人教版高中英語【選修八】[知識點整理及重點題型梳理]-Unit-5-Meeting-your-ancestors語言點

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上人教版高中英語選修八知識點梳理重點題型（?？贾R點）鞏固練習Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors語言點 學習目標重點詞匯alternative, tentative, interrupt, acute, assume,ample, primitive, analysis,sharpen, somehow, applaud, accelerate, arrest重點短語regardless of, at most, cut up, be/ get fed up with, look ahead, date back to重點句型情態(tài)動詞+ have

2、 doneif only知識講解重點詞匯alternative【原句回放】Can you think of the alternatives we would use today? 你們能想得出來今天我們用什么來替代這些東西嗎？【點撥】alternative n. 替換物 常用搭配：have no alternative but to do sth. 除.外別無選擇；只有，只好 There are some alternatives to our plan. 有幾種方案可以代替我們的計劃。He had no alternative but to go there alone. 他別無選擇，只好

3、一個人去那兒?！就卣埂縜lternative adj. 隨便一個的；二者擇一的，供替代的The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road. 這條路被擋住了，因此我們走了另一條路。tentative【原句回放】Make a tentative guess about what Peking Man may have done and used thousands of years ago. 試著猜猜幾千年前“北京人”可能做的事情和使用的東西?！军c撥】tentative adj. 試探性的，不確定的常用搭配：make a tentativ

4、e suggestion提出試探性的建議 reach a tentative conclusion得出暫時的結(jié)論He still held a tentative relationship with Mary. 他還和瑪麗保持著若即若離的關(guān)系。 Could we make a tentative appointment for Friday? 我們能暫時先約在星期五嗎?【拓展】tentatively adv. 試探地，猶豫不決地interrupt【原句回放】Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 很抱歉打斷你，請問他們怎么

5、能夠生活在這個地方呢？【點撥】interrupt vt. 阻斷，打岔 常用搭配：interrupt the path 阻斷道路 interrupt sbs speech 打斷某人的講話 interrupt traffic 中斷交通 interrupt the view 遮住視線Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 城市交通被暴風雪阻斷了。Dont interrupt me when I am busy. 我忙著時不要打擾我?！就卣埂?interruption n. 中斷，打斷，干擾常用搭配：without interruptio

6、n 不間斷地, 繼續(xù)不斷地The big earthquake caused the interruption of communication, traffic, service and so on.大地震引起了通訊、交通、服務(wù)等等的中斷。Numerous interruptions have prevented me from finishing the work. 大量的干擾阻止了我完成工作。acute【原句回放】You are an acute observer. 你是個敏銳的觀察者?！军c撥】acute adj. 敏銳的；嚴重的；深刻的 He suffers from acute de

7、pression. 他患有嚴重的抑郁癥。The housing shortage is more acute than first thought.住房短缺比最初想的要嚴重。Simons vague manner concealed an acute mind.西蒙含糊的風格隱藏了他敏銳的頭腦?！就卣埂砍Ｓ枚陶Z：acute infection 急性感染 acute observer 敏銳的觀察家acute shortage 嚴重短缺 assume【原句回放】So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, reg

8、ardless of the cold. 因此，我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒，就住在這些洞穴里?！军c撥】assume vt. 假定，設(shè)想；假裝；呈現(xiàn)出；擔任 常用搭配：assume a leading position 擔任領(lǐng)導職務(wù) assume a look of surprise 裝出吃驚的樣子 assume sb (to be) .認為某人是 It is generally assumed that.普遍認為 I assume you always get up at the same time.我想你總是在同一個時間起床。Assuming it rains tomorrow, what

9、shall we do? 假如明天下雨，我們怎么辦呢？He assumes a well-informed manner but in fact he knows very little.他表現(xiàn)出一種見多識廣的樣子，實際上他幾乎什么都不懂?！就卣埂縜ssumption n. 假設(shè)，假想 常用搭配：make an assumption認為，假定 on the assumption that假定His actions were based on a false assumption. 他的行為基于錯誤的設(shè)想。ample【原句回放】After that they would rub an ample

10、 amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft. 然后，他們可能在獸皮上擦上大量的鹽，使皮變得很柔軟?！军c撥】ample adj. 充足的，足夠的，富裕的；寬敞的We have ample money for the journey. 我們有足夠的錢去旅游。Theres ample room for the children on the back seat.后座很寬敞足容得下孩子們。He was reluctant to admit any of the ample evidence.他對這些充分證據(jù)的任何部分都不愿承認其有效?！就卣埂縜mply

11、adv. 足夠地；詳細地；充分地 ampleness n. 廣大；富裕 amplify v. 放大，增強primitive【原句回放】Why, its a primitive necklace. Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? 哎呀，這是一條原始的項鏈吧。早期人類也像我們現(xiàn)在一樣講究外貌嗎？【點撥】primitive adj. 原始的，遠古的，早期的；簡單的，粗糙的Primitive men made tools from sharp stones and animal bones. 原始人用尖石塊

