人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)第10單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)匯總

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit10 重點(diǎn)單詞、知識(shí)梳理、詞匯句式精講單詞 （音標(biāo)）yard j:d n. 院子yard sale 庭院拍賣會(huì)sweet swi:t adj. & n. 甜的，糖果memory memr n. 記憶，記憶力，回憶cent sent n. 分，分幣toy t n. 玩具bear b n. 熊maker mek(r) n. 生產(chǎn)者，制造者bread maker 面包機(jī)scarf sk:f n. 圍巾，披巾，頭巾soft sft adj. 柔軟的soft toy 軟體玩具，布絨玩具check tek n. & v. 餐館賬單;檢查check out

2、察看，觀察board b:d n. 板子，甲板board game 棋類游戲junior du:n(r) adj. 地位低下的junior high school 初中clear kl adj. 清晰的，清澈的clear out 清理，清除掉bedroom bedru:m n. 臥室no longer 不再，不復(fù)own un adj. 屬于自己的railway relwe n. 鐵路，鐵道part p:t n. 部分，零部件part with 放棄，交出certain s:tn adj. 某一，確定的，無(wú)疑的as for 至于，關(guān)于honest nst adj. 誠(chéng)實(shí)的，正直的to be ho

3、nest 說(shuō)實(shí)在的while wail conj. 當(dāng).時(shí)候，一段時(shí)間，一會(huì)兒truthful tru:fl adj. 誠(chéng)實(shí)的，真實(shí)的hometown hmtan n. 家鄉(xiāng)，故鄉(xiāng)nowadays nadez adv. 現(xiàn)今，現(xiàn)在，目前search s:t v. 搜索，搜查among m prep. 在其中之一crayon 'kren n. 彩色鉛筆shame em n. 羞恥regard r':d n. & v. 致敬，問候;將視為count kaunt n. & v. 計(jì)算，計(jì)數(shù);有價(jià)值century 'sentr n. 世紀(jì)，百年according

4、 'k:d adv. 依照，按照opposite pzit在對(duì)面，與相對(duì);對(duì)面的especially speli adv. 特別，尤其childhood taldhd n. 孩童時(shí)期consider knsid v. 仔細(xì)考慮，思考，注視，close to 幾乎，接近hold huld v. 擁有，抓住Unit10 知識(shí)梳理【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】1. these days 目前，現(xiàn)在2.regard with great interest 以極大的興趣關(guān)注著3. in order to 為了4.so far 迄今，到目前為止5. in need 需要6. not.any more 不再.7. w

5、elcome to sp 歡迎來(lái)到.8.check out 察看，觀察9. board games 棋類游戲10. one last thing 最后一樣?xùn)|西11. junior high school 初級(jí)中學(xué)12.clear out 清理13. no longer 不再14.toy monkey 玩具猴15. part with 與.分開16. to be honest 說(shuō)實(shí)在的17. ride a bike 騎自行車18. have a yard sale 進(jìn)行庭院拍賣會(huì)19. ones old things 某人的舊東西20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜

6、美的回憶21. give away 捐贈(zèng)22. play for a while 玩一會(huì)23. do with 處理，處置24. search for work 找工作25.for the last 13 years 在過去的13年里26. the mid-20th century 20世紀(jì)中期27. stay the same 保持原狀28. according to 依照，按照29. in ones opinion 依.看30. in my time 在我那個(gè)年代【重點(diǎn)句型】1. Have long have you had that bike over there? 那邊的那輛

7、自行車你買了多久了？2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years . 艾米擁有她最喜歡的書3年了。3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四歲生日起，他擁有這個(gè)東西了。4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. 有些人依然住在家鄉(xiāng)，然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家鄉(xiāng)一兩次。5. As for me ,I di

8、d not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 至于我，我不想放棄我的足球衣，但是，說(shuō)實(shí)在的，我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間沒有踢球了。6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? 你是否曾經(jīng)想過要舉辦一個(gè)庭院拍賣會(huì)來(lái)出售東西？7. What would you do with the memory you raise? 你會(huì)怎樣處理你所籌集

