解析高考英語閱讀中的長難句

1、解析高考英語閱讀中的長難句一、 判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是主從復(fù)合句( 1 ) We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many students raised money for them.( 2 ) Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona. ( 3 ) The Internet is an exciting tool

2、that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options.二、長難句閱讀法：結(jié)構(gòu)分析法 ：明晰句子結(jié)構(gòu)，把握句子的基本框架。 A.判斷該句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句； B.找出句子的主干成分(主語和謂語)，分清句子附屬成分，理解句子大意。 C.層層分析，層層剝離句子較長，一個從句套著另一個從句，環(huán)環(huán)相扣。不管句子有多長有多復(fù)雜，它只由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主干和修飾成分。主干是整個句子的骨架，主要指主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。而修飾成分在句中只起修飾或補(bǔ)充主干的作用，它既可以是單詞，也可以是短語，更常見的則是從句，

3、尤其是定語從句和狀語從句。我們應(yīng)通過仔細(xì)分析，將每個修飾成分劃出來，找出句子的主干，這樣整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)就清晰了。三、長難句之分門別類篇1.帶有較多成分的簡單句：去枝葉, 留主干。Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures . (2009 江蘇) 2.含有多個從句的復(fù)合句：找

4、從屬連詞,分析從句, 理解句意。Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say that he didnt know that his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.并列和主從復(fù)合句并存的處理方法 先讀

5、懂并列句，再看主從復(fù)合句 If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliam, the Conqueror.3.含有插入語的句子

6、: 忽略插入成分,直奔句子主題.這種句子的特點是在正常的句子中插入一些或長或短的成分或句子，比如同位語（從句）、非限制性定語從句、狀語從句、分詞、插入語等等，打斷讀者的思路，割裂前后之間的語義，造成理解上的困難。我們稱之為“打岔”。有時有逗號或破折號分開，The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their livesat home and particularly in the school environment (環(huán)境)means that their peers are the only people they have t

7、o judge themselves against.(2008遼寧卷C篇)Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.4. 成分省略: 把握大意, 找出上文對應(yīng)信息, 補(bǔ)充省略成分The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generall

8、y wont pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will.5. 倒裝句: 確定主語, 調(diào)整語序,把握大意.Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. 四、長難句之小試牛刀篇1. Mobile phone SIM cards which are put in the collars(項圈) of eleph

9、ants automatically send a text message when they get too close to farms, allowing wildlife workers to drive them off rather than shoot them.2. I was discussing this problem recently with a colleague who had been beating his head against the wall for months trying to get a story about a mysterious “d

10、ark force” in cosmology(宇宙學(xué)) past editors at New Yorker.五、 備考方法：1. 意群閱讀法When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，an unbelted driver would meet the windshieldwith a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.分析：是狀語從句，是主句，是with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作狀語，修飾謂語。這樣，把整個句子劃為3個意群，可以大大

11、提高閱讀速度。 2.剝絲抽繭法先跳讀修飾成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意義；然后再分層理解修飾成分或附加成分。如果待處理的長難句為一個復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句，可這樣處理：先分清主句與從句，然后弄清從句的性質(zhì)，即弄清它是什么從句。是名詞性從句，還是狀語從句，或是定語從句。另外，有一點要提醒同學(xué)們，在處理長難句時，如果既能正確理解句意，又能將其準(zhǔn)確地譯成中文，那是最好了。但是，對于有些長難句，要在較短時間內(nèi)（如在參加考試時）將其譯成中文比較困難，此時只要能正確理解其意思就行了， 3. 良好習(xí)慣多嘗試分析長難句并找出20個長難句進(jìn)行朗讀并背誦。六、長難句理解朗誦：1. Hary also stud

12、ying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.（NMET1999）也攻讀生物學(xué)的哈利說他們要制造盡可能大的噪音來迫使政府官員們認(rèn)識到大家正不得不忍受的東西。簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)as.as possible盡可能地2. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people wat

13、ching couldnt help laughing at the one who couldnt keep pace with the others as they march along.（NMET 98）但當(dāng)約翰和他的戰(zhàn)友們出現(xiàn)時，一些觀看的人們禁不住嘲笑那個在行進(jìn)中不能同步的那個人（約翰）。簡析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，關(guān)鍵詞keep pace with 與步伐一致。3. The measure of a mans real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.（NMET 96）衡量一個人真

