采礦工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯手冊(cè)

1、采礦工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯手冊(cè)(GlossaryofSpecialEnglishinMiningEngineering)采礦學(xué)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)專(zhuān)用采礦工程專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)部講義二零零七年九月Content目錄Introduction2飾.：.2Chapter 1 BasicconceptsofCoalMining.：2第一章煤礦開(kāi)采的基本概念.2Chapter 2 CoalMiningmethods:3第二章采煤方法的概念和種類(lèi)3SectionIMineFieldDevelopmentandMiningDesign第一篇井田開(kāi)拓及礦井開(kāi)采設(shè)計(jì)Chapter3BasicConceptsofMineDevelopment

2、:4第三章井田開(kāi)拓的基本概念.4Chapte4MineDevelopments5第四章井田開(kāi)拓方式.4Chapter 5 DevelopmentRoadwaysLayout6第五章井田開(kāi)拓巷道布置.4Chapter 6 evelstation-.7第六章井底車(chē)場(chǎng).4Chapter 7 MineDevelopmentDeepeechndcTlReform1第七章礦井開(kāi)拓延深和技術(shù)改造.4Introduction)minen.礦山，礦井。v.米礦collieryn.礦井coalmining采煤undergroundmining地下開(kāi)采surfacemining露天開(kāi)采reserven.儲(chǔ)量coal

3、-bearingadj.含煤的highproductionandhighefficiency高產(chǎn)高效developmentn.開(kāi)拓preparationn.準(zhǔn)備miningmethod采煤方法subsidev.下沉，沉陷subsidencen.沉降，沉陷miningsubsidencen.開(kāi)采沉陷mechanizev.使機(jī)械化mechanizationn.機(jī)械化Chapter 1 BasicConceptsofMim()coalfieldn.煤田miningarean.礦區(qū)minefieldn.井田dividev.戈U分divisionn.戈U分mineproductioncapacity(M

4、PC礦井生產(chǎn)能力mineservicelife礦井服務(wù)年限productionscaleofmine井型smallmine小型礦井middlemine中型礦井largemine大型礦井hugemine特大型礦井striken.走向dipn.傾向dipangle傾角workableadj.可采的workablereserven.可采儲(chǔ)量openingn.通道，開(kāi)口mineopeningn.礦山井巷passagewayn.通道shaftn.立井roadwayn.巷道chambern.胴室mainshaft主立井a(chǎn)uxiliaryshaft副立井a(chǎn)irshaft風(fēng)井blindshaft暗立井draw

5、nshaft溜井chuten.溜煤眼aditn.平胴driftn.平胴crosscutn.聯(lián)絡(luò)巷；石門(mén)coalcrosscut煤門(mén)entryn.平巷haulagen.運(yùn)輸mainhaulageroadway主要運(yùn)輸平巷mainreturn-airroadway主要回風(fēng)平巷headentry區(qū)段運(yùn)輸平巷tailentry區(qū)段回風(fēng)平巷slopen.斜井risen.上山dipn.下山rockrise巖石上山coalrise煤層上山coalhaulagerise運(yùn)煤上山materialtransportingrise運(yùn)料上山return-airrise回風(fēng)上山men-walkingrise行人上山in

6、clinedroadwayofastrip分帶斜巷inclinedcoalhaulageroadwayofastrip分帶運(yùn)煤斜巷inclinedmaterialhaulageroadwayofastrip分帶運(yùn)料斜巷developmentroadway開(kāi)拓巷道preparationroadway準(zhǔn)備巷道gateway回采巷道pitbottom井底車(chē)場(chǎng)shaftbottom井底車(chē)場(chǎng)stationn.車(chē)場(chǎng)，車(chē)站miningdistrictstation采區(qū)車(chē)場(chǎng)horizonn.階段leveln.水平haulagelevel運(yùn)輸水平return-airlevel回風(fēng)水平mininglevel開(kāi)采水