9、到得錢？【話題寫作】某英文報(bào)舉辦“家鄉(xiāng)的變化”主題征文活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示，“The changes in my hometown”為題，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇80詞左右的短文。 過去：生活貧困，房屋破舊。污染嚴(yán)重，垃圾遍地。交通不便，游客很少。 現(xiàn)在：住房寬敞明亮，許多人有了自己的汽車。山更綠了，水更清了，天更藍(lán)了。每年有成千上萬(wàn)來(lái)自世界各地的游客。 將來(lái)：請(qǐng)你展望家鄉(xiāng)的未來(lái)。 【優(yōu)秀滿分范文】The Changes In My Hometown     In the past, my hometown was

10、 very small, and people lived a poor life. The houses were old and small. Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was not convenient, so few visitors came here.     Now great changes have taken place in my hometown. The environment has

11、become more beautiful. The mountains have turned greener, the rivers are clearer and the sky are bluer. There are trees, flowers and grass everywhere. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. Every year , thousands of people from all over the wor

12、ld come to our city.     Im sure it will get richer and more beautiful in the future. I love my hometown.Unit10 詞匯講解1. for/since (1) for與表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，表示“做某事多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過去某時(shí)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。for所在句子中的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：    Ive lived inChinafor two years. 我

13、住在中國(guó)兩年了。    Ive known him for more than twenty years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他20多年了。 (2) since作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句常用完成時(shí)。例如：    I have studied English since I came here. 自從我來(lái)這里就學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。    I have known her since I was five years old. 自從我五歲就認(rèn)識(shí)她。since還可以作介詞，連接一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一段時(shí)

14、間+ago。例如：    She has been ill since last weekend.     她自從上周末就病了。    She has been in Wuhan since four years ago.     自從四年前她就在武漢。2. makermaker是名詞，意為“生產(chǎn)者；制造者”，是由“動(dòng)詞make + 后綴-r”構(gòu)成的。英語(yǔ)中，表示職業(yè)或身份的名詞小結(jié)：(1) 以-ist結(jié)尾的有：&#

15、160;   pianist鋼琴家  chemist化學(xué)家  violinist小提琴家    physicist物理學(xué)家  scientist科學(xué)家     (2) 以-er，-r或-or結(jié)尾的有：    teacher教師  painter畫家      writer作家  singer歌唱家   

16、60;  visitor參觀者    actor演員      engineer工程師  inventor發(fā)明家      professor教授  reporter記者(3) 以-man結(jié)尾的有：    postman郵遞員  policeman警察       busines

17、sman商人   spaceman宇航員    fisherman漁夫   dustman清潔工(4) 以-ian結(jié)尾的有：    musician音樂家  politician政治家3. certaincertain作形容詞，意為“某種；某事；某人”。例如：    He decided to sell his certain books.     他決定賣掉他的某些書籍?！就?/p>

18、展】certain作形容詞，意為“確定的；無(wú)疑的”，相當(dāng)于sure，對(duì)應(yīng)的副詞為certainly。certain常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：be certain / sure of sth. 對(duì)某事有把握 be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事be certain / sure + that從句  確信   例如：They are certain / sure of success. 他們有把握成功。Im certain / sure that he will come. 我確信他會(huì)成功的。4. a 46-year-old husb

19、and and father46-year-old是復(fù)合形容詞，這種形容詞有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：一是詞與詞之間要用連字符連接；二是數(shù)詞之后的名詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：    a three-meter-long line一條三米長(zhǎng)的繩子【拓展】歲數(shù)的表達(dá)方式小結(jié)：(1) 基數(shù)詞 + years old。例如：    He is 8 years old. 他八歲了。(2) 基礎(chǔ)詞-year-old。例如：    Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18歲的女孩。(

20、3) 名詞 + of + 基礎(chǔ)詞。例如：    Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18歲的男孩。(4) at the age of + 基數(shù)詞。例如：    She is at the age of 18. 她18歲了。5. shame    shame是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“羞恥；羞愧；慚愧”?？膳c不定冠詞a連用，表示“可恥的人或事；可惜（遺憾）的事”。例如：    He felt no shame for what he had done.

