人教課標(biāo)高一必修4Unit1

1、單單詞詞名名詞詞以以-tion結(jié)尾：結(jié)尾：connection, organization, observation, generation, consideration以以-ment結(jié)尾：結(jié)尾：achievement, argument, entertainment以以-ness結(jié)尾：結(jié)尾：sickness, kindness其它：其它：project, institute, campaign, shade, nest, rate, emergency, audience, crowd, specialist, support, behaviour, childhood, welfare,

2、bond單單詞詞動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞behave, observe, deliver, argue, inspire, support, intend, respect, refer形形容容詞詞worthwhile, outspoken, considerate, modest短短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)詞匯詞匯表表move off, lead a . life, crowd in, look down upon / on, refer to, by chance, come across, carry on課文課文中中fight for, drive . out of, put . to death, concern on

3、eself with, devote . to, as . as possible, work out, care for, free from, be placed second to, later on, find out, make sure, be intended for句句式式“only +狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首，主句用位于句首，主句用部分倒裝部分倒裝e.g. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法法主謂一致主

4、謂一致1. _ n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng); 戰(zhàn)役戰(zhàn)役 vi. 作戰(zhàn)作戰(zhàn); 參加運(yùn)動(dòng)參加運(yùn)動(dòng)2. _ n. 陰涼處陰涼處 vt.遮住光線遮住光線3. _ adj. 值得的值得的; 值得做的值得做的4. _ n. 人群人群; 觀眾觀眾 vt. 擠滿擠滿; 使擁擠使擁擠5. _ vt. 鼓舞鼓舞; 激發(fā)激發(fā); 啟示啟示campaignshadeworthwhilecrowdinspire（一）基本單詞（一）基本單詞6. _ n. & vt. 支持；擁護(hù)支持；擁護(hù)7. _ vt. 打算；計(jì)劃打算；計(jì)劃8. _ n. 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況突發(fā)事件；緊急情況9. _ vt. 遞送；生遞送；生(孩子孩子)； 接

5、生；發(fā)表接生；發(fā)表 (演說(shuō)等演說(shuō)等)10. _ n. 成就；完成；達(dá)到成就；完成；達(dá)到 11. _ n. 福利福利12. _ n. 計(jì)劃；工程；項(xiàng)目；課題計(jì)劃；工程；項(xiàng)目；課題13. _ n. 學(xué)院；學(xué)會(huì)；協(xié)會(huì)學(xué)院；學(xué)會(huì)；協(xié)會(huì)14. _ n. 專家專家supportintendemergencydeliverachievementwelfareprojectinstitutespecialist15. _ n. 巢穴巢穴 v. 筑巢筑巢16. _ n. 童年童年17. _ adj. 直言無(wú)諱的；坦率的直言無(wú)諱的；坦率的18. _ n. 娛樂(lè)娛樂(lè)19. _ n. 聽眾；觀眾；讀者聽眾；觀眾；讀者

6、20. _ n. 比率；等級(jí)比率；等級(jí)21. _ n. 代；產(chǎn)生代；產(chǎn)生22. _ n. 仁慈；好意仁慈；好意23. _ adj. 謙虛的謙虛的nestchildhoodoutspokenentertainmentaudiencerategenerationkindnessmodest1. _ v. 舉動(dòng)舉動(dòng); (舉止或行為舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)表現(xiàn) _ n. 行為行為; 舉止舉止; 習(xí)性習(xí)性2. _ vt. 觀察觀察; 觀測(cè)觀測(cè); 遵守遵守 _ n. 觀察觀察; 觀測(cè)觀測(cè)3. _ vt.& n. 尊敬尊敬; 尊重尊重; 敬意敬意_ adj. 體面的體面的; 值得尊敬的值得尊敬的_ adj.