7、平intervalbetweenlevels階段垂高miningdistrict采區(qū)paneln.盤(pán)區(qū)subleveln.分段stripdistrictn.帶區(qū)inclinedlength斜長(zhǎng)strikelength走向長(zhǎng)度districtsublevel區(qū)段Open-offcutn.切眼coalfacen.采煤面workingface工作面productionn.生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量productionsystem生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)coalhaulagesystem運(yùn)煤系統(tǒng)ventilationn.通風(fēng)ventilationsystem通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)freshair新鮮風(fēng)dirtyair乏風(fēng)，污風(fēng)refusen.肝石

8、materialandrefusetransportationsystem運(yùn)料NE肝系統(tǒng)drainv.排水drainagesystem排水系統(tǒng)powersupplysystem(electricpower,compressedair)動(dòng)力供應(yīng)(電、壓風(fēng))communicationandmonitoringsystem通訊、監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)drivev.掘進(jìn)excavatev.開(kāi)挖,開(kāi)掘hoistv.提升winchn.絞車(chē)Chapter 2 CoalMiningmethod采煤方fe）stope采場(chǎng)miningworks/units回采工作basicoperation基本工序breakv.破碎loadv

9、.裝載haulv.運(yùn)輸auxiliaryoperations輔助工序roofsupport頂板支護(hù)gobtreatment采空區(qū)處理auxiliarytransportation輔助運(yùn)輸ventilation通風(fēng)drainage排水powersupply供電，emulsionsupply供液（乳化液）等。winning/miningtechnique采煤工藝miningsystem采煤系統(tǒng)miningroadwaylayout回采巷道布置classifyv.分類(lèi)drymining旱采wallminingsystem壁式開(kāi)采full-seammining整層singlelongwallminin

10、gmethod單一長(zhǎng)壁采煤法longwallminingonstrike走向長(zhǎng)壁開(kāi)采longwallminingonincline傾向長(zhǎng)壁開(kāi)采sublevelcaving放頂煤shield掩護(hù)支架slicingmethod分層inclinedslicing傾斜分層horizontalslicing水平分層obliqueslicing斜切分層top-slicingsystemofsublevelcaving水平分段放頂煤pillarminingsystem柱式開(kāi)采體系roomandpillarminingmethod房柱式roommethod房式hydraulicmining水采undergro

11、undliquefaction地下液化undergroundgasification地下氣化roofcaving垮落法（自然垮落、強(qiáng)制放頂）packing充填法pillarsupport刀柱式flatseam近水平煤層gentlyinclinedseam緩斜煤層inclinedseam傾斜煤層/中斜煤層steeplyinclinedthickseam急傾斜厚煤層：thinseam薄煤層medium-thickseam中厚煤層thickseam厚煤層steeplyinclinedseamwithanhugethickness急傾斜特厚煤層blastingminingtechnology炮采con

12、ventionallymechanizedminingtechnology普通機(jī)械化采煤工藝fullymechanizedminingtechnology綜合機(jī)械化采煤工藝fullymechanizedminingwithtopcoalcavingtechnology綜采放頂煤工藝continuousminer連續(xù)采煤機(jī)shuttlecarn.梭車(chē)universalextensibleconveyor萬(wàn)向接長(zhǎng)機(jī)boltv.打錨桿；n.錨桿miningmethod采礦方法；miningoperation采礦作業(yè)；groundcontrol頂板管理；recoveryrate回采率；subsiden

13、cecontrol地表沉陷控制cover覆蓋層；overburden上覆地層；immediateroof直接頂；floor底板；hardness硬度；strength強(qiáng)度cleavage解理gas,methane瓦斯dailyoperation日常工作singleoperation單一工序unitoperation單元作業(yè)auxiliaryoperation輔助作業(yè)cuttingn.切割，掏槽；lightingn.照明outcrop露頭，露出地面的巖層developmentstage開(kāi)拓階段productionstage生產(chǎn)階段haulagecapacity運(yùn)輸能力mainentry主巷bar