12、和獸骨制造工具。The natives of that region still live in primitive straw huts.那個地區(qū)的居民依然住在古老的茅草屋里。Small seashells were once used as a primitive kind of money.小貝殼曾經(jīng)被用作古老的錢幣?！就卣埂縫rimitively adv. 最初地；自學而成地 primitiveness n. 原始；原始性analysis【原句回放】Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields

13、around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. 是的，確實是這樣的，因為有關(guān)植物的分析已表明，周圍所有的土地曾經(jīng)是一個大淺水湖的一部分?！军c撥】analysis n. 分析 （復(fù)數(shù)：analyses）常用搭配：on/ upon analysis 經(jīng)分析 make an analysis of (=analyse) 分析The analysis of the food showed the presence of poison.分析結(jié)果表明該食物有毒。We made a careful analysis of his character.

14、我們仔細分析了他的性格。They carried out an analysis of this subject.他們對這個題目進行了分析。On further analysis, the handsome young man was a cheat.經(jīng)過進一步分析之后發(fā)現(xiàn)這個英俊的年輕人是個騙子。【拓展】analyse vt. 分析He analysed the food and found it contained poison.他對這種食物進行了化驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)有毒。sharpen【原句回放】 It seems that they used sharpened stone tools to c

15、ut up animals and remove their skin. 看樣子他們是用磨尖的石器來切割野獸并剝皮的?！军c撥】sharpen vt. & vi. （使）鋒利；（使）尖銳；（使）清晰；（使技術(shù)）更高、更有效Your knife needs sharpening. 你的小刀需要磨一磨了。His speech served only to sharpen the differences between the two men. 他的講話結(jié)果只是讓兩人之間的分歧更加嚴重。The course will help students sharpen (up) their writi

16、ng skills.這門課程將有助于提高學生的寫作能力?！就卣?】sharp adj. 銳利的，鋒利的，尖的；敏銳的；突然的；急劇的 adv. 準時地，整；突然地，急劇地The famous writer is still sharp in thought though he has attained the age of ninety-two.這位著名作家雖已九十二歲高齡,但仍然思維敏捷。Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.最近全鎮(zhèn)對園藝的興趣已急劇下降。at

17、 seven oclock sharp七點整turn sharp to the left猛然向左轉(zhuǎn)【拓展2】詞綴en-/ -en詞綴en-/ -en可以放形容詞、名詞等前或后，構(gòu)成動詞。如：ripe 成熟的 ripen 成熟，使熟 sure 確信的 ensure 保證，使安全danger危險 endanger 使遭危險 courage勇氣 encourage 使有勇氣，鼓勵roll 名冊 enroll注冊，記入名冊 somehow【原句回放】Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no alternative m

18、eans of transport. 他騎自行車走了30英里給布萊克博士看，因為沒有可供選擇的其他交通方式?！军c撥】somehow adv. 以.方式；不知怎么地I think shes wrong but somehow Im not completely sure.我認為她錯了，但是不知怎么不很肯定。She somehow got lost where she grew up. 她不知怎么在出生的地方卻迷路了。You must make up for the lost time somehow. 你必須以某種方式把損失的時間補上?！就卣埂縜nyhow adv. 不管怎樣，無論如何，相當于i

19、n spite of that, in any case。It may rain, but anyhow I shall go out. 可能下雨，但無論如何我要出去。applaud【原句回放】She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice. 當族人為他（大胡）的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時候，她（拉拉）覺得非常自豪?！军c撥】applaud vt. & vi. 鼓掌歡迎，稱贊Everyone applauded when the play ended. 戲落幕了，每個人都鼓起掌來。The crowd a

20、pplauded him the performance for five minutes.群眾為他的演出鼓掌五分鐘。The residents in the neighborhood all applauded the councils decision to close the small dye factory. 社區(qū)的居民們都稱贊理事會關(guān)掉小染坊的決定。【拓展】applause n. 鼓掌歡迎，喝彩常用搭配：give sb. applause for sth. 因給某人鼓掌 win applause 贏得喝彩accelerate【原句回放】. Lala accelerated her

21、walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. . 拉拉加快了走向洞穴通道的步伐，一邊害怕可能有野獸躺在那里等著她?！军c撥】accelerate vt. & vi. 加速，促進；催促The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car.司機踩了油門，汽車加速了。Those economic policies have accelerated the decline of manufacturing

22、 industry.那些經(jīng)濟政策加速了制造業(yè)的衰退?！就卣埂縜cceleration n. 加速, 加速度accelerator n. 加速者, 加速器This bus has good acceleration. 這輛公交車有良好的加速能力。arrest【原句回放】She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. 快到目的地的時候，一陣香氣撲鼻，她不往前走了，停了下來?！军c撥】arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引；制止 常用搭配：arrest s