7、 尊敬的尊敬的 behavebehaviorobserveobservationrespectrespectablerespectful（二）派生單詞（二）派生單詞4. _ vt.& vi. 討論討論; 辯論辯論; 爭(zhēng)論爭(zhēng)論 _ n. 爭(zhēng)論爭(zhēng)論; 爭(zhēng)辯爭(zhēng)辯; 爭(zhēng)吵爭(zhēng)吵5. _ adj. 考慮周到的考慮周到的_ n. 考慮考慮; 體諒體諒6. _ v. 聯(lián)系聯(lián)系; 關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)聯(lián); 連接連接 _ n.聯(lián)系聯(lián)系; 關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)聯(lián); 連接連接argueargumentconsiderateconsiderationconnectconnection1. 離開離開; 起程起程; 出發(fā)出發(fā) 2. 過(guò)著過(guò)著的

8、生活的生活 3. (想法想法, 問(wèn)題等問(wèn)題等) 涌上心頭涌上心頭4. 蔑視蔑視; 瞧不起瞧不起5. 查閱查閱;參考參考;談到談到6. 碰巧碰巧; 湊巧湊巧7. (偶然偶然)遇見遇見; 碰見碰見8. 專為專為而設(shè)計(jì)而設(shè)計(jì)9. 繼續(xù)繼續(xù); 堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持move offlead a . lifecrowd inlook down on/uponrefer toby chancecome acrossbe intended forcarry on1. Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratorie

9、s. once conj. 一一就就2. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. it hits sb. that 某人突然想起某人突然想起3. I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. not until 直到直到才才1. behave vt. &

10、vi. 舉動(dòng)舉動(dòng); (舉止或行為舉止或行為) 表現(xiàn)表現(xiàn) 課文原句課文原句 Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 簡(jiǎn)研究這些黑猩猩已經(jīng)很多年了，她幫簡(jiǎn)研究這些黑猩猩已經(jīng)很多年了，她幫助人們了解它們的行為跟人類的是多么助人們了解它們的行為跟人類的是多么的相似。的相似。歸納歸納behave well / badly towards sb. 對(duì)某人態(tài)度好對(duì)某人態(tài)度好/惡劣惡劣behave oneself

11、 表現(xiàn)得體，有禮貌表現(xiàn)得體，有禮貌 Do behave! 規(guī)矩點(diǎn)！規(guī)矩點(diǎn)！wellbehaved/badlybehaved 表現(xiàn)好表現(xiàn)好/ 差的差的behave as if / as though . 表現(xiàn)得好像表現(xiàn)得好像拓展拓展behaviour n. 行為，舉止，習(xí)性行為，舉止，習(xí)性翻譯下列句子翻譯下列句子。1) 我不在家時(shí)，你們要乖乖的。我不在家時(shí)，你們要乖乖的。2) 湯姆由于在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)良好，贏得了一份獎(jiǎng)湯姆由于在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)良好，贏得了一份獎(jiǎng)品。品。I want you to behave yourselves while Im away.Tom won a prize because h

12、e behaved well in school.2. worthwhile adj. 值得做的；值得的；值得做的；值得的； 有價(jià)值的有價(jià)值的 課文原句課文原句 However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 但這個(gè)傍晚讓我們覺(jué)得這一切都是值得的。但這個(gè)傍晚讓我們覺(jué)得這一切都是值得的。 歸納歸納 It is worthwhile to do / doing sth. 做某事是值得的做某事是值得的 均可表示均可表示“值得的值得的”之意：之意：worthwhile可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。e.g. It was worthwh

13、ile searching for his “roots”. （作表語(yǔ)）（作表語(yǔ)） I think it is a worthwhile experiment. （作定語(yǔ)）（作定語(yǔ)） Id think it well worthwhile to go. （作（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）worthwhile worth worthyworth可用作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)，后常接名詞、可用作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)，后常接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式（必須用主動(dòng)形式）和形式（必須用主動(dòng)形式）和what從句。從句。worthy可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)意思為意思為“有價(jià)值的

