現(xiàn)代大學英語精讀四課件PPT

1、 A Drink in the Passage Alan Paton (1903-1988) Alan Paton was born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. He started his career by teaching at a school in Ixopo. The dramatic career change to director of a reformatory (管教所）管教所）for black youths at Diepkloof, near Johannesburg, had a profound effect on hi

2、s thinking. The publication of Cry, the Beloved Country (1948) made him one of South Africas best known writers, and by the time he died, it had sold over 15 million copies. Following his non-racial ideals, he helped to found the South African Liberal Party and became its president. Cry, the Beloved

3、 CountryPerhaps the most famous novel to come out of South Africa, Patons 1948 work brought to the notice of the world the dilemmas of ordinary South Africans living under an oppressive system, one which threatened to destroy their very humanity. Informed by Patons Christian and liberal beliefs, the

4、 novel tells of a rural Zulu parsons （牧師）（牧師） heart-breaking search for his son, who has been drawn into the criminal underworld of the city. Cry, the Beloved Country has sold millions of copies around the world. With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionaliz

5、ed（使制度（使制度化）化）. Race laws touched every aspect of social life, including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites, and the sanctioning （認可）（認可）of “white-only” jobs. In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South Africans be racially classified into one of three categ

6、ories: white, black (African), or colored (of mixed decent). The coloured category includedmajor subgroups of Indians and Asians. Classification into these categories was based on appearance, social acceptance, and descent（血統(tǒng)）（血統(tǒng)）. Non-compliance with the race laws were dealt with harshly. All black

7、s were required to carry “pass books” containing fingerprints, photo and information on access to non-black areas. In 1960, a large group of blacks in Sharpeville refused to carry their passes; the government declared a state of emergency. The emergency lasted for 156 days, leaving 69 people dead an

8、d 187 people wounded. Wielding（掌握、運用）（掌握、運用） the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of apartheid. Jubilee n. a date that is celebrated because it is exactly 25 years, 50 years etc. after an important event 25、50/60年等具有特

9、殊意義的周年紀念Do you know how many years they are marking? 1.silver jubilee A. 50 years 2. golden jubilee B. 60 years 3. diamond jubilee C. 25 years 1-C 2-A 3-B The news caused a sensation because it proved that Dorlin still had gold deposits. This is a show that would cause a sensation in London or New Y

10、ork.extreme excitement or interest, or someone or something that causes this轟動、引起轟動的人或事轟動、引起轟動的人或事Word formationssensational (a.)sensationalize (v.)17. sensation (1) n. a feeling that you get from one of your five senses, 感官的感覺能力感官的感覺能力The sensation of sight 視覺視覺Sensation of tiredness 疲勞感疲勞感He could

11、 feel no sensation in his arm. 他覺得自己的手臂麻木了。他覺得自己的手臂麻木了。17. sensation (2) n. Caroline had the sensation that she was being watched.It was a strange sensationI felt Id been there before.n. a feeling that is difficult to describe, caused by a particular event, experience, or memory感覺、知覺感覺、知覺17. sensati

12、on (3)In the year 1960 the Union Africa celebrated its Golden Jubilee, and there was a nationwide sensation when the one-thousand-pound prize for the finest piece of sculpture was won by a black man, Edward Simelane. In the year 1960, the Union of South Africa celebrated its fiftieth anniversary, an

13、d there was a great excitement throughout the country when people heard that the prize for the finest piece of sculpture was won by a black man. excite: to arouse 激起、激發(fā) His speech didnt excite much interest in voters. The news has certainly excited comment. conscience (1) n. a. the part of your mind

14、 that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrongHe was a man of strong social conscience, who actively campaigned against poverty in all its forms.Well, at least I can face them all with a clear / good conscience (=when you know that you have done nothing wrong).It eased her own

15、conscience. 不再受良心責備conscience (2) n. b. a guilty feeling that you have about something bad you have doneAnn felt a pang (劇痛） / twinge （刺痛）of conscience at having misjudged her.They have no conscience at all about cheating. (=not feel guilty about cheating) His work, African Mother and Child, (1) not