14、rierpillar隔離煤柱/邊界煤柱buttentry/districtsublevelentry區(qū)段平巷shearer滾筒采煤機(jī)planer,Plow刨煤機(jī)augermining螺旋鉆開(kāi)采rapidexcavation快速掘進(jìn)oceanmining海洋采礦ChaptersConceptsofMineDeve10Plm®tF拓的概念）mineboundary井田邊界terrainn.地形topographyn.地形學(xué)geologicalstructure地質(zhì)構(gòu)造faultn.斷層foldn.褶皺downfoldn.背斜upfoldn.向斜coalquality煤質(zhì)occurrenc

15、e賦存minegeologicalreserve礦井地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量usablereserves(A+B+C+D)可利用儲(chǔ)量temporaryuselessreserves暫不能禾U用儲(chǔ)量mineindustrialreserveZg=(A+B+C)礦井工業(yè)儲(chǔ)量futurereserve(D)遠(yuǎn)景儲(chǔ)量workablereserve可采儲(chǔ)量designedlostreserve設(shè)計(jì)煤炭損失recoveryrate回采率MineProductionCapacity(MPC)礦井生產(chǎn)能力coalfaceoutput采煤工作面產(chǎn)量miningdistrictproductioncapacity采區(qū)生產(chǎn)能力co

16、stpertoncoalproduct噸煤成本mineservicelife礦井使用年限minefielddevelopment井田開(kāi)拓developmentroadway開(kāi)拓巷道developmentway/mode開(kāi)拓方式developmentsystem開(kāi)拓系統(tǒng)portaltype井筒類(lèi)型aditdevelopment平胴開(kāi)拓slopedevelopment斜井開(kāi)拓shaftdevelopment立井開(kāi)拓combineddevelopment綜合開(kāi)拓developmentroadwaylayout開(kāi)拓巷道布置mainroadwayforsingleseam分層大巷gatheringmai

17、nroadway集中大巷gatheringmainroadwayforeachcoalseamgroup分組集中大巷singlelevel單水平multiplelevel多水平preparationtype準(zhǔn)備方式risetype上山式riseanddiptype上下山式combinedrisesanddip上山、上下山混合式industrialarea工業(yè)場(chǎng)地mininglevel開(kāi)采水平pitbottom井底車(chē)場(chǎng)developmentdeepening開(kāi)拓延深replacementofmininglevel水平接替transportationfacility運(yùn)輸設(shè)備electromecha

18、nicalmineoperation礦井機(jī)電作業(yè)capitalinvestment基本建設(shè)投資。minability可采性marketability適銷(xiāo)性，可銷(xiāo)性coalreserve煤礦nominal,名義上的，極小的。operatingmine生產(chǎn)礦井surfacetopography地面地形，表面地形coalfield煤田measure層組coal-bearingmeasure含煤地層tilledarea耕地reservoir水庫(kù)powerline電力線(xiàn)，輸電線(xiàn)reservationn.保留地；自然保護(hù)區(qū)Chapter4MineDevelopmeiayW田開(kāi)拓)portal井筒/入口ex

19、pectedlifeofthemine礦井的設(shè)計(jì)使用年限r(nóng)ailhaulage軌道運(yùn)輸drift/adit平胴shaft立井，豎井slope斜井mainshaft主立井a(chǎn)uxiliaryshaft副立井a(chǎn)irshaft風(fēng)井transferhouse中轉(zhuǎn)煤倉(cāng)/中轉(zhuǎn)貨倉(cāng)headframe井架hoisthouse/winchchamber提升機(jī)房，絞車(chē)房skip箕斗cage罐籠cardump卸煤設(shè)備storagebin井底煤倉(cāng)pressuredrop壓降capitalcost基建費(fèi)用advancingmining前進(jìn)式開(kāi)采retreatingmining后退式開(kāi)采descendingmining下行

