簡明英語句子的種類

1、句子的種類分類定義例句陳述句陳述事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)They will go to cinema.Hi is not here.疑問句對(duì)事實(shí)提問或詢問事實(shí)Did you have a good time?what have you done?祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、建議等Please open the door.感嘆句表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情What a nice day!How clever he is!陳述句包括肯定句和否定句肯定句I have seen many films this month.He did many exercises this morning.否定句1、由not構(gòu)成否定句

2、助動(dòng)詞（或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+ not +一般動(dòng)詞He didnt go there.I cant sing the song. Be +notIm not a teacher.He wasnt late for school yesterday. Have (has) +notShe hasnt a new skirt.He doesnt have breakfast at home.2、否定句的其它表示方法 含有否定意義的詞或詞組nothing , no one , nobody/none , neitherI saw nothing. = I didnt see any thing.No one

3、 can do it. = Not a person can do it.There is nobody in the room. = There is not any body in the room.None of the helped the old man. = Not one of them helped the old man.I like neither of the tow boys. = I dont like either of the tow boys. 含有否定意義的形容詞no , little , fewThere is no water here. = There

4、is not any water here.He drank little water just now.= He didnt drink much water just now. There are few books in the library.= There arent many books in the library. 含有否定意義的副詞或詞組 no longer = not any longer , seldomNo more = not any more, hardly, notat all, never I no longer come here.= I dont come

5、here any longer. He said no more about it.= He didnt say any moue about it. He has never finished his homework on time.= He hasnt ever finished his homework on time. I seldom have breakfast at home.= I dont often have breakfast at home. I could hardly say a word.= I almost couldnt say a word. 含有否定意義

6、的結(jié)構(gòu)：tootoThe box is too heavy for a child to lift.試比較：()I dont think he is right.(x) I think he is not right.()I dont believe he can do like that.(x) I believe he cant do like that.疑問句一般疑問句 Did you get there on time?特殊疑問句What are you doing?選擇疑問句Is that pen new or old?反意疑問句He is an English teacher, i

7、snt he?1、一般疑問句 一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)：Be/have (has )/助動(dòng)詞+主語（+一般動(dòng)詞） 一般疑問句的回答:Yes ,主語+be/have(has)/助動(dòng)詞No ,主語+be/have(has) /助動(dòng)詞+not Are you from Xian? Yes, I am. No, Im not.Have you a little dog? Yes, I have. No, I havent.Will you go to Beijing next month? Yes, I will. No, I wont.一般否定疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu):Be / have (has)助動(dòng)詞的否定縮略式+

8、主語(+主動(dòng)詞)?Arent you a student? Yes, I am. No, I m not.Didnt he tell you that? Yes, he did.No, he didnt.2、特殊疑問句 疑問代詞：what , who/whom , whose , which 疑問副詞：when , where, ,why , how向主語部分提問：疑問代詞+陳述語序？ Tom is watching TV now. Who is watching TV now? These bikes were bought last year. What was bought last y

9、ear? 向其它部分提問：疑問代詞+一般疑問句語序 向謂語部分提問 They are playing football. What are they doing? 向賓主提問 I gave a book to Tom.To whom did you give a book? 向表語提問 I gave a book to Tom.To whom did you give a book? 向表語提問 Im Tom. Who are you? I m a student. What are you? This is a book. Whats this? This book is mine. Who

10、se is this book? 向狀語提問 時(shí)間狀語I left the room at seven. What time did you leave the room?Well have a meting the day after tomorrow. When will you have a meeting? 地點(diǎn)狀語I have ever seen him in Beijing. Where have you ever seen him? 原因狀語She wont go out because it is very cold.Why wont she go out?方式狀語He oft

11、en go to school by bike.How does he often go to school?由how構(gòu)成的疑問詞組詞組詞義例句how many多少（用于可數(shù)名詞）How many books are there on the table?how much多少（用于不可數(shù)名詞）How much is your coat?how long多長時(shí)間（指時(shí)間長短）How long have you lived here?多長（指長度）How long is the river?how often多久一次（批頻度）How often will he come here?how soon

12、多快（指時(shí)間）How soon will he be back?how far多遠(yuǎn)（指距離）How far is it?how old多大（指歲數(shù)）How old is he?What/how about和why notWhat/how about? I have tow pens. What about you?How about going out for a walk?Why not ? Why dont you? Why not come in? =Why dont you come in?Why not close the door?=Why dont you close the d

13、oor?3、選擇疑問句(1) 分類一般選擇疑問句：一般疑問句+A or B?Are you in Class 1or class 2?Do you like this one or that one?特殊選擇疑問句：特殊疑問句，A or B?Which is larger , Beijing or Shanghai?Who runs faster , Tom or Jim? （2）特殊疑問句中疑問代詞的用法區(qū)別 A. Who 和what Who is he? He is Wang Lin. What is he? He is a student.B.what 和which What color