16、 only excited the admiration, (2) but touched the (A) conscience or (B) heart or (C) whatever it was that responded of white South Africa. that responded: here means responded in that way or similarly responded(3) seemed likely to make him famous It was by a careless mistake that his work was accept

17、ed, because as a black person, he was not supposed to participate in the competition.emphatic structurea mistake that you make by not noticing sth. or by forgetting to do sth. 錯誤、疏漏It was by an oversight that his work was accepted segregate (1) v. a. to separate one group of people from others, espe

18、cially because they are of a different race, sex, or religion (oppo.) integrate Male prisoners were strictly segregated from the females. Schools should not segregate children with disabilities. Blacks were segregated from whites in schools.segregate (2) v. b. to separate one part of a place or thin

19、g from another The coffee room had been segregated into smoking and non-smoking areas. They too were segregated into wagons for families and those for single men. separate keep sb. apart isolate cut sb. off from apartheid 南非種族隔離(=segregation)reprimand v.& n. to tell someone officially that somet

20、hing they have done is very wrong to received a severe reprimand for sth. Once he had forgotten to lock Mr Corcorans office and had been harshly reprimanded. The military court reprimanded him for failing to do his duty. a private reprimand: a criticism that is not make public omit: to leave out 1.遺

21、漏、疏忽、忘記 He omitted to state his reasons. Dont omit locking (or: to lock ) the door. 2. 省略、刪節(jié) Omit a passage from the text. omission omissible 可省略的 omissive: 省略的、遺漏的 soas to Im not so stupid as to believe him. indisputably: dispute: to argue about sth. esp. angrily and for a long period 爭論 disputable

22、: able to be questioned 有爭辯余地的 bring sth. to a close： to end or conclude sth. 結束Finally the meeting was brought to a close by the new chairman.The government was anxious to bring the hostage crisis to a close. but in certain powerful quarters, there was an outcry against any departure from the “trad

23、itional policies” of the country a usually unspecified group of peoplea strong protest or objection but in certain politically influential circles, there was a strong protest against this decision as it was not in conformity with the traditional, apartheid policies of the countryreferring to the rac

24、ial policies which had been in effect for many years quarters (from, among, in): 某方面的人士 Information from the high quarters 來自高層的信息 outcry: 公開抗議、吶喊 Despite the outcry, the university refused to change its admission policies. departure (from): a divergence from a rule or traditional practice 偏離、背離、違反

25、Their new designs represent a departure from their usual style.renounce v. to give up (a title, for example), especially by formal announcement 聲明放棄 Edward renounced his claim to the French throne. Rudolph voluntarily renounced his U.S. citizenship. We absolutely renounce all forms of terrorism. The

26、se groups must renounce violence if there is to be progress towards peace. Avert 避免、防止避免、防止 vt. to prevent something unpleasant from happening Talks will be held today in a final attempt to avert strike action. Luckily the pilot saw the other plane just in time, and a disaster was narrowly averted.

27、I was relieved that we had averted yet another financial crisis. feel up to sth. to have the strength, energy etc to do something; to be well enough to 有力氣、有精力去做某事 I just didnt feel up to going. You dont need to go back to school if you dont feel up to it. He is scheduled to join the team in Calgary

28、 late today if his back is feeling up to it.In Orlando you develop a throat of iron, and you just put back your head and put it down, in case the police should arrive. metaphor: a strong throatIn Orlando you (the blacks) gradually develop a throat as strong as iron, and you just throw back your head

29、 and drink the brandy up in one gulp in order to avoid police detection.subjunctive mood introduced by “in case（唯恐、以免、以防）（唯恐、以免、以防）” Develop: to come to have gradually; to come gradually to existence養(yǎng)成、培養(yǎng) Develop a taste for an interest in put back: throw back put it down: drink it down in one gulp

30、A throat of iron: Because brandy is a very strong drink, so if you often drink it very quickly, you will get a very strong throat. Cultural note 1 : According to apartheid laws, blacks could not remain in the big cities after a certain hour at night. Orlando must be small town where blacks live. Cul

31、tural note 2: Brandy is an expensive drink that was usually consumes by well-to-do white folks in Apartheid South Africa who would sip slowly from a brandy glass. When a black person like Simelane ever got a chance to drink brandy, he would usually use a small glass and drink it quickly for fear tha

