初中英語八大時態(tài)課件

1、初中英語八大時態(tài)初中英語八大時態(tài)Review of TensesReview of Tenses1、The Simple Present Tense 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài) 教學(xué)重、難點教學(xué)重、難點一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時n表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) n常與常與every day , on Sundays, sometimes , often ，usually ,always,等連用等連用n結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) ： 1、主語、主語+動詞原形動詞原形+其他其他nEg. n I have a meeting on Sundays .n They visit their parents on

2、ce a month.注注: 主語(三單)+ 動詞(第三人稱單數(shù)形式)+其他 Eg.She likes it very much.1)She usually goes to school at 7 oclock every morning. 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式 在動詞后+s在以s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的動詞+es以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞， 先變y 為i，再加es 特殊 have-has 等 helpguessflymake leavefixswimknow playclosegostudygetread bring watch寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式carry do washvisi

3、t exercise enjoy jump havesiesessessssessiesssshasesssesssesiess一般現(xiàn)在時否定式 be + not dont do / doesnt do1.Be 動詞的否定式動詞的否定式: be + notI am a teacher. You are a workerShe is a doctorWe are friends.Im not a teacherYou arent a workerShe isnt a doctor.We arent friends.is not=isntare not=arent 否定句2.當(dāng)主語是單數(shù)第三人稱時

4、，當(dāng)主語是單數(shù)第三人稱時，它與助動詞它與助動詞Does有關(guān)，但是有關(guān)，但是動詞謂語一定要恢復(fù)為動詞謂語一定要恢復(fù)為原形原形。當(dāng)主語是其他人稱時，它與當(dāng)主語是其他人稱時，它與助動詞助動詞Do有關(guān)。有關(guān)。I like English.She likes it very much.We go to work by bike.I dont like English.She doesnt like it very much.We dont go to work by bike.否定句概念：用概念：用 yes 或或 no 來回答的疑問句叫做一般疑問句。來回答的疑問句叫做一般疑問句。一般疑問句句首的第一個詞

5、一般讀得比較重。一般疑問句句首的第一個詞一般讀得比較重。III一般疑問句一般疑問句1.對于對于be 動詞，疑問句要求把動詞，疑問句要求把be 提前，提前，第一人稱變成第二人稱。第一人稱變成第二人稱。疑疑問問句句I am a teacher.Are you a teacher?You are a worker.Are you a worker?He is a student.Is he a student?We are friends.Are you friends?2.對于實意動詞，疑問句要求是：當(dāng)主對于實意動詞，疑問句要求是：當(dāng)主語是他語是他(he)，她，她(she)，它，它(it)時，句子

6、前時，句子前面加面加does，并把動詞恢復(fù)原形；當(dāng)主語，并把動詞恢復(fù)原形；當(dāng)主語是其他人稱時，句前加是其他人稱時，句前加do ，第一人稱，第一人稱(I/we) 換第二人稱換第二人稱(you)。I often go there.You like the music.He goes to work by bus .We /You/They like it.Do you often go there ?Do you like the music.?Does he go to work by bus ?Do you/they like it?1.He has a meeting on Sundays

7、.2.He goes to school at seven in the morning .3.My father and mother go out for lunch on Sundays.4.We do our homework after school. 把下列句子改為一般疑問句把下列句子改為一般疑問句Does he have a meeting on Sundays ?Does he go to school at seven in the morning?Do your father and mother go out for lunch on Sundays ?Do you do

8、 your homework after school ?exercise把下列句子改為否定句1.My father has an egg for breakfast .2.Li Lei does his homework after school.3.We do our homework at home.4.They have a meeting every morning .My father doesnt have an egg for breakfast .Li Lei doesnt do his homework after school.We dont do our homewor

9、k at home .They dont have a meeting every morning .1.We often _ (play) in the playground.2. He _ (get) up at six oclock.3. _ you _ (brush) your teeth every morning? 4.What _ he usually_ (do) after school?5.Danny_ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6.Mike sometimes _(go) to th

