2011年全國職稱英語衛(wèi)生類(B級(jí))真題及答案解析

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2011年全國職稱英語衛(wèi)生類（B級(jí)）真題及答案解析第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分） 下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。 1 Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer. A admitted B reported C hoped Danswered 2 We need to extract the relevant financial data. A store B save C review D obtain 3 Mr. Henley

2、has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year. A held B increased C expected D offered 4 The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy. A choice B idea C decision D reason 5 The high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives A effort B problem C influence D concern 6 His sh

3、oes were shined to perfection. A cleared B washed C mended D polished 7 We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference. A offered B included C investigated D accepted8 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. A continuous B relative

4、C general D sharp 9 Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do. A saying B doubting C thinking D knowing 10 We have to act within the existing legal framework. A limit B system C procedure D status 11 She always finds fault with everything. A simplifies B evaluates C examines D cr

5、iticizes 12 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. A magnificent B general C traditional D strong 13 At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. A give B understand C attach D lose 14 They converted the spare bedroom into an office. A reduced B mov

6、ed C turned D reformed 15 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours. A spend B take C last D stand 第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C. Relieving the Pain "Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic

7、pain," say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain, "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising." The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not pro

8、ductive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work. Lumbar(腰部的) pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off

9、 the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不動(dòng)的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽), the body's "feel-good"

10、; chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body. Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Si

11、nce finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. "It's crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Asso

12、ciation for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names." A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs

13、 are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity. In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relax

14、ation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi (太極), self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy(理療) a week in a traditional hospital program. "The idea is to strengthen and to increase

15、 long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence," explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. "Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment." 16. To treat pain,

16、patients should stop moving around. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Doctors often use drugs such as endorphi

17、ns to treat patients. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2

18、2. New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：（1）第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第25段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 The Meaning of dreams 1 Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be cor

19、rectly interpreted, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize. 2 I can see their laughing faceslaughing at me. But they aren't as smart. If they were, they'd be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and

20、negative connotations(涵義). On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escap

21、e. The dream could represent an inferiority complex(自卑情結(jié)), which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others. 3 I'm moving fast now, but it's still behind me. Doesn't matter how fast I go, I still can't escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of he

22、alth and vitality(生命力) like the first one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble(蹣跚) or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fea

23、r even more terrifying(恐怖的). One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in their everyday life. 4 1'm sweating and my heart is beating. I'm trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, o

24、r on the edge of a cliff. The overwhelming (強(qiáng)烈的) feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly (恐怖地) real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous

25、relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death. 5 The wind is pushing me and I slip. There's nothing I can do . . . nothing I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. T

26、hey try hard to move their arms and legs，but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape，they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at

27、, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated phobia (恐懼) of losing a job and a livelihood. 23. Paragraph 2_ 24. Paragraph 3_ 25. Paragraph 4_ 26. Paragraph 5_ A Dream of diving into the water B Dream of running hard C Dream of falling down D Dream of f

28、lying into the air E Dream of being pushed away F Dream of climbing trees27. If a person puts himself up above others in the dream, he may_. 28. If a person dreams of being chased by others, he may _. 29. If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff, he may _. 30. If a person dreams of faili

29、ng to do something in public, he may _ _. A be under pressure in everyday life B feel tired in real life C be afraid of losing his job in real life D feel lonely in everyday life E feel inferior in reality F be afraid of losing control in real life 第4部分：閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文

30、回答其后面的問題，為每題確定一個(gè)最佳答案。 第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of commu

31、nication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has

32、been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mob

33、ile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (掃描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own so

34、n. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiatio

35、n. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less

36、 often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now

37、, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often 31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A they're popular B they're useful C they're convenient D they're cheap 32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A cured B removed

38、C discovered D caused 33 The salesman retired young because A he couldn't remember simple tasks B he disliked using mobile phones C he was tired of talking on his mobile phone D his employer's doctor persuaded him to 34. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies A hol

39、d that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about B deny the existence of mobile phone radiation C develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation D try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health 35 The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people A to

40、 buy mobile phones B to use mobile phones less often C to update regular phones D to stop using mobile phones 第二篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment(虐待) Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence (流行) of child malt

41、reatment. Data for many countries, especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking. Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% o

42、f women and 5%-10% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25%-50%of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse). Every year, there are an about 31,000 homicide(殺人) deaths in ch

43、ildren under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, bums and drowning. Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltrea

44、tment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural

45、 and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections. Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longe

46、r-term health costs. A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment. It is important to emphasize that children are th

47、e victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special need

48、s, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features. 36 International studies reveal that A many children have been neglected. B child maltreatment is most serious in developed countries. C 20% of children have been sexually abused. D 25%-50% of girls have been physically abused. 37 The word

49、 "underestimates" in paragraph 3 means A exaggerates. B points out. C assumes. D miscalculates. 38 Child maltreatment can bring all the following consequences EXCEPT A stress. B suicide. C heart disease. D poor memory. 39 Children are more likely to be maltreated if they A cry a lot. B are

50、 not good-looking. C are over 4 years old. D are quiet. 40 We can infer from the passage that A researchers have collected enough data on child maltreatment. B more than 31,000 children under 15 are killed every year. C many countries have set up special institutions for maltreated children. D some

51、children are also to blame for maltreatment. 第三篇 Sprained (扭傷) Ankle One of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments(韌帶) of a joint are twisted(扭傷) and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint

52、in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells(腫脹) and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can

53、leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself: Elevate(抬高) Cool Bandage（打繃帶） As soon as ther

54、e is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie do

55、wn as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding(流血) to minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour, and then reapply. This can be several times a day for a to

56、tal of three days. Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers(引起) more blood distribution to the affect

57、ed area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the angle. Be careful not to wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot. 41. A sprain is caused by A ligament fibers of a joint being twisted B blood vessels being hurt in the footC constant

58、ly changing body temperature D elevating one's ankle 42. The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to A bleeding under the skin B pressing one's ankle C a tight bandage D applying a cold pack 43 The word "it" in paragraph 2(line5) refers to A ankleB injuryC pressureD swelling44. Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done? A Begin