20、式downwardsmining下行式upwardmining上行式double-trackedtrainhoistingsystem雙鉤串車(chē)提升系統(tǒng)Single-trackedtrainhoistingsystem單鉤串車(chē)提升系統(tǒng)endlessrop無(wú)極繩提升Overheadmonorail單軌吊Sublevelslopedevelopment片盤(pán)斜井開(kāi)拓Starcase-likeAdit/stagedadit階梯平胴pumpstation泵站sumpn.水倉(cāng)areadevelopment分區(qū)域開(kāi)拓gasn.瓦斯methanen.沼氣，甲烷Chapter4.1Wilingsystemintr

21、oductionChapter4.2Groundcontrol工作面周?chē)貙樱篗ainroof老頂，基本頂Overlyingstrata上覆地層：Immediateroof直接頂Gob采空區(qū)-Facerib(煤壁)Floor底板Underlyingstrata下伏地層Groundcontrol頂板處理方式：(1) Caving;(2) Pack。Stable切口，機(jī)窩deadwork準(zhǔn)備工作，非生產(chǎn)性工作。Mobilebeltconveyor可移式膠帶運(yùn)輸機(jī)Noexception無(wú)一例夕卜regularmaintenancen.日常修理，定期檢修D(zhuǎn)owntime停工期(由于損壞、修理等原因造成

22、的停機(jī)時(shí)間，停工時(shí)間，停機(jī)時(shí)間Clearance空隙Immediateareaoftheface:工作面的直接區(qū)域Ribline煤壁線(xiàn)，腰線(xiàn)heading掘進(jìn)頭，平巷uptodip沿傾斜上行Compressionstrength壓縮強(qiáng)度Underlyingstrata下伏地層bedseparation離層Onstrike沿走向Rad=radian,弧度Cleat解理Holdtrue有效，適用Halfbuttcutting半垂直切割A(yù)ngleofattack沖角virginconditions原始條件；HarderroofstrataSoftercoalseamuniformlydistribu

23、tedstress,theoverburdenweightHarderfloorstratainducedbymining采動(dòng)弓I起的Stressdistribution應(yīng)力分布Deflect偏斜，偏轉(zhuǎn)，撓曲，下垂Cavein冒頂，垮落Frontabutmentpressure前方支承壓力Sideabutmentpressure側(cè)向支承壓力Rearabutmentpressure后方支承壓力前方支承壓力：分布范圍：150mfirstfelt/occur出現(xiàn)，有反應(yīng)，有感應(yīng)；4560mpickupslightly略有增長(zhǎng)，略有加速；1521mincreaserapidly迅速增長(zhǎng)；1.5-5m支

24、承壓力峰值peakabutmentpressuremagnitudeofthepeakabutmentpressure峰值大?。?.5-5overburdernweight后方壓力：verticalpressurefacearea：farbelowthecoverloadgobarea：graduallyincreaseatlast：thecoverload范圍：0.3-0.4theoverburdenthickness.NoabutmentpressureSideabutmentFirstfelt:Atthesametimeasthefrontabutmentpressure范圍:fromt

25、heribto1/3or1/4hlargestattheribside,decreaseexponentiallywithdistancefromribpositionofpeakpressure:0.015hMagnitudedependonthethicknessandlengthoftheimmediateroofhanginginthegob.Gobarea采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定-slip,sag,separate-caveinFacearea工作面區(qū)SupporttheimmediateroofSolidcoal實(shí)體煤Chapter4.3RoofsupportsystemFace-to-gobd

26、istance控頂距，工作面到采空區(qū)的距離。Yieldpressure屈服壓力supportresistance支架阻力Face-to-tipdistance端面品巨Precut預(yù)切割Frames節(jié)式支架Stroke行程Chocksupport垛式支架Double-actingram雙作用千斤頂Webcut截深Shields掩護(hù)式支架Doublelink雙鍵Lemniscate雙紐線(xiàn)，四聯(lián)桿Roofcanopy頂梁Chock-Shield支撐掩護(hù)式支架leg,prop立柱canopy頂梁forwardcanopy前梁rearcanopy尾梁cavingshield掩護(hù)梁flipper,spau