32、t he might be seen and arrested by the police for breaking the law. A brandy glass is a large one with a wide bowl and narrow top. It is this shape so that the drinker can appreciate the aroma of brandy.They gave a window to it, with a white velvet backdrop, if there is anything called white velvet,

33、 and some complimentary words. They gave a whole window to the sculpture with a white curtain at the back and some words in praise of the work. The curtain (backdrop) was made of white velvet, if there is such a thing as white velvet.words expressing praise /admirationIts hard to associate “white ve

34、lvet” with “softness” “smoothness” in an apartheid country. (velvet: 絲絨、天鵝絨；絲絨般光滑、柔軟）絲絨、天鵝絨；絲絨般光滑、柔軟） complimentary: She was complimentary about his work. 她對他的工作贊美有加。 Compliment: 恭維（話） Make (or: pay) a compliment to sb. on sth. Please note: Complementary: 補充的 The station: the railway station Herald:

35、 先驅者、信使 In the text: the name of a newspaper The sculptor lives in Orlando as he is not allowed to live in the big city and therefore has to commute by train every day.squint at to look at something with your eyes partly closed in order to see better 瞇著眼睛看、斜著眼睛看Mrs. Fanning squinted at the writing o

36、n the door. Stop squinting at the screenput your glasses on. He had/took a squint at the headline of the news. out of the corner of your eye:In a secretive way 秘密的、暗地里秘密的、暗地里; without looking directly or intentionally不直視、窺不直視、窺視視please note:1.The phrase is usually used together with look, see glance

37、, notice, etc.2.The word eye is singular.indulge: to engage in; to take part in, here means to enjoy 沉溺于,享受pleasurable: 使人快樂的、使人滿意的、舒適的A pleasurable meeting between old friendscontemplation: 1.the act of thinking deeply and quietly2. The act of looking at sth. quietly and solemnly so I thought Id go

38、 and see the window, and indulge certain pleasurable human feelings. I must have got a little lost in the contemplation of my own genius So I thought Id go and see the window, and enjoy secretly some pleasant feelingsfeelings of pride for my own genius. I must have become too absorbed in my thinking

39、 about my own geniusbe engrossed/absorbed inHe was lost in the plot of the novel. confidential a. spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept secret 1. 秘密的、機密的 2. 表示信任或親密的The information we received is of a highly confidential nature and relates to national security.We hold confidential reco

40、rds on each employee. After drinking to each other, they became quite confidential.彼此敬酒后推心置腹、無話不談。 feel like: I dont feel like taking a trip Feel like tea / coffee / a rest and all: including the thing or things just mentioned 以及其它一切、等等 They ate the whole fishhead, bones, tail, and all. The boss pro

41、mised to provide me with a computer and all.round the corner: very near; coming soon I couldnt have told him my name. Why? It might be that Simelane had been acting as if he were admiring somebody elses work of art and therefore it would be embarrassing to reveal his true identity. He did not want t

42、he other person to know that he was indulging in admiring his own genius, esp. after hearing the compliments of this stranger. On the other hand, it might also show that Simelane was a very humble person, or we could say thats a common characteristic of black people because of the segregation and di

43、scrimination. start off: to begin to move; to begin a journey We didnt exactly walk abreast, but he didnt exactly walk in front of me. walk abreast: to walk side by side Q: Is there any symbolic meaning of the sentence? Would it be a problem for them to walk abreast? A: A black was not the equal of

44、white so they would never walk side by side as equals. Constrain v. a. to stop someone from doing what they want to do b. to limit something 限制、克制、約束、抑制限制、克制、約束、抑制 Financial factors should not constrain doctors from prescribing the best treatment for patients.Womens employment opportunities are ofte

45、n severely constrained by family commitments.Constrained: 被迫的；強裝出來的被迫的；強裝出來的 He felt constrained to accept the invitation. A constrained smile:強作的笑容強作的笑容 expel v. a. to force air, water, or gas etc out of your body or out of a container 排出、噴出排出、噴出Expel air from the lings. b. to officially force some