14、有價(jià)值的”、“值得尊敬的值得尊敬的”；用；用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)意思為作表語(yǔ)時(shí)意思為“值得的值得的”，其后常跟，其后常跟of sth. 或動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞不定式。用用worth / worthy / worthwhile填空。填空。1) Her achievements are _ of the highest praise.2) Its not _ getting angry with him.3) He said he was not _ to accept such honour.4) Thank you for making my visit so _. I shall treasure your

15、 friendship and kind hospitality you have given me. worthy worth / worthwhile worthy worthwhile3. observe vt. 觀察觀察; 觀測(cè)觀測(cè); 遵守遵守; 慶祝慶祝 課文原句課文原句She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的時(shí)間來(lái)觀察并記錄它們的她花了多年的時(shí)間來(lái)觀察并記錄它們的日?；顒?dòng)。日?；顒?dòng)。 歸納歸納 observe sth. 觀察某物觀察某物 observe sb. do sth 觀察某人

16、做某事（全過(guò)程）觀察某人做某事（全過(guò)程）observe sb. doing sth.觀察某人正在做某事觀察某人正在做某事observe that. 觀察到觀察到.拓展拓展observer n. 觀察者；旁聽者；評(píng)論員觀察者；旁聽者；評(píng)論員observation n. 觀察，評(píng)論觀察，評(píng)論observatory n. 天文臺(tái)，氣象臺(tái)天文臺(tái)，氣象臺(tái)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用observe的適當(dāng)形式將下的適當(dāng)形式將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整列句子補(bǔ)充完整。1) You should _ （遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗）（遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗）when you go abroad.2) All of us _ (看到他進(jìn)了教

17、室看到他進(jìn)了教室) with a book in his hand.observe the local customsobserved him enter the classroom4. respect vt.& n. 尊敬尊敬; 尊重尊重; 敬意敬意; 方面方面 課文原句課文原句 For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. 40年來(lái)，簡(jiǎn)年來(lái)，簡(jiǎn).古道爾一直呼吁世人了

18、解并古道爾一直呼吁世人了解并尊重這些動(dòng)物的生活。尊重這些動(dòng)物的生活。歸納歸納respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人因某事而尊重某人be respected as 作為作為被尊敬被尊敬respect oneself 自尊自尊; 自重自重show respect for. 尊重尊重in respect of = with respect to 就就而言而言; 關(guān)于關(guān)于; 至于至于give/send ones respect to sb.向某人表示敬意向某人表示敬意拓展拓展 respectful adj. 表示敬意的，尊敬的；表示敬意的，尊敬的；respectable adj.

19、體面的，值得尊敬的；體面的，值得尊敬的；respected adj. 受尊敬的，受敬重的受尊敬的，受敬重的 have respect for have respect to前者表示前者表示“尊敬，尊重尊敬，尊重”，可接指人或事物，可接指人或事物的的詞；詞；后者表示后者表示“注意，考慮注意，考慮”, 多接指事物的詞。多接指事物的詞。e.g. You should have more respect for her feelings. 你必須多尊重她的感情。你必須多尊重她的感情。 He had a great respect for those famous writers. 他非常敬重那些著名作

20、家。他非常敬重那些著名作家。 He had no respect to my request. 他不顧我的請(qǐng)求。他不顧我的請(qǐng)求。 in respect of in (with) respect to前者意思是前者意思是“就就而論而論”; 后者意思是后者意思是“關(guān)于，至于關(guān)于，至于”。e.g. Mr. Smith is senior to me in respect of service. 在職務(wù)上，史密斯先生要比我高。在職務(wù)上，史密斯先生要比我高。 We must have a talk in (with) respect to their dispute. 關(guān)于他們的糾葛，我們有必要談一談。