21、0;    他對(duì)自己所做過的事不感到羞愧。    Its a shame that you cant stay for dinner.     你不能留下吃晚飯，真遺憾?！就卣埂縮hame常見的短語(yǔ)有：    feel shame at因而感到羞愧        in shame羞愧地     &#

22、160;  have no shame無(wú)羞恥心    with shame羞愧地       to ones shame令某人感到羞愧的是        bring shame on使丟臉6. regardregard作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“注視；注意；認(rèn)作”。常用短語(yǔ)regardas意為“將視為；把當(dāng)作”，as為介詞，其后可接名詞或代詞。例如：    I reg

23、ard you as my best friend. 我把你當(dāng)作我最好的朋友。    We regard him as our brother. 我們把他當(dāng)成兄弟看待。7. opposite(1) opposite作介詞，意為“在對(duì)面”，相當(dāng)于across from，常與名詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，表方位。例如：    They live opposite the bank. 他們住在銀行對(duì)面。 (2) opposite作形容詞，意為“另一邊的；對(duì)面的；相反的”。例如：    We live on t

24、he opposite side of the road. 我們住在馬路對(duì)面。(3) opposite作副詞，意為“在對(duì)面”。例如：    Theres an old man living opposite. 有一個(gè)老人住在對(duì)面。(4) opposite作名詞，意為“相反的人或物；對(duì)立面”，常與介詞of一起使用。例如：    “Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反義詞。8. considerconsider作動(dòng)詞，意為“考慮、認(rèn)為”，它的后面跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞或者從句作賓語(yǔ)。&#

25、160;   Please consider my suggestion.     請(qǐng)考慮我的建議。    Why dont you consider visiting Qing Dao？    你為什么不考慮去青島參觀？    I consider that he is a selfish man.     我認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)自私的人?！就卣埂亢蠼觿?dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)

26、的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)可參考以下歸納：完成，實(shí)踐，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；考慮，建議，不禁，想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）；錯(cuò)過，習(xí)慣，（別）放棄（miss, be used to, give up）；繼續(xù)，喜歡，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。 練一練：I. 英漢互譯。1. 多久_2. not any more _3. grow up_      4. 起初_5. as for _6. give up_7.

27、 至少_8. 一年一兩次_9. according to _10. in order to_II. 根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示寫出所缺單詞。1. All my life I have tried to be an _(誠(chéng)實(shí)的) man.2. He tied a _(圍巾) around his neck.3. Please _(檢查) your answer again.4. Its very comfortable to step on the _(柔軟的) ground in the spring.5. During the 1830s, countries all over the world

28、started to build _(鐵路).6. He is the tallest one _(在當(dāng)中) the boys.7. In judging him you should _(仔細(xì)考慮) his youth.8. I have many pleasant _(回憶) of our friendship.9. My little son can _(數(shù)數(shù)) from one to ten.10. Miss Li _(搜尋) on the Internet for the information she needed.III. 用since或for填空。1. Jill ha

29、s been inIreland_ Monday.2. Jill has been inIreland_ three days.3. My aunt has lived inAustralia_ 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5.Indiahas been an independent country _ 1947.6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They

30、 have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.參考答案：I. 英漢互譯。1. how long   2. 不再   3. 長(zhǎng)大  4. at first   5. 至于   6. 放棄  7. at least 8. once or twice a year   9. 根據(jù)；按照  10. 為了II. 根

31、據(jù)句意及首字母和漢語(yǔ)提示寫出所缺單詞。1. honest   2. scarf   3. check  4. soft   5. railway  6. among     7. consider  8. memories   9. count  10. searchedIII. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. since  2. for  3. for  4. sinc

32、e  5. since  6. for  7. for  8. for; sinceUnit10 重點(diǎn)句型解析1. How long have you had that bike over there?how long意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，詢問某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久，故句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。例如：How long do you watch TV? 你看電視多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？How long can I keep the book? 這本書我可以借多久？【拓展】how long; how often; how soon的辨析

33、：how   long表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，主要對(duì)時(shí)間段提問。例如：     How long is he staying? 他打算待多久？     Hes staying for a week. 他打算待一個(gè)星期。how   often表示“多久一次”，主要對(duì)頻率進(jìn)行提問。例如：     How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次電視？     Twice a week. 一周

34、兩次。how   soon意為“還要多久”，多用在一般將來(lái)時(shí)中。例如：     How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回來(lái)？     In an hour. 一小時(shí)以后。2. Because I dont read it any more.notany more意為“不再”。not常位于be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后，any more常位于句末，相當(dāng)于no more。no more常位于句中，放在be動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，兩者經(jīng)常可以互換。例如：  

35、  He doesnt live here any more. = He no more lives here.     他不再住在這里了?！就卣埂勘硎尽安辉佟钡脑~還有notany longer或no longer。二者的區(qū)別在于：(1) notany more = no more，表示數(shù)量或程度上的“不再”增加，通常修飾終止性動(dòng)詞。例如：    The baby isnt crying any more. = The baby is no more crying. 