14、 do you like?I like red and white. Which color do you like better , red or white? I like red.c.whose , who和whomwhose book is this?Whose is this book?Who (whom)will you visit this afternoon?To whom did you lend your pen?4、反意疑問句 （1）反意疑問句的分類 肯定陳述句，+簡短否定疑問句？ The horse is white , isnt it ? Yes, it is. No

15、, it isnt. When likes playing piano , doesnt she? Yes, she does. No, she doesnt. He wrote to Tom yesterday, didnt he? Yes, he did. No, he didnt. Mary can sing in English , cant she? Yes, she can. No, she cant. 否定陳述句+簡短肯定附加疑問句？ He wasnt at home last night , was he/ Yes, he was. No they wont. They won

16、t do it again , will they? Yes, they will. No, they wont. He hasnt finished his home work yet ,has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）反意疑問句的特殊情況 陳述句部分的動(dòng)詞為have(has)AHe has a knife , doesnt he ? /hasnt he? Yes, he does/he has. No, he doesnt /he hasnt.B. They have a meeting once a week, dont they? He oft

17、en has dinner at home , doesnt he?祈使句的反意疑問句A. Open the window, will you? Dont be late for school , will you?B. lets go, shall we? Let him do it , will you? Let me help you , will you? Let us go , will you?There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的反意疑問句There is an apple on the table , isnt there?There arent four people in your fa

18、mily , are there?陳述句部分如有表示否定意義的詞時(shí)。常用的表否定意義的詞語: never , few little , no one , seldom , hardly , nobody , neither , none , nothingHe seldom helps others , does he?Yes, he does.No, he doesnt.Few people can speak in English , can they? 當(dāng)陳述句謂語動(dòng)詞含used to時(shí)，附加疑問句常用usednt或didnt; He used to smoke a lot , used

19、nt /didnt he?祈使句1、第二人稱的祈使句 肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞原形 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：Dont+動(dòng)詞原形 Be careful! Please open the window. Dont be late. Dont talk in class.2、第一、三人稱的祈使句（1）肯定結(jié)構(gòu)Let me +動(dòng)詞原形 Let us /lets +動(dòng)詞原形 Let+第三人稱名詞或代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞原形 Let me help you. Let us go fishing with you. Lets go fishing. Let us 和 lets 的區(qū)別 Let us 不包括對(duì)方（即聽話者），表示請(qǐng)示；而Le

20、ts 包括對(duì)，表示建議。 Let us go, will you? Lets go, shall we? Let marry go home. Let him come in. (2)否定結(jié)構(gòu) Dont let +第三人稱+動(dòng)詞原形 Lets not +動(dòng)詞原形 Dont let me /us leave here. Lets not leave here. Dont let him watch TV.感嘆句分類： a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！(1) What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞?。?）How+形容詞、副詞+主語+謂語！What an interesting fil

21、m it is!How interesting the film is!What clever students they are!How clever the students are!What lovely weather it is!How lovely the weather is!How fast he runs! How well he speaks English!有時(shí)主語和謂語可省略掉；What a pity!How beautiful!how用來修飾動(dòng)詞，但動(dòng)詞并不提前。How I want to become a teacher!按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求完成下列句子：1. You s

22、houldnt forget to turn off the lights. （變成祈使句）2. The earth moves round the sun. （變成一般疑問句）3. That is my bike, ? （變成反意疑問句）4. They had an important meeting at 9:00a.m. yesterday morning.（就劃線部分提問）5. You have made a terrible mistake.（變?yōu)楦袊@句）6. You seldom see him, ?（變成反意疑問句）7. There are five sheep under th

23、e tree.（就劃線部分提問）8. He comes to see me once a month.（就劃線部分提問）9. They speak Chinese well.（變?yōu)楦袊@句）10. He has bought a new pen for me. （就劃線部分提問）簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句一、簡單句1、一個(gè)主語+一個(gè)謂語 My sister is a nurse. They come. They were having lunch at that time.2、一個(gè)并列主語和一個(gè)謂語 Li Lei and his mother went shopping yesterday. Nei

24、ther you nor I cant drive a car.3、一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)并列謂語 He picked up the wallet and put it into the pocket.The students are reciting and writing the new words. 二、并列句 簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句 I had no water but he had a lot. Its dark , so we must hurry. Hurry up , or we wont catch the bus.三、復(fù)合句1、從句的類型從 句名詞性從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同

25、位語從句形容詞性從句定語從句副詞性從句狀語從句2、賓語從句賓語從句常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接代詞：that what which who/whom連接副詞：whether/if when where how why賓語從句句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)及物動(dòng)詞+從句I think (that)he will come.We dont know whether/if they have lalready arrived.He knows who I an.Do you remember where you left your key?帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中主句的否定式、疑問式與簡單句的形式相同。He doesnt know