14、正品質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看如果他知道他不會被別人發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下他會做些什么事。    簡析：表語從句中還含有虛擬語氣。4. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.（NMET 94）菲力浦帕底特在110層高的建筑物上，人群擁擠的大街上空等候。簡析：含倒裝句型及分詞用法。5. It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be abl

15、e to lock the doorwhich was twenty feet awaybefore the animal reached it.（NMET90）事情發(fā)生是這樣的,爸爸先把我們送上樓，因為他原以為他能夠在那個動物趕到之前（距離20英尺遠(yuǎn)）將門鎖上。簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)It happened that事情發(fā)生是這樣的。6. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I wo

16、uld have to spend the rest of the year with? （NMET2000）我怎么才能讓父親卸完車上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢？我還要和這些女孩一起度過以后的日子。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞make a scene 大吵大鬧，出洋相。7. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are. （NMET2000.24）重要的是你做這件工作的能力，而不是你來自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。簡析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that /

17、who+從句。8. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （NMET2000.21）世貿(mào)組織如果沒有一個占世界五分之一人口的大國加入的話，那么它就不能名副其實。 簡析：關(guān)鍵詞live up to ones name 名副其實。9. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made la

18、rger as they melted and refroze in the snow. （NMET2001）大多數(shù)人相信這些腳印只是普通動物的足跡，這些足跡由于在雪里融化再結(jié)冰而變大了。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞nothing more than only。10. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time . （NMET2001.27）房子裝修花費(fèi)我的閑暇時間不多。簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)little of的用法，例We see very little of our children (we do not see t

19、hem often) now that they are grown up.孩子們已經(jīng)長大了，所以我們現(xiàn)在很少見到他們。11. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it. （NMET2002 .33）據(jù)說在澳大利亞土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去處理。簡析：含比較級句型。12. In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.（NMET2003） 在一定程度上，我認(rèn)為我們都

20、贏了，我贏得了這次比賽，伊德表弟贏得了我的尊重。簡析：承前省略謂語動詞won。13. So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .（NM

21、ET2003）因此當(dāng)伊德來參加我們的比賽時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他不僅將襯衫的底部扎進(jìn)褲里,而且?guī)缀踝⒁獠坏剿亩亲?我感到很驚奇,以致無話可說,我的表弟過去一定努力把自己訓(xùn)練好,保持很好的競技狀態(tài)。14. As a result , at the point in our game when Id have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 and Ed was leading.（NMET2003）就在我們比賽之前，我曾預(yù)料這場比賽對我有利，比分大概是9比1，結(jié)果比

22、分反而是7比9，伊德暫時領(lǐng)先。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞figure on預(yù)計，估計；in ones favor對某人有利。15. After all, Eds idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.（NMET2003）要記住的是，伊德搞鍛煉的想法根本沒有進(jìn)餐使用刀叉那么費(fèi)力。簡析：含比較級句型。16. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just

23、as you choose to look at it.八十大壽，畢竟非同一般，不管怎么說你又活了十年，或者說熬了十年，是活還是熬，全在于你怎么看了。    簡析：關(guān)鍵詞endure (stand; bear; put up with)忍受。17. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island

24、885 miles away. 他禁不住尋思起來，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有條船，他用無線電能聯(lián)系上的最近的人遠(yuǎn)在885英里以外的島上。    簡析：含虛擬語氣。18. It covered the whole distance from broken hearted misery to bursting happinesstoo fast.先是令人心碎的痛苦，繼而是極度的喜悅，從一個極端到另一個極端變換得實在太快了。    簡析：比喻形象生動。19. I went around to the front of the house

25、, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little.我繞到房子的前面，坐在臺階上，哭了一陣之后，我感到陣陣心痛，我的父親心里肯定也有一點不好受。 簡析：動作描寫，情真意切。20 Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strengt