36、0;   這個(gè)嬰兒不再哭了。(2) no longer = notany longer表示時(shí)間或距離上的“不再”延長(zhǎng)，通常修飾延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。例如：    I cant stand it any longer. 我對(duì)此再也不能忍受下去了。3. Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things.It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意為“做某事是的”，to do sth.為句子的真正的主語(yǔ)，而it為形式主語(yǔ)，形式主語(yǔ)不能用別的詞來(lái)代替，句中可在形容詞后加for sb.，意為“對(duì)于某

37、人來(lái)說(shuō)，做某事是的”。例如：    Its important for us to learn a foreign language.     對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)是相當(dāng)重要的。    Its necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables.     對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。【拓展】這個(gè)句型中的for sb.有時(shí)也可以用of sb. 二者意義有區(qū)別：

38、 (1) 在Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意為“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)”，句中的形容詞是用來(lái)說(shuō)明to do sth.的，形式主語(yǔ)只能用it。例如：    Its necessary for the students to do some housework.     對(duì)于學(xué)生們來(lái)說(shuō)，做些家務(wù)是十分必要的。 (2) 在Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意為“某人”，句中形容詞可與邏輯主語(yǔ)sb. 構(gòu)成系表結(jié)

39、構(gòu)，即形容詞是用來(lái)說(shuō)明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如：    Its very kind of you to help us.     你能幫助我們真是太好了。4. Jim has been inJapanfor three days.(1) been是be動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。(2) have been in 是be in的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式，一般與段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：    He has been in hospital for two months. 他住院已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月了?！?/p>

40、拓展】have been to; have been in 與have gone to的辨析：(1) “have/ has been to + 地點(diǎn)”表示“去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。例如：    Ive been to Beijing twice. 我已去過北京兩次。(2) “have/has been in + 地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地待了一段時(shí)間”。例如：    Hes been in this school for two years. 他在這所學(xué)校待了兩年了。(3)“ have/has gone to + 地點(diǎn)”表示“到某事去了”

41、，現(xiàn)在還沒有回來(lái)，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中。例如：     Wheres Wei Hua? 魏華在哪里？     She has gone to the zoo. 她到動(dòng)物園去了。5. But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，some things至句末為賓語(yǔ)從句，作thinks

42、的賓語(yǔ)。在該賓語(yǔ)從句中包含由and連接的兩個(gè)分句，在第二個(gè)分句中，“that holds all his childhood memories”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞place。關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that或which，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that或which也可省略。例如：    I like clothes that/which are unusual.     我喜歡與眾不同的衣服。   

43、0;Pass me the book(that/which) you bought for me yesterday.     把你昨天給我買的那本書遞給我。練一練：I. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成英語(yǔ)句子（每空一詞）。1. 你擁有那邊的那輛自行車多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ _ _ _ you _ that bike over there?2. 請(qǐng)查看一下這些玩具是否完好。Please _ _ if these toys are all right.3. 說(shuō)實(shí)在的，我很喜歡美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂。_ _ _, I like American country music

44、 very much.4. 我在紐約住了幾個(gè)星期。I have lived in New York for _ _ _ weeks.5. 他不懈地學(xué)習(xí)著，直到不再討厭數(shù)學(xué)為止。He worked and worked until he _ _ hated mathematics.6. 懷特先生的記憶力很差。Mr. White has _ _ _.7. “空的”是“滿的”的反義詞。“Empty” is _ _ _ “full”.8. 許多警察和官兵正在森林里搜尋從監(jiān)獄里跑出來(lái)的犯人。Many policemen and soldiers are _ the forest _ the prison

45、er escaping from prison.II. 句型轉(zhuǎn)化，每空一詞。1. He ran in the school for half an hour. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)  _ _ _ he run in the school?2. We started to skate two hours ago. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)  _ _ you start to skate?3. They started to play the piano one or two hours ago. (改為同義句)  They started to play the

46、piano _ _ _ two ago.4. They have been away from here since two years ago. (改為同義句)  _ _ two years _ they left here.5. The man began to work four hours ago. (改為同義句)  The man has _ _ four hours.6. I have already finished my homework. (改為否定句)  I _ _ my homework _.7. She has cleaned the room. (改為一般疑問句)  _ sh