21、關(guān)于他們的糾葛，我們有必要談一談。5. argue vi. &vt. 討論討論; 爭(zhēng)論爭(zhēng)論; 說(shuō)服說(shuō)服 課文原句課文原句 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisement. 她爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)野生動(dòng)物應(yīng)該呆在野外，而不她爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)野生動(dòng)物應(yīng)該呆在野外，而不是用來(lái)當(dāng)作娛樂(lè)和廣告。是用來(lái)當(dāng)作娛樂(lè)和廣告。歸納歸納 argue for 為為而爭(zhēng)論而爭(zhēng)論; 為為而辯護(hù)而辯護(hù) argue against 爭(zhēng)辯爭(zhēng)辯 (反對(duì)反對(duì))argue with

22、sb. on/ about/ over sth.與某人爭(zhēng)辯某事與某人爭(zhēng)辯某事argue sb. into/ out of doing sth. 說(shuō)服某人做說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事不做某事beyond arguement 無(wú)需爭(zhēng)論無(wú)需爭(zhēng)論argue that 提出理由說(shuō)明提出理由說(shuō)明漢譯英漢譯英。1) 和他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)有用。和他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)有用。2) 他父母說(shuō)服他不要進(jìn)行如此危險(xiǎn)的旅行。他父母說(shuō)服他不要進(jìn)行如此危險(xiǎn)的旅行。3) 他贊成這種政策。他贊成這種政策。Its no use arguing with him.His parents argued him out of going on such a dan

23、gerous journey.He argued for such a policy. argue/quarrel/debate/disput/discussargue: 提出理由或證據(jù)為自己或自己一方的看提出理由或證據(jù)為自己或自己一方的看法或立場(chǎng)辯護(hù)，著重說(shuō)理、論證和企圖說(shuō)服。法或立場(chǎng)辯護(hù)，著重說(shuō)理、論證和企圖說(shuō)服。quarrel: 兩人之間或兩個(gè)團(tuán)體之間不友好的、兩人之間或兩個(gè)團(tuán)體之間不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大聲爭(zhēng)論某事，尤指吵吵嚷嚷地大聲爭(zhēng)論某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵吵嘴、吵架架”。debate: 意見等對(duì)立的雙方之間公開的爭(zhēng)辯。意見等對(duì)立的雙方之間公開的爭(zhēng)辯。dispute: 對(duì)分歧進(jìn)行熱烈的爭(zhēng)

24、辯，帶一定感情對(duì)分歧進(jìn)行熱烈的爭(zhēng)辯，帶一定感情色彩，色彩，“各持已見，爭(zhēng)論不休各持已見，爭(zhēng)論不休”。discuss: 常用詞，就某一問(wèn)題表明觀點(diǎn)、看法常用詞，就某一問(wèn)題表明觀點(diǎn)、看法等，以便統(tǒng)一認(rèn)識(shí)，解決問(wèn)題。等，以便統(tǒng)一認(rèn)識(shí)，解決問(wèn)題。6. support n.& v. 贊同贊同; 支持支持; 擁護(hù)擁護(hù); 撐起撐起(某某 物物); 資助資助; 幫助幫助; 養(yǎng)活養(yǎng)活; 維持維持 歸納歸納 in support of 為了支持為了支持 with ones support 在某人的支持下在某人的支持下 give/offer/provide support to sb. 支持某人支持某人 s

25、upport . against . 支持支持反對(duì)反對(duì) support oneself by 靠靠維持生活維持生活 support in 在在方面給予支方面給予支用用support翻譯下列句子翻譯下列句子。1) 她的家人支持她的決定。她的家人支持她的決定。2) 他努力工作以養(yǎng)活他龐大的家庭。他努力工作以養(yǎng)活他龐大的家庭。3) 我的英語(yǔ)老師一直都關(guān)愛我、支持我。我的英語(yǔ)老師一直都關(guān)愛我、支持我。4) 我想說(shuō)一兩句話來(lái)支持他的觀點(diǎn)。我想說(shuō)一兩句話來(lái)支持他的觀點(diǎn)。Her family supported her (in her) decision. He works hard to support