27、lingshield護(hù)幫板slider,jackboard插板ram,cylinder,jack千斤頂hose油管emulsion乳化液valve閥supportyielding支架卸載Chapter 4.4 Longwallcoal-gettingmachineminer,miningmachine采煤機(jī)shearer滾筒采煤機(jī)continuousminer連續(xù)采煤機(jī)motor電動(dòng)機(jī)、馬達(dá)electricmotor電機(jī)haulagegearcase牽弓陪Bgearhead傳動(dòng)部cutterdrumgearcase滾筒截害U部bedplate底盤(pán)、底座controlunit控制裝置chain鏈

28、條reducinggearbox減速箱pillboard擋煤板cowl擋煤板bit截齒drum滾筒ranging-arm搖臂gear齒輪track軌道geartrack齒軌gearcasen.齒輪箱Rotor轉(zhuǎn)子Chapter 4.5 Conveyingsystemflexibleflightconveyor/facechainconveyor工作面可彎曲刮板輸送機(jī)maincomponents主要部件drivehead機(jī)頭部electricmotor電動(dòng)機(jī)Hydrauliccoupling液力聯(lián)軸器speedreducer減速器chainwheel/sprocket鏈輪driveheadfra

29、me機(jī)頭架middlesections中間部linepan溜槽flight/scraper刮板linkchain舌U板鏈endlesschain無(wú)極鏈機(jī)尾部tailend機(jī)尾架Driveendframe鏈輪sprocket附屬裝置auxiliarydrives/units擋煤板spillboard/spillplate（cowl罩，夕卜殼）鏟煤板rampplate千斤頂jackchaindrive鏈?zhǔn)絺鲃?dòng)：classificationaccordingtochainarrangement雙邊鏈doublestrandoutboardchain三鏈triplestrandchain單中鏈sing

30、lemiddlechain雙中鏈doublemiddlechain新型刮板輸送機(jī)側(cè)卸式side-loadingfightconveyor垂直轉(zhuǎn)彎式roller-curvefightconveyor轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)TransferconveyorAshortheavyflexibleflightconveyor橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)（bridge）stageloader區(qū)段皮帶輸送機(jī)Maincomponents皮帶belt托輻roller支撐托輻supportingroller機(jī)架frame傳動(dòng)裝置driveunit電動(dòng)機(jī)electricmotor聯(lián)軸器coupling減速器speedreducer滾筒drum卸載滾

31、筒unloadeddrum機(jī)尾導(dǎo)向滾筒tailguidedrum拉緊滾筒take-updrum機(jī)尾導(dǎo)向滾筒guidedrum拉緊裝置take-upunits制動(dòng)裝置Brakingdevices采區(qū)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)：上山rise下山dipDipangle<15°beltconveyor15°<Dipanglew25°chainconveyorDipangle>25ceramicconveyor水平運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)水平運(yùn)輸大巷horizontalhaulageentrybeltconveyor礦車(chē)trolleywagons機(jī)車(chē)locomotive電力機(jī)車(chē)trolle

32、ylocomotive蓄電池機(jī)車(chē)batterylocomotive礦車(chē)wagon固定箱式礦車(chē)FixedboxwagonTippingbucketwagonFrontunloadingwagon底卸式礦車(chē)Bottom-dumpwagon立井提升系統(tǒng)礦井提升系統(tǒng)Minehoistsystem提升機(jī)Enginehoist鋼絲繩wirerope天輪headsheave（n.滑輪）箕斗skip輔助運(yùn)輸auxiliarytransportationTransportationofmaterial,equipment,wasteandpersonnel材料、設(shè)備、肝石、人員副井AuxiliaryshaftS