26、 if the answer is correct.Does he know (that )I m here?賓語從句的疑問式必須用陳述語序。I know where he is.I wonder what they are talking about.賓語從句中如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是think , believe , expect , suppose , guess等時(shí)，從句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)往往轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的為主動(dòng)詞中去，從句的為主動(dòng)詞仍用肯定式。I dont think its true.He doesnt believe the student is late for school everyday

27、.(2)短語動(dòng)詞+從句He always thinks of how he can study English well.(3)及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+賓語從句I told him that I was ill.He explained to me why he didnt come.Please tell me which book is yours.(4)be+形容詞+從句常用形容詞：glad happy sorry sure afraid surprisedIm afraid (that )he wont win the game.Im very glad that you have com

28、e.(5)動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞+從句I thought it difficult that the building was set up in three months.Parents believe it necessary (that) children should be well educated.(6)動(dòng)詞+不定式+從句He wants to know who has broken the window.賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)的一致性A. 當(dāng)主句為證動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)The teacher knows that I m ill.The teacher knows that I was

29、ill yesterday.He has heard that I will go there.Ill tell you why I asked you to come.B.當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)He asked me when Tom arrived.I saw that he was swimming at that time.He said he was going to Beijing that week.He told us that he had already written many books. 如果賓語從句中所說明的是客觀真理則仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)The teacher told us

30、that the earth moves around the sun.直接引語與間接引語句式結(jié)構(gòu)變化直接引語間接引語陳述句say to+間接賓語+that+從句tell+間接賓語+that+從句一般疑問句ask whether/if+陳述語序選擇疑問句ask+whether/if+陳述語序+or/or not特殊疑問句ask+疑問詞+陳述語序祈使句ask/tell/order+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)狀語（時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)）的變化直接引語間接引語todaythat da

31、y now then yesterdaythe day beforelast nightthe night beforelast weekthe week beforeagobeforetomorrowthe next dayyesterday eveningthe evening beforeheretherenextthe next year人稱及指示代詞的變化 引語人稱及指示代詞直接引語間接引語人稱變化第一人稱第三人稱第二人稱第一或第三人稱第三人稱不變指示代詞thisthatthesethoseHe said , “I dont like this pen”.He said that h

32、e didnt like that pen.He asked me , “Is she sleeping now?”He asked me whether/if she was sleeping then.He asked , “How long are you lived here?”He asked how long I had lived there.She said , “Will you go to Shanghai or Beijing this month?”She asked whether I would go to Shanghai or Beijing that mont

33、h.His mother said to him , “Dont smoke!” His mother told him not to smoke.He said , “Can you play piano , Tom?”He asked Tom whether he could play the piano.She said , “I have already finished my work.”She said that when had already finished her work.若從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)并且敘述的是客觀真理，時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。She said, “The earth i

34、s round.”She said that the earth is round.當(dāng)從句是一般過去時(shí)，并且有具體確定的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。He said, “I was born in 1970.”He said that he was born in 1970. 3、狀語從句（1）時(shí)間狀語從句 常用從屬連接詞：when while after as soon as since till/until I was watching TV when they knocked the door. You should turn off the light before you

35、leave. Ill tell her it as soon as I see her. I have lived in this home since I came here. I cant leave until he comes back.when , while 和as的用法區(qū)別 We were playing basketball when it rained.When he called , I was eating. I was listening to the tape while my mother was cooking.We talked as we walked alo

36、ng. (2)原因狀語從句 常用從屬連接詞有：because asHe didnt attend the meeting because he was ill yesterday.As it was hot , we went swimming in the sea.(3)條件狀語從句 常用從屬連接詞有：if unless Well go fishing if it doesnt. You cant drive well unless you work hard.在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，常用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。 Ill tell you when he arrives. If

37、you goes to do some shopping , I shall go with you.(4)比較狀語從句 常用從屬連接詞有：as as not as/soas morethan(5) 讓步狀語從句 常用從屬連接有：though/although even ifAlthough she is very young , she studies well.Even if it rained , we would go there.though/although還有和but出現(xiàn)在同句子中。 ( x)Though it was raining, but he went out. ()Th

38、ough it was raining , he went out.(6)目的狀語從句 從屬連接詞有：so that in order that He got up early yesterday so that he could catch the early bus. He studies very hard in order that he can catch up with his classmates earlier.（7）結(jié)果狀語從句 常用從屬連接詞有：such a /anthat so that The old man caught such a bad cold that he coughed day and night. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it up.自 我 檢 測(cè)一、將下列兩部分變成賓語從句 1. You were i