26、his big family. My English teacher always gives me care and support.I would like to say a word or two in support of his views.7. intend vt. 計(jì)劃計(jì)劃; 打算打算 課文原句課文原句 I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. 我仔細(xì)地看了這篇文章，了解到那是一我仔細(xì)地看了這篇文章，了解到那是一專門為農(nóng)村婦女寫的。專

27、門為農(nóng)村婦女寫的。歸納歸納intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事打算讓某人做某事intend to do sth. 打算做某事打算做某事intend doing 打算做某事打算做某事intend sb. / sth for 想讓想讓.從事某事從事某事intend that . 打算打算.had intended to do sth.=intended to have done sth.過(guò)去本打算做過(guò)去本打算做be intended for 打算供打算供之用之用 根據(jù)中英文提示完成下列句子根據(jù)中英文提示完成下列句子。 1) 我打算暑假期間在一個(gè)環(huán)保組織做志愿我打算暑假期間在

28、一個(gè)環(huán)保組織做志愿 者。者。 I _ as a volunteer in an environmental protection organization during the summer holidays.2) 我原打算昨晚去拜訪你，但來(lái)了一位不我原打算昨晚去拜訪你，但來(lái)了一位不速之客。速之客。 I _ last night, but an unexpected visitor came. intend working / to work had intended to call on you 3) 這本書是為年輕人寫的，卻深受老年人這本書是為年輕人寫的，卻深受老年人的歡迎。的歡迎。 Th

29、is book, which _ the young, is very popular with the old. is intended for intend, design, planintend在心中已有確定的目標(biāo)或計(jì)劃，在心中已有確定的目標(biāo)或計(jì)劃，“盤算盤算, 意想意想”，比，比plan的語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。的語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。design為達(dá)到某種特定的目的而周密精為達(dá)到某種特定的目的而周密精心地心地“計(jì)劃計(jì)劃, 籌劃籌劃”, 偏重于目的性、周偏重于目的性、周密性和細(xì)致性。密性和細(xì)致性。plan是最普通常用的詞，表示是最普通常用的詞，表示“計(jì)劃，計(jì)劃，想要做想要做”，不像，不像design那樣含有精心周那

30、樣含有精心周密地密地“策劃策劃”的意思，與的意思，與want意思接近。意思接近。8. deliver v. 投遞投遞; 發(fā)表發(fā)表; 接生接生; 生小孩生小孩 (被動(dòng)被動(dòng))課文原句課文原句 There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a days work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. 數(shù)不勝數(shù)的故事都講述著林巧稚如何在勞數(shù)不勝數(shù)的故事都講述著林巧稚如何在勞累一天之后，又在深夜去為貧困家庭的產(chǎn)累

31、一天之后，又在深夜去為貧困家庭的產(chǎn)婦婦接生接生，而這些家庭是給不了她報(bào)酬的。，而這些家庭是給不了她報(bào)酬的。歸納歸納deliver sth. (to sb.) 投遞投遞/傳送某物傳送某物deliver a speech 發(fā)表演說(shuō)發(fā)表演說(shuō)be delivered of a babygive birth to a baby 生孩子生孩子deliver sb./ sth. over to sb. 把把移交給某人移交給某人根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子。1) 凱麗的孩子是由她的媽媽接生的。凱麗的孩子是由她的媽媽接生的。 Carries baby _ by her mother. 2)

32、這位教授給他的學(xué)生做了一次關(guān)于哲學(xué)的這位教授給他的學(xué)生做了一次關(guān)于哲學(xué)的演講。演講。 The professor _ on philosophy to his students. 3) 這些花將會(huì)在這些花將會(huì)在48小時(shí)內(nèi)遞送。小時(shí)內(nèi)遞送。 These flowers will _ 48 hours.was delivered delivered a speechbe delivered within1. look down upon/on 蔑視蔑視; 輕視輕視; 瞧不起瞧不起 課文原句課文原句 Many people look down upon poor people. 許多人看不起窮人。許