33、imilartomainshaft罐籠Cagehoistcontainer斜井SlopeIntheslope,materialandequipmentareusuallytransportedbydirectropehoistandendlessropehoist.Whilethewasteistransportedbyskipandtrainaccordingtothedipangle.Thepersonnelaretransportedbyaspecialman-carintheslope.水平運(yùn)輸大巷horizontalhaulageentryElectriclocomotivehaul

34、thewagonstotransportmaterial,equipment,waste.Electriclocomotivehaulthespecialman-carstotransportminers.采區(qū)上下山districtriseanddip1）有極繩提升Directropehoistdipangle:8-22鋼絲繩的一端與礦車(chē)相連，通過(guò)絞車(chē)（winch）放出和收回。2）無(wú)極繩提升Endlessropehoistdipangle:<10區(qū)段運(yùn)輸Tailentry：wagons+wireropeOverheadmonorail單軌吊Overheadendlessropehoist

35、Transferconveyor轉(zhuǎn)載運(yùn)輸機(jī)Stageloader橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)Rollercurveconveyor滾軸轉(zhuǎn)彎運(yùn)輸機(jī)Chapter4.6Vhtilationsystem風(fēng)機(jī)：Ventilationfan回風(fēng)井：Returnshaft進(jìn)風(fēng)井：IntakeshaftWorkingfaceIntakeworking回風(fēng)巷道：Returnroadway新鮮風(fēng)：FreshairAirflow乏風(fēng)：Dirtyair回風(fēng)系統(tǒng)：抽出式通風(fēng)：Exhaustventilation負(fù)壓negativepressure壓入式通風(fēng)：Forcedventilation正壓Positivepressure風(fēng)機(jī)類(lèi)型

36、：離心式風(fēng)機(jī)：Centrifugalfan；軸流式風(fēng)機(jī)：Axialflowfan。通風(fēng)設(shè)施：Ventilatingstructures風(fēng)墻：Ventilationwall風(fēng)門(mén)：Airdoor風(fēng)橋：AirbridgeAirregulator防塵、滅塵：Dustsuppressionwaterspray灑水，mistspray噴霧固定滾筒雙向截割采煤機(jī)fixed-drumbi-directionalshearer單滾筒可調(diào)高采煤機(jī)single-drumranging-armshearer雙滾筒可調(diào)高采煤機(jī)double-dramranging-armshearer礦井瓦斯：minegas瓦斯：gas

37、,methane,firedampAllhazardousgasesinundergroundcoalmines,itsmajorcomponentisCH4.Colorless,odorless,nonpoisonous,Combustible.Itsdensityislessthanthatoftheair,soitoftenaccumulatesneartheroof.Gas/methanecontrol瓦斯控制Gassymine高瓦斯礦井Chapter5DevelopmentRoadwaysLayOUt（i布置）Chapter 5 PillarsystemTwodistinctphas

38、esofoperation:Firstroomsandpillarsaredevelopedinasection.Thesecondisminingpillars.Twobasicminingmethods:Conventionalminingmethod.普通采煤方法Cutting掏槽atthebottomofthecoalseamahorizontalslotis6-9inch,5-7feetdeepDrilling鉆眼theoptimumnumberandlocationofboreholescoalfragmentsafterblastingneithertoobignortoosma

39、llforefficientloading.Blasting爆破explosivesareloadedintoeachboreholeanddetonatedn起爆Loading裝煤shuttlecarsectionbeltconveyor.Twoshuttlecarsareused.roofbolting頂板錨桿支護(hù)為了充分發(fā)揮設(shè)備和人員的能力，至少同時(shí)掘進(jìn)5個(gè)平行的巷道。由于生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)多、分散，逐漸被連續(xù)采煤方法取代。Continuousminingmethod.連續(xù)采煤方法Icontinuousminer+shuttlecar連續(xù)采煤機(jī)+梭車(chē)工藝+sectionbeltconveyor+r