26、h left to her to helping the other comrades. 她受過重罰，而且有病，可她卻這樣愉快，這樣充滿了信心，這樣用盡她所剩的力量來幫助其他同志。簡析：含有讓步狀語從句及形容詞短語作狀語。21. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made. 目前的問題是，很多人把其實只要付諸努力就能做到的事情看成是做不到的。簡析：consider后的賓語后置。22. Rising through the roof i

27、s the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160 foot tall Tree of Life.穿過屋頂矗立著太陽之塔，在里面有一棵160英尺高的生命之樹。簡析：含有兩個倒裝句。23. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belta mistake 75% of the US population make every day. （NMET1999. D篇）   

28、; 爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前趕回家，以便他能出去跑步，卻忘記系安全帶這是75%的美國人每天犯的一個錯誤。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞for a run去跑步。24. After all, what lively children wouldnt settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day? （NMET1999. E篇）畢竟，難道這些活潑可愛的孩子們不滿足于半天搞普通教育的文化

29、課，半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞臺訓(xùn)練嗎？簡析：反問句式，語氣強(qiáng)烈。25. Decision thinking is not unlike poker it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. （NMET2000. C 篇）做決策像打撲克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，還包括別人對你的想法是怎么看的以及你對別人的看法是如何考慮的。簡析：含較復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)not unlike=like not onlyb

30、ut also不僅而且26. These words, I have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply cant think of. （NMET2000.D篇）這些詞，是我編造的，只是代表我們不能想到的事物和觀念。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞make up 編造。27. That you wont be for long means it wont be long before youll have to recycle your rubbish. （NMET2000. E篇）你不會等很長時間意味著過不了多久你就會回收

31、你的垃圾。簡析：夾雜主語從句及賓語從句。28. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghais car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.（NMET2001. A篇）主要的市場因素取決于白領(lǐng)工人的人數(shù)增加，這

32、些人付得起這種新型服務(wù)，換句話說，上海的汽車出租行業(yè)發(fā)展如此快，主要因為白領(lǐng)工人人數(shù)的增加。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞rest in 依賴。29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does. （NMET2001. D篇）當(dāng)美國人第一次游覽歐洲時，他們通

33、常發(fā)現(xiàn)德國比法國對他們來說更加“陌生”，因為他們在標(biāo)牌和廣告上看到的德語，比起法語更加不同于英語。   簡析： 含比較級句型結(jié)構(gòu)。30. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while

34、the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. （NMET2001. D篇）我們甚至對某些食物有不同的單詞，特別是肉類，取決于它是長在田野里，還是在家里準(zhǔn)備煮著吃，這就表明一個事實，即薩克森農(nóng)民在農(nóng)田干活，而上層階級的諾曼人在大吃大喝。   簡析：含對比。31. For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled a good fit with the social requirements of“manly behavio

35、r”.（NMET2001. E篇）就大部分而言，男人間的交往在感情上受控制，這與“男子漢氣概” 的社會要求是相符合的。    簡析：關(guān)鍵詞for the most part就大部分而言。32. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. （NMET2002

36、. B篇）戈德是對有機(jī)食品感興趣眾多購買者當(dāng)中的一位，遍及英國的超市依賴更多像他那樣的購買者，因為他們要增加有機(jī)食品生意。    簡析：關(guān)鍵詞count on 依賴。33. He had realized that the words: “one of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIIIs six wives. （NMET2002. D篇）他曾認(rèn)

37、識到那本書里第一幅圖畫下面的那些詞“一、六、八”在某些方面將這個野兔和阿拉甘的凱撒英，即亨利八世的六個妻子當(dāng)中的第一個妻子，聯(lián)系起來。   簡析：夾雜賓語從句及過去分詞短語。34. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and theyre very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. （NMET2002. E篇）我們的（生日）聚會針對兩到十歲的小孩，它們互動感強(qiáng)，富有創(chuàng)新，因為它們能基于一個主題構(gòu)建一

38、種戲劇的氛圍。    簡析：關(guān)鍵詞aim for 針對；in that 在于。35. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began. （NMET2003 .C篇）牛頓被證明是一位很有才華的科學(xué)家，他處于一個魔術(shù)終結(jié)科學(xué)開啟的歷史時期，他也有普通人所特有的弱點。    簡析：夾雜兩個定語從句。36. First pu