10、e park with his sister.7.She _ (watch) TV with his parents every evening.8._ Mike _(read) English every day? 用所給動詞的正確形式及助動詞填空playgetsDo brushdoes dostudiesgoeswatchesDoes read 2、一般過去時一般過去時The Simple Present Tense教學(xué)重、難點教學(xué)重、難點一般過去時一般過去時指動作發(fā)生在一般過去時指動作發(fā)生在過去過去有時候會有例如有時候會有例如yesterday, last year等表等表示示 過去時間

11、的標(biāo)志過去時間的標(biāo)志一般過去時主要要注意一般過去時主要要注意動詞動詞的變化的變化be動詞和實意動詞動詞和實意動詞含有be動詞的一般過去式nShe is in Beijing.nShe was in Beijing .nI am a student.nI was a student.nWe are friends.nWe were friends. 含有含有be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時變一般過去時動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時變一般過去時,把把is和和am改成改成was,把把a(bǔ)re改成改成were練習(xí)練習(xí):1. She is a teacher. She _a teacher.2. They are from Jap

12、an. They _ from Japan. I am very tired. I _ very tired. He is too young to go to school. He _too young to go to school. 5. You are late for school. You _late for school. waswerewaswaswere不含不含be動詞的一般過去時動詞的一般過去時 不含不含be動詞的句子改寫成一般過去時，動詞的句子改寫成一般過去時，把句子中的把句子中的動詞動詞改為改為過去式過去式形式。通常有形式。通常有五種寫法。五種寫法。I work in

13、this city.I worked in this city last year.They live in Shanghai .They lived in Shanghai last year.動詞過去式的寫法：動詞過去式的寫法：一般情況，一般情況，在動詞末尾在動詞末尾加加ed動詞以動詞以e結(jié)尾的，直接在詞尾加結(jié)尾的，直接在詞尾加d3、 輔音加輔音加y結(jié)尾，變結(jié)尾，變y為為i加加ed I study in Beijing. I studied in Beijing .Study,copyCry ,fly 4、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫詞尾字母加雙寫詞尾字母加ed she stops

14、. she stopped.5 、特殊、特殊 I go to school by bike every day. I went to school by bike yesterday.例如：例如：have/hashad, go-went, eat-ate, say-said thinkthought, come-came不規(guī)則動詞練習(xí)nI think you are right.nI thought you were right.nShe eats an apple every week.nShe ate an apple an hour ago.3、一般將來時一般將來時The Future

15、Simple Tense 教學(xué)重、難點教學(xué)重、難點一般將來時一般將來時相對于講話時間相對于講話時間將要發(fā)生將要發(fā)生的動作或情的動作或情況況2.時間狀語時間狀語（判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）：（判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）：ntomorrow 明天明天nnext week 下周下周nthe day after tomorrow 后天后天nsoon 不久不久nin the future 在將來在將來nin+一段時間一段時間 多久之后才多久之后才. The Future Simple Tense 1.will+動詞原形動詞原形 (I /we shall)2.be going to+動詞原形動詞原形3.be+v-ing4.一般現(xiàn)在時表將

16、來一般現(xiàn)在時表將來結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)1.will/shallv原形原形表示一個將來的動作或狀態(tài)，表示一個將來的動作或狀態(tài)，“要要,會會”Eg. 1) She will go to the park tomorrow. 2) I will return home as soon as I finish my task.2、be going to + v原形原形表示打算做某事表示打算做某事表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。- What _do this evening?- I am going to do my lessons. 看那些烏云要下雨了看那些烏云要下雨了.