40、oofbolting間斷運(yùn)輸工藝IIcontinuousminer+(intermediate)conveyors連續(xù)采煤機(jī)+輸送機(jī)工藝+sectionbeltconveyor+roofbolting連續(xù)的運(yùn)輸工藝Pillarrecovery回收煤柱Therearethreemethodsofextractingpillars,open-endmethod,pocketandwingmethodandsplittingmethod.open-endmethod開(kāi)端式pocketandwingmethod袋翼式splitting劈柱式pillarblockslifts/slices煤柱一一塊一一

41、切塊Coalproperty煤礦Area盤(pán)區(qū)Setofentries巷道群Engineervt.設(shè)計(jì)Slough脫落，剝落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍Crush壓碎Afunctionof是的函數(shù)，隨而變。Relativestrength相對(duì)強(qiáng)度Clearance凈空BlockofcoalRoomworkCuttingconsequence切害U順序Faceminingcycle工作面開(kāi)采循環(huán)Miningpractice開(kāi)采ColloquialkE5lEukwiEladj.口語(yǔ)的,通俗的Dictate規(guī)定，制定Outline形成輪廓IncorporateasAmple充足的，豐富的solidwork

42、chainpillar巷道煤柱lessen減少，減輕lift小煤塊、slice切塊physicalconditionn.實(shí)際條件post柱子，支柱stump煤柱slab平板fender煤柱，窄煤柱handloading人工裝載commonpractice慣例concurrentlyn.同時(shí)發(fā)生地，并行地inplace就地，原地；在地層內(nèi)rideover騎馬來(lái)，跨在上masonryn.磚石工程，磚石建筑砌筑。Masonrystopping砌筑風(fēng)墻Canvasstopping帆布風(fēng)簾LineBrattice縱向風(fēng)障Loadingstation裝車(chē)點(diǎn)Chapter 6 LevelstatiOriff

43、場(chǎng))Chapter6Roadwayexcavationandsupport1 Roadwaysection巷道斷面掘進(jìn)drive,tunnel,excavate平巷掘進(jìn)Drifting巷道掘進(jìn)roadwayexcavation平巷掘進(jìn)n.drifting沉井，鑿井n.sinking上山掘進(jìn)n.raising下山掘進(jìn)n.1) Theshapeofroadwaysection斷面形狀巷道斷面形狀主要取決于地層條件、服務(wù)年限和支護(hù)材料。Theshapeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonstrataconditions,theservinglifeandsupporting

44、materials.井筒Shaft,circular大巷Mainentry,arched,horseshoe上山rise,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal順槽Gateway,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal2) Thesizeofroadwaysection斷面尺寸巷道斷面尺寸主要取決于巷道的用途。Thesizeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonitsuse.它取決于運(yùn)輸或提升設(shè)備或其它設(shè)備的尺寸，還要根據(jù)通風(fēng)要求對(duì)巷道斷面尺寸加以修改。Itisdependentonhaulageorhoistingequipmentorothe

45、rdevicesused,anditismodifiedaccordingtotheventilationrequirement.凈寬，netwidth；凈高netheight;凈斷面面積netsectionarea。3) Roadwayexcavationinrocks巖巷掘進(jìn)炮掘，爆破掘進(jìn)：blastingexcavation裝巖，除渣：mucking掘進(jìn)工藝包括主要作業(yè)和輔助作業(yè)，其中主要作業(yè)包括破巖、裝巖、運(yùn)輸、支護(hù)，輔助作業(yè)包括通風(fēng)、鋪設(shè)軌道、挖掘排水溝、鋪設(shè)管線(xiàn)等等。Theexcavationtechniqueconsistsofmainoperationsincludingbre

46、aking,loading,haulageandsupport,andauxiliaryworkincludingventilation,layingthetrack,diggingditchesandlayingpipesetc.1) Breaking破巖打眼放炮是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的破巖方法。Drillingandblastingisthemostwidelyusedmethodofrockbreakingatpresent.(1) drillingDrilln.鉆機(jī)氣動(dòng)輕型鉆機(jī)，風(fēng)鉆Air-jackleg氣腿式鉆機(jī)Air-jacklegdrill架式鉆機(jī)Drifter鉆車(chē)，鑿巖臺(tái)車(chē)Jumbo

