分：知識(shí)歸類(lèi) 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化動(dòng)詞不定式分類(lèi)圖解功能例句主語(yǔ)To speak English well isnt an easy job.賓語(yǔ)They decided to change their mind.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.定語(yǔ)He is always the first to come and the last to leave.表語(yǔ)Our plan is to set up another middle school for th

3、e children.狀語(yǔ)目的Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.結(jié)果He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.特例清單1.不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1)一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一場(chǎng)電影嗎?(2)在find，think后

4、面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)很容易。(3)常見(jiàn)的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：why not do，had better(not) do，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) doI would rather stay at home.我寧愿待在家里。2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西讓他將

5、收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母親鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語(yǔ)。注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(tīng)(hear，listen to)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如：The boss made them work the whole

6、night.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。(2)如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：There is nothing to worry about.沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】( )1.My parents always tell me _ more vegetables and fruit.A.eat B.eating C.eats D.to eat( )2.What would you like _ for your mum on Mothers Day?A dress

7、.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D .buys( )3.Do you climb mountains every day?Yes，_ a little exercise. Im so out of shape.A.getting B.get C.got D.to get( )4.Dont forget _ thanks when other people help you.A.accept B.to acceptC.say D.to say( )5.We dont have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do?T

8、he best way _ money is to sell newspapers.A.raise B.to raise C.raising特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式分類(lèi)圖解結(jié)構(gòu)例句tooto結(jié)構(gòu)She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.not+不定式The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road.疑問(wèn)詞+不定式作主語(yǔ)How to solve the problem is very important.作賓語(yǔ)He didnt know what to say.作表語(yǔ)

9、The question is where to find the water.for+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式It is necessary for us to learn from each other.of+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式It is very kind of you to help me with my English.特例清單1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式。如：To learn English well is useful.It is useful t

10、o learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2.不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。如：The teacher is telling the students what

11、to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生要做什么。He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go)【題組訓(xùn)練】( )6.I always tell my students _ on the road because its really dangerous.A.not to play B.to play notC.not playing D.not play( )7.What senior school do you want to go,Li Hua?Its hard for me _ a decision now.A.d

12、o B.to do C.make D.to make( )8.Its rather hot in the room. Youd better _ the windows or the door.A.close B.not to closeC.dont close D.not close( )9.My parents asked me _ computer games.A.not playing B.not to playC.not play( )10.Its dangerous _ a close look at the tiger in the zoo.A.for us talking B.

13、of us to takeC.of us taking D.for us to take動(dòng)詞-ing形式分類(lèi)圖解功能例句主語(yǔ)Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.賓語(yǔ)I finished doing my homework.表語(yǔ)The nurses job is looking after the patients.定語(yǔ)She is reading in the reading room.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)He kept the machine running for ten hours.狀語(yǔ)They went out of the classroom, talki

14、ng and laughing.特例清單1.英語(yǔ)中一些詞后常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，初中階段這類(lèi)詞有：finish(完成),mind(介意),be worth(值得),be busy(忙于),practice(練習(xí)),have fun(玩得高興),feel like(想要),be used to(習(xí)慣于),consider(考慮),enjoy(喜歡)。2.主語(yǔ)+ be + happy(glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等)+to do sth.如：Im glad to see you again.我很高興再次見(jiàn)到你。Im sorry to hear

15、that.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我感到遺憾。3.幾組動(dòng)詞接不定式及動(dòng)名詞辨析：(1)stop doing/stop to dostop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事(2)forget doing/forget to doforget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事(事情已做)forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒(méi)做)(3)remember doing/remember to doremember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事(事情已做)remember to do sth.記著去做某事(事情沒(méi)做)(4)try doin

16、g/try to dotry doing sth.嘗試著去做某事try to do sth.設(shè)法或努力去做某事(5)go on doing/go on to dogo on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做同一件事情go on to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事(6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth.allow doing sth.允許做某事allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事(7)regret doing/regret to doregret doing sth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做)regret to do

17、sth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾(未做)(8)mean doing/mean to domean doing sth.意味著做某事mean to do sth.打算、想做某事【題組訓(xùn)練】( )11.Its getting cold. Would you mind_ the window?Of course not.A.closing B.to close C.closed( )12.Paul looks forward to _ his pen pal as soon as possible.A.meets B.meet C.meeting D.met( )13.My old neighbor Ch

18、arles enjoys _ photos. He always goes out with his camera.A.take B.to take C.taking D.took( )14._ vegetable juice is a good habit，which helps you eat a balanced diet.A.Drink B.Drank C.Drunk D .Drinking( )15.Grandpa has changed a lot.So he has.He spends more time than he used to _ games with the chil