17、Loot at the dark clouds. It _rain. is going toare you going ton3. be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take off等等動詞動詞可用可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示表示安排安排和計劃或即將發(fā)生和計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作的動作。n我們明天動身去青島我們明天動身去青島.nWere leaving for Qingdao. 6.表示與表示與生日生日,日歷日歷,課時安排或交通時刻表課時安排或交通時刻表有關(guān)的有關(guān)的動作動作(一種規(guī)律一種規(guī)律) ，用，用一般現(xiàn)在時一

18、般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時態(tài)表示將來時態(tài)n 常用于轉(zhuǎn)移動詞如常用于轉(zhuǎn)移動詞如： ( begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close ）Eg. 1、The evening class begins at 19:00. 2、The train starts at two.If 條件句條件句中，動詞用中，動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時表表將來。將來。nIf we hurry, we may catch the bus.如果我們快點的話，我們也許會趕上公交車 If it rains tomorrow, the travel wil

19、l be canceled.如果明天下雨的話，旅游將取消。1. What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go Exercise:2. My younger brother _be 15 years o

20、ld next year. A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should 1. The agreement _ come into force next year. Im not feeling well, and I _ go to see a doctor. If you_ _(dont pass) the exam, you will be criticized by your parents.willwilldont pass5.How _ you _ spend your holiday? Ive decided to repaint this

21、room. Oh, have you? What colour _ you _ paint it? The weather is so nice and I am going to sit in the garden. Thats a good idea. I _ join you.willaregoing toaregoing to4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時Review of the Present Continuous Tense教學(xué)重、難點：教學(xué)重、難點：知識要點：知識要點：一一.現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行進(jìn)行時的定義時的定義: 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時是表示現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時是表示現(xiàn)在、說話瞬間或當(dāng)前一直在、說話瞬間或

22、當(dāng)前一直正在做著的動作正在做著的動作.Eg: 1. Jenny is watching TV now. 2.I am writing.五五.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的判斷：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的判斷：（1）一般句中用到表示一般句中用到表示“在現(xiàn)在在現(xiàn)在”的時間狀語，的時間狀語，如：如：now, right now, at the moment 或或Its+幾點幾點鐘鐘”句型，常判斷用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。句型，常判斷用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。Eg:Lets go fast .Mr. Wu is waiting for us now.Its six oclock.The children are playing basketball.n(2

23、)句中用到句中用到“Listen！” “Look!” “Keep quiet” “Dont make noise!”等提示語時，表明說話間另一個動作等提示語時，表明說話間另一個動作正在進(jìn)行，這時，句子也要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)正在進(jìn)行，這時，句子也要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。行時。nEg: Keep quiet ! The teachers are talking in the office. She readisingnow.Listen! The bird is singing.二二.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的謂語結(jié)構(gòu): 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為:am/is/are +現(xiàn)在分現(xiàn)在分詞詞.A

24、m/is/are 在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時句子謂語結(jié)構(gòu)中作助在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時句子謂語結(jié)構(gòu)中作助動詞用，無詞義。動詞用，無詞義。Am/is/are的選擇運(yùn)用由句子的的選擇運(yùn)用由句子的主語人稱或數(shù)決定。主語人稱或數(shù)決定。A: I am watching TV at home.B: Dave is cleaning the floor.C: The students are seeing a movie.2.將現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r，在將現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r，在be動詞后面加上動詞后面加上not. nEg: Steve is talking to his teacher.nThe children a

25、re eating some apples at my home. -Steve isnt talking to his teacher.-The children arent eating any apples at my home.四四.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的形式轉(zhuǎn)換：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的形式轉(zhuǎn)換：1.將一個現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，將一個現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，將句中的將句中的is或或are提到句首提到句首。Eg: Steve is talking to his teacher . I am singing. -Is Steve talking to his teacher?-Are

26、 you singing?Talk about the people in the picture.nWhats he doing?nHes reading.* What are they doing?*They are playing basketball. 5、過去進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時Review of the Past Continuous Tense教學(xué)重、難點：教學(xué)重、難點：過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時n過去進(jìn)行時的用法與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時相仿，表示過去某時刻或階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。 結(jié)構(gòu)：be（過去式）+v.ingEg. I was reading a novel when you called.你打