46、one to leave a school or organization 把。除名把。除名 Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs. The main opposition leader was expelled from her party. suspend: 1. to hang from above; to hang so as to allow free movement 懸掛、使懸浮 To suspend a lamp from the ceiling. 2. to stop or cause to be inact

47、ive for a period of time 停止、延緩 School classes were suspended for fear of spread of epidemic. 3. to prevent from taking part in a team polish(1) v.& n. a. to make something smooth, bright, and shiny by rubbing it 擦亮、拋光 After she had polished the furniture, she cleaned the windows. A good polish n

48、ow and then will keep the table looking new. furniture/shoe/floor, etc. polish 上光劑(=a liquid, powder, or other substance that you rub into a surface to make it smooth and shiny) polish (2) v.& n. b. to improve a piece of writing, a speech etc by making slight changes to it before it is completel

49、y finished Your essay is good, you just need to polish it a bit. Carlas writing has potential, but it lacks polish. impersonal doors: the doors looked unfriendly, one reason might be they looked all the same with no names or signs on them as this is a cheap apartment building a. a. not showing any f

50、eelings of sympathy, friendliness etc. 沒有感情的、冷淡的 b. a place or situation that is impersonal does not make people feel that they are important 沒有人情味的 Business letters do not have to be impersonal and formal.I hate staying in hotels; theyre so impersonal.I had no desire to work for a large, impersonal

51、 organization. Just signing your name on a Christmas card seems too impersonal. 太沒人情味 “Sorry theres no brandy,” he said. “Only wine. Heres happiness.” brandy is generally considered more expensive stuff. Van Ransburg wanted to treat his guest”I” with the best thing he had. He has no bias or prejudic

52、e towards black people. Heres happiness: Lets drink to your happiness. Van Rensburg was proposing a toast (干杯、祝酒）. I was（nt only） feeling what you may be thinking, 我當時的感覺（不僅僅只是）就像你認為的一樣。我當時的感覺（不僅僅只是）就像你認為的一樣。 Q： If you were asked to drink in a passage just outside of someones apartment, not invited

53、into the apartment, to sit down and drink properly, how would you feel? You might be thinking that it was an insult; and that was my feeling at the moment. Besides this feeling, there was sth. else.I wasnt only feeling what you may be thinking, I was thinking that one of the impersonal doors might o

54、pen at any moment, and someone might see me in “white” building, and see me and van Rensburg breaking the liquor laws of the country. You might be thinking that it was an insult to have me drink in the passage instead of inviting me into their apartment, to sit down and drink properly. Yes, I was fe

55、eling that way. But there was sth. else. I was also afraid that one of the cold, unfriendly doors might open at any moment and someone might see me in this “whites only” building, drinking with a white man and breaking the laws on drinking.Anger could have saved me from the whole embarrassing situat

56、ion, but you know I cant easily be angry. Even if I could have been, I might have found it hard to be angry with this particular man. 憤怒也許可以使我從尷尬的局面中擺脫出來。憤怒也許可以使我從尷尬的局面中擺脫出來。I could have simply left then and there angrily and thus freed myself from the awkward situation. But you know, Im not the kin

57、d of person who can easily get angry. Even if I could, I might have found it hard to be angry with this particular man. He seemed so nice to me.subjunctive mood Talk out ones heart to sb.: to tell everything in ones mind thoroughly and freely to sb.; to pour out ones feelings to sb. 把心里話告訴某人把心里話告訴某人

58、Sometimes we need to talk out our heart to our friends.Come and talk out your heart to us. Were ready to offer you help. but not for all the money in the world could I have said to her dankie, my nooi or that disgusting dankie, misses, not for all the money in the world: under no circumstances “dank

59、ie, my nooi” and “dankie, misses” ，something like “Thank you, my lady”, were considered proper in this context for blacks. But as an educated person, Simelane would not talk like that. He had his dignity. so I took the risk of it and used the word mevrou, for the politeness of which some Afrikaners

60、would knock a black man down, and I said, in high Afrikaans, “Ek is a dankbaar, Mevrou.” Take the risk of it: to take ones chance Mervou: Madam, a title of respect, clearly inappropriate for the black person to use. knock sb. down: to hit sb. and make them fall down high Afrikaans: Afrikaans spoken by educated