19、dren.A.play B.playing C.played D.plays動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞分類(lèi)圖解功能例句表語(yǔ)The door remained locked.定語(yǔ)The building built last year is now a department store.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I heard my name called.狀語(yǔ)Heated water changes into steam.特例清單英語(yǔ)中過(guò)去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)(此時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如：She found the

20、 door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài))1.過(guò)去分詞用在get,have,make 的后面。注意“have +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的兩種情況：A)表示“讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做”。如：I have had my bike repaired.我已經(jīng)請(qǐng)人把我的自行車(chē)修好了。B)表示“遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受影響，蒙受損失”。如： I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.上個(gè)月在公汽上我的錢(qián)包被偷了。2.“make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的

21、。如：I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高聲音目的是讓我自己被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。3.過(guò)去分詞用在感官動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等后面。如：When we got to school,we saw the door locked.到學(xué)校時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門(mén)被鎖了。4.過(guò)去分詞用在“with +賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.那個(gè)小偷被帶了進(jìn)來(lái)，他的手被綁在背后。5

22、.過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。不定式作賓補(bǔ):表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽(tīng)到或感覺(jué)到的具體動(dòng)作。如：He didnt notice me waiting.他沒(méi)有注意到我正在等。I heard the song sung in English.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這首歌被用英語(yǔ)唱了。I saw him opening the window.我看見(jiàn)他正在開(kāi)窗戶(hù)。I saw the window opened.我看見(jiàn)窗戶(hù)被開(kāi)了。I saw him open

23、the window.我看見(jiàn)他開(kāi)了窗戶(hù)。I heard her sing the song in English.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她用英語(yǔ)唱了這首歌?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】 ( )16.Do you have any difficulty in _ English?Yes，but I try to make myself_.A.to speak;understoodB.speaking;understandC.to speak;to understandD.speaking;understood( )17.He wants to have his TV_ .A.repairing B.repairedC.to r

24、epair( )18.He often drinks two cups of _ water when he comes back.A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.boils( )19.Why do you speak in _ loud voice?Because I want to make myself _ clearly.A.such;hear B.so;heardC.such;heard D.so;hear( )20.When are you going to have your hair _?This afternoon.A.cut B.to cut C.c

25、utting第三部分：綜合集訓(xùn) 效果數(shù)據(jù)化( )1.David enjoys _ music at weekend,but I prefer _ for a picnic.A.to listen;to go out B.listen to;going toC.listening to;go out D.listening to;to go out( )2.I really dont know_with this kind of problems.You can ask the teacher for help.A.what to do B.how to doC.why to do D.whic

26、h to deal( )3.Do you often plant trees,Wang Lin?Yes,we have _ hundreds of trees.A.plant B.planted C.plants D.planting( )4.We dont have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together?Ok.What about _ a movie?A.to see B.seeingC.to seeing D.sees( )5.The boy is looking forward to _ a good time afte

27、r the exam.A.to have B.has C.having D.have( )6.Mary dances best in our school.I agree.Ill never forget _ her dance for the first time.A.seeing B.to see C.see D.seen( )7.It took my daughter two weeks to read the novels _ by Yang Hongying.A.write B.writesC.wrote D.written( )8.Your spoken English is mu

28、ch better than before.Thank you.Our teacher often asks us _ English as much as possible.A.to speak B.not to speakC.speak D.not speak( )9.Tom often makes his brother _ but yesterday he was made _ by his brother.A.cry;to cry B.to cry;cryC.cry;cry D.to cry;to cry( )10.We can use QQ to chat with each ot

29、her online.Really?Could you please show me _ it?A.when to do B.why to doC.how to do D.what to do( )11.Do you like going shopping on Sundays?No,I would rather _ books at home _ than shopping.A.to read;go B.read;to goC.read;go D.to read;to go( )12.When he saw a ticket on the ground, he stopped _.A.to

30、pick it up B.picking it upC.to pick up it D.pick up it( )13.We have two rooms ,but I cant decided _.A.to live;to choose which oneB.lived;choose which oneC.to live in;which one to chooseD.live in;which one( )14.What should I do,doctor?_ healthy, you should take exercise more and eat meat less.A.Keep B.KeepingC.To keep D.Kept( )15.Dont forget _ the door of the meeting room when you leave.Sure.A.to lock B.lockingC.lock D.locks( )16.Would you mind not _ here? Im doing my homework.A.sing B.singing C.sings D.to sing( )17.No matter how hard it is