39、t forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at

40、 the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇）這個定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。    簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動名詞及兩個定語從句。37. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although jus

41、t about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. （NMET2003.E篇）由于因特網(wǎng)的使用，計算所使用的紙張的數(shù)量是很難的，然而幾乎任何在辦公室工作的人能告訴你，當(dāng)引進(jìn)電子郵件后，打印機(jī)就開始超

42、時工作。也就是說近年來人們對于紙張的日益需求主要是由于因特網(wǎng)越來越多的使用。簡析：夾雜較復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)鍵詞just about幾乎；overtime超時地。38. Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who

43、published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.(NM

44、ET2008全國 ll D篇)簡析：第一個句子中有一個賓語從句，賓語從句中有一過去分詞短語found in cocoa作定語，還有一個非限制性定語從句；第二個句子中有一個定語從句。譯文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳藥物，可是他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在可可粉中包含的可可堿，其療效又比可卡因幾乎高三分之一。在因特網(wǎng)上公布了他們的研究成果的倫敦皇家大學(xué)的研究員們說道：這種發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得·巴恩斯教授說道：“這種發(fā)現(xiàn)可能在治咳史上向前邁了一大步”。實例： 53.According to Professor Barnes，theobromine_.A.cannot be as eff

45、ective as codeineB.can be harmful to peoples healthC.cannot be separated from chocolateD. can be a more effective cure for coughs39. Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earths surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that

46、reaches the lower atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the Earths surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet.(NMET 2008 江蘇卷B篇)簡析：句子中含有兩個定語從句，這是解題的關(guān)鍵。 either .or連結(jié)的是并列結(jié)構(gòu)。譯文：來自太陽的大部分能量都不會到達(dá)地球的表面，這種能量或者被上層大氣中的氣體反射或吸收。在到達(dá)低層大氣的能量中，有30%的能量被云層或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面溫暖。實例： 60.Only a small

47、part of the Suns energy reaches the Earths surface because most of it is_.A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphereB.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphereC.lost in the upper and lower atmosphereD.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes40. The endless choice gives birth to a

48、nxiety in peoples lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.(NME

49、T 2008重慶卷E篇)簡析：句子中夾雜著固定短語，v-ing式作主語，復(fù)雜主語，v-ing式作結(jié)果狀語以及定語從句。譯文：無窮盡的選擇給人們的生活帶來了無盡的煩惱。買像咖啡壺這樣最基本的東西也不是那么簡單了。對許多人而言，面對觸手可及的一系列的日常用品卻感到眼花瞭亂、不知所措，結(jié)果是購物者只好放棄選擇、匆匆而去，或者僅僅買了一件并非真正需要的不合適的商品。實例：73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B.P

50、eople are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.41. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require goo

51、d spatial skills，while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先)，among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt，according to one research.(NMET 2008陜西卷E篇)簡析：第一句中包含一個that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，在其中又有一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，還有一介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(among who

52、m)引導(dǎo)的定語從句。注意more women之后省去了與前半句中相同的take up jobs that require .。譯文：大腦這些差異也解釋了這樣的事實：更多的男性從事空間技能的工作，而更多的女性則從事需要語言技能的工作。這種現(xiàn)象也可以追溯到我們的祖先時代，據(jù)一項研究表明，在他們當(dāng)中，女性做的是照看孩子這樣的需要語言技能的工作，男性做的是像狩獵這樣的需要空間技能的工作。     實例：59.Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?A.Y

53、oung boys may be stronger than young girls.B.More women take up jobs requiring speech skillsC.Women may have stronger feelings than men.D.Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.42. The busier we are，the more important we seem to ourselves and，we imagine，to others.To be unavailable to our friends and family，and to be unable to find time to relaxthis has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷D篇)簡析：句中有“The + 比較級，the + 比較級”的結(jié)構(gòu)，還有復(fù)雜的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。譯文：我們越忙，對我們自己而言，而且我們也以為在其他人看來，我們越重要。我們無空幫助朋友，找不到時間照顧家庭，找不到自己放松的時間，這已經(jīng)成為了成功生活的模式。實