47、,drillcarriage濕式鉆進(jìn)Wetdrilling干式鉆進(jìn)Drydrilling鉆孔borehole(2) Blasting爆破炸藥：Explosive裝藥：Loadexplosiveintheborehole,charge起爆：detonate雷管：detonator；電雷管：electricdetonator炮眼布置方式：drillingpattern掏槽眼：cuthole輔助眼：auxiliaryhole周邊眼：trimhole頂眼：roofhole幫眼：flankhole底眼：Bottomhole起爆順序：firingsequenceCutauxiliaryroof&f

48、lankbottomThetypeofexplosiveused,rockproperties,andmethodofloadingandsequenceoffiringtheholes,affectholedepth,diameter,alignmentandspacing.采用的炸藥的類(lèi)型、巖石的特性、裝巖方法、各個(gè)鉆孔的起爆順序，這些都影響著鉆孔深度、直徑、排列和間距的確定。Ablastroundconsistsofcut,relief,breast,andtrimholes.一個(gè)爆破炮眼組包括掏槽眼、輔助眼、壓眼和邊界眼。2) Excavationfaceventilation掘進(jìn)面通

49、風(fēng)Fan風(fēng)機(jī)Airpipe風(fēng)筒3) loadingandhaulage裝巖和運(yùn)輸鏟斗裝巖機(jī)Shovelmucker耙斗裝巖機(jī)Scrapermucker機(jī)車(chē)+礦車(chē)Locomotive+wagons4) support支護(hù)3Roadwayexcavationincoals煤巷掘進(jìn)1) conventionalexcavationofcoaldrift傳統(tǒng)的煤層平巷掘進(jìn)法Breakingisbymeansofdrillingandblasting.手持式電鉆：handheldelectricdrillloading:handloading人工裝煤scrapermucker：耙斗裝煤機(jī)coalload

50、er：裝煤機(jī)扒抓，蟹抓2gathering-arms舌U板輸送機(jī)：1scraperconveyor2) 綜掘fullymechanizedexcavation(1) gatewaymachine平巷掘進(jìn)機(jī)組成：掘進(jìn)頭，(boom)cutterhead,cuttinghead裝煤裝置：loadingmechanism扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm舌U板輸送機(jī)：scraperconveyorhaulage：皮帶輸送機(jī)：beltstage-loadermechanism履帶行走裝置：crawlertravelmechanism支撐千斤頂：supportingcylinders,用來(lái)固定機(jī)器ot

51、hercylinders,controlcutterhead液控箱hydrauliccontrolbox操作：操作時(shí)，首先驅(qū)動(dòng)履帶行走裝置，使得切削頭碰到煤壁；然后，伸長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)向千斤頂和后部千斤頂，支撐到巷道上；這樣就固定住了掘進(jìn)機(jī)。然后，切割頭在掘進(jìn)面底部的一側(cè)鉆入煤壁。操作水平擺動(dòng)千斤頂，使切割頭割到底部的另外一側(cè)，這就在掘進(jìn)面底部完成了一刀作業(yè)。操作升降千斤頂，使切割頭向上割一定距離(切割頭的直徑)，然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。執(zhí)行這個(gè)循環(huán)作業(yè)，直到割完整個(gè)斷面。平巷掘進(jìn)機(jī)可以掘出任何形狀和尺寸的斷面，如圓形、馬蹄形、拱形和長(zhǎng)方形。Gatewaymachinecanexcavateanysizeandshapeofcrosssection:circular,horseshoe,archedandrectangular.(2) continuousminer連續(xù)采煤機(jī)roofbolter錨桿安裝機(jī)，錨桿機(jī)。Theroofbolterisarubber-tiredvehicleusedtodri