23、b. for因而逮捕某人get arrested遭逮捕arrest ones attention引起注意He was arrested by policemen for theft. 他因偷竊被警察逮捕。The doctor arrested the growth of the disease. 醫(yī)生阻止了病情惡化。Our attention was arrested by the sound of a shot. 槍聲引起了我們的注意。The bright colors of the flowers arrested Susans attention.花的艷麗色彩引起蘇珊的注意。 【拓展】a

24、rrest n. 逮捕，拘留；阻止 常用搭配：under arrest被捕 make an arrest進行拘捕The police made three arrests yesterday. 警察昨天執(zhí)行了三項逮捕行動。 重點短語【Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors詞語精講】regardless of【原句回放】So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. 因此，我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒，就住在這些洞穴里。【點撥】regardless

25、 of不管，不顧Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower. 盡管有危險，他還是爬上了那座塔。He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter.他繼續(xù)說著，也不顧我對這事的感受?！就卣埂恳饬x相同的表示法：in spite of despiteat most【原句回放】Its at most three centimeters long. 這個東西最多三厘米長?！军c撥】at most 至多It will take two hours at most to ge

26、t there. 最多兩個小時就到那兒了。There were at most twenty people in the classroom.教室里最多就20個人?！就卣埂糠戳x詞：at least 至少cut up【原句回放】It seemed that they used sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin. 看樣子他們用磨尖的石器來切割野獸并剝皮。【點撥】cut up 切碎, 受損, 使痛苦 趣味記憶：cut 表示“切”；up 表示“窮盡”，所以cut up表示“切碎”；而有人用小刀

27、剌某人的心，應(yīng)該是“痛苦不堪的”，所以cut sb. up表示“make sb. feel sorrow or suffer all the time”。Cut up the carrots before you put them into the pot. 把胡蘿卜放進鍋里前要切碎。Their house was badly cut up in the bombing.在轟炸中他們的房子嚴重受損。She is very cut up about her fathers death.由于父親的去世，她非常痛苦?！就卣埂亢琧ut的短語cut away 切除

28、, 剪掉 cut down 削減, 壓縮 cut in 插進來說, 插嘴 cut off 切斷，隔絕 cut out 刪掉 剪下,切除fed up with【原句回放】Well, Im fed up with all the attention, and . 哎，我已厭倦了備受關(guān)注，并且.【點撥】be/get fed up with 對厭煩 趣味記憶：feed的過去式和過去分詞是fed，表示“喂養(yǎng)”；up 表示“完全地、徹底地”； with表示“用”，用某物把某人都喂得滿滿的了，都頂了，當然就惡心得都“厭煩”了。此短語是feed sb. up with sth.的被動形式，相當于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示

29、狀態(tài)。Im fed up with this wet weather. 這么潮濕的天氣，我都煩死了。People got fed up with all these traffic jams. 人們對于交通堵塞都煩透了?！就卣埂績蓚€易混短語： be tired of 對.厭煩 be tired from 因為.而勞累look ahead【原句回放】If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! 她今年要是早有預(yù)見，計劃得更好些就好了！【點撥】look ahead 向前看，考慮到將來（ahead表示“在前”

30、，有“future”之感）We must look ahead before we make a decision. 我們做決定前必須考慮到將來。We should look ahead and spare a thought for future generations.我們應(yīng)該著眼于未來，考慮到我們的后代。date back 【原句回放】All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years

31、 ago. 所有物品來自三星堆同一處古跡，可以追溯到3000到5000年前。【點撥】date back to 追溯到Oxford and Cambridge date back to the thirteenth century.牛津和劍橋的歷史要追溯到13世紀。These plant fossils date back to the age of the dinosaurs. 這些植物的化石要追溯到恐龍時代?！就卣埂客x短語：date from 始于A friendship between us dated from twenty years ago.  我們兩

32、個的友誼始于20年前。 重點句型情態(tài)動詞+ have done【原句回放】It must have been very uncomfortable. 那一定很不舒服?！军c撥】情態(tài)動詞have done 表示對過去的推測或表示過去做了不該/需做的事。常見的有:1. can/could have done 肯定句中表示“過去本來能做，結(jié)果卻沒有做”； 否定句、疑問句中表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的猜測。We could have walked to the station; it was too near. 我們本來能走到車站的，太近了。He couldnt have finished the job,

33、for the time is too short.他不可能做完工作了，因為時間太短。2. should/ought to have done 肯定句中表示“過去本應(yīng)該做某事，結(jié)果卻沒有做”； 否定句中則表示“本不該做某事，反而做了”。You should have been here five minutes ago, because the meeting has begun. 你五分鐘前就該在這里，會議已經(jīng)開始了。3. must have done 表示“過去一定做了某事”，只能用于肯定句。It must have rained last night, for the ground is we