27、電話時我正在看一本小說。exercisenDanny _ _(watch) TV, when you sang.nI _ _ _ _(play computer game) at this time yesterday.was watchingwas playing computer game6、將來進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時n表示將來某時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。 結(jié)構(gòu)：will / shall +be+v.ingEg. We will be having dinner in a minute. 一會兒我們就吃飯。 Danny will be playing football an hour later. D

28、anny 一會兒將會在打球。Have a try試一試:nHe_ (watch) TV now.nI _(swim) at this time yesterday.nShe _(see) the sunrise at the top of the mountain this time tomorrow.is watchingwas swimmingwill be seeingTranslate翻譯n他們一會兒就開會。 They will be having a meeting. n我一會兒就洗衣服。 I will be washing clothes.7、 The Present Perfec

29、t Tense現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時教學(xué)重、難點：教學(xué)重、難點：現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時表示現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生過去發(fā)生或或已經(jīng)完成已經(jīng)完成的某的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果影響或結(jié)果.通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語連用。等狀語連用。現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)n助動詞助動詞have (has) + V過去分詞過去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他用于其他所有人稱。所有人稱。否定句否定句：have/has+ n

30、ot +V過去分詞過去分詞Eg. He has never heard of that before. I have worked here for 20 years. She has already finished the work.My aunt havent lived in China for 3 years.2.現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時間狀語連用。續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時間狀語連用。 如如for、since 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。（等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。（注意：句中

31、謂語動詞注意：句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞）一段時間的表達(dá)方法有兩種一段時間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:for: +一段時間一段時間 for a year for two weeks for three years 過去的某一時刻過去的某一時刻, since 9 oclock since last week 一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間.Since注意點（1）：一些表示短暫性動作的動詞如come, go,

32、leave, arrive, buy, begin, start, become等不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，這些動作需用表示狀態(tài)的詞連用。I have had this coat for one year. 試比較：試比較：1） I have bought this coat for one year.轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞歸納n1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /becomehavehave a coldkeepbe2.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞名詞 join the army join the Pa

33、rty go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語介詞短語 go to school join the armybe in schoolbe in the army2) My uncle has come back for 2 days.My uncle has

34、 been back for 2 days.3) The train has left for an hour.The train has been away for an hour.4) The twin brothers have joined the army for 2 years.The twin brothers have been in the army for 2 years.注意點（2）nhave been to 與have gone to 的區(qū)別。 have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地曾經(jīng)到過某地”，說話時，說話時此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)

35、歷。此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去某地了已經(jīng)去某地了”，說，說話時此人可能在路上或已到那里話時此人可能在路上或已到那里. He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。他曾去過北京。 （人已回來，可能在這兒）（人已回來，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去北京了。他已經(jīng)去北京了。 （人已走，不在這兒）。（人已走，不在這兒）。n一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作動作，和現(xiàn)在不，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)

36、系。而現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是的是現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的情況。情況。n I saw this film yesterday. （只說明動作發(fā)生在過去。）（只說明動作發(fā)生在過去。）n I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） n She has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來了。）（她已從巴黎回來了。）n She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來的。）（她

37、是昨天回來的。）n He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))n He joined the League three years ago.n ( 三年前入團(tuán)，三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。為短暫行為。)n注意：注意：句子中如有一般過去時的時間副詞句子中如有一般過去時的時間副詞（如（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時，）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。例如：不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。例如：n（錯錯）Tom has written a letter to his p

38、arents last night.n（對對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. ( ) 1. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch( )2. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live( )3. His grandma _ for t

39、wo years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead BBD( )4. Where is Han Mei now? She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone( )5. _ you _to the United Stated ? No, never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did;

40、go D. Do; go( )6. How long have you _ the football team of the school?A. played B. been at C. joined D been on AAD( )7. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone( )8. How long have you _ this book?A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent( )9. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night.A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have,