33、多人看不起窮人。 拓展拓展 look into 調(diào)查調(diào)查; 觀察觀察; 窺視窺視 look up 抬頭看抬頭看; 查閱查閱; 改善改善 look on 旁觀旁觀look on/upon . as. 把把看作看作look out (+for) 注意注意; 留意留意look through 瀏覽瀏覽look for 尋找尋找2. refer to 提到提到; 說(shuō)到說(shuō)到; 參考參考; 參閱參閱 課文原句課文原句 If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb. 拓展拓展 refer sth. to. 把把提交給提交給

34、refer to sb. 指的是某人指的是某人 refer to . as 把把稱為稱為 be referred to as 被稱為被稱為 in/with reference to. 關(guān)于關(guān)于翻譯下列句子翻譯下列句子。1) If you dont know what it means, refer to the dictionary.2) We agreed never to refer to the matter again.3) Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.如果你不

35、知道它的意思，查一下字典。如果你不知道它的意思，查一下字典。 我們同意再也不提那件事了。我們同意再也不提那件事了。雖然她沒(méi)有提任何名字，但是大家都知雖然她沒(méi)有提任何名字，但是大家都知道她指的是誰(shuí)。道她指的是誰(shuí)。3. come across (偶然偶然)遇見遇見;碰見碰見 課文原句課文原句 By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in womens disease. 我偶然看到了一篇文章，是關(guān)于林巧稚醫(yī)生我偶然看到了一篇文章，是關(guān)于林巧稚醫(yī)生的，她是女性疾病專家。的，她是

36、女性疾病專家。 拓展拓展 meet with (偶然偶然)遇見；碰到遇見；碰到 run into (偶然偶然)遇到遇到根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全下列句子根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全下列句子。1) I _ (碰巧找碰巧找到了這些老照片到了這些老照片) when looking for a book yesterday2) _ (無(wú)論遇到什么困難無(wú)論遇到什么困難), we should try our best to deal with them.came across these old photosNo matter what difficulties we come acrossrun a

37、cross 偶然碰見；跑著穿過(guò)偶然碰見；跑著穿過(guò)happen to meet 碰巧遇到碰巧遇到meet.by chance/accident 偶然遇到偶然遇到4. carry on 繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持課文原句課文原句 Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her book good work? 為什么不像林巧稚那樣去讀醫(yī)學(xué)院，繼續(xù)為什么不像林巧稚那樣去讀醫(yī)學(xué)院，繼續(xù)她的事業(yè)呢她的事業(yè)呢? 拓展拓展carry away 帶走帶走carry out 實(shí)行實(shí)行; 執(zhí)行執(zhí)行; 完成完成carry through

38、使渡過(guò)難關(guān)使渡過(guò)難關(guān)carry back 將將送回送回carry off 運(yùn)走運(yùn)走; 帶走帶走; 獲得獲得(獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng))I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to _ a conversation with her. (2016天津天津)A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut offA1. Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下來(lái)，所有的一切

39、都會(huì)涌上心我一旦停下來(lái)，所有的一切都會(huì)涌上心頭，我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的黑猩猩。頭，我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的黑猩猩。 once conj. 一一.就就 常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g. Once I have found somewhere to live, Ill send you my new address. 一找到住的地方我就會(huì)把我的新住址告一找到住的地方我就會(huì)把我的新住址告訴你。訴你。 Remember that you wont be able to change the contract once youve signed. 請(qǐng)記住一旦你簽了合同就不能更改了。請(qǐng)記

40、住一旦你簽了合同就不能更改了。2. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 我突然想起在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女人學(xué)醫(yī)我突然想起在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女人學(xué)醫(yī)有多么困難。有多么困難。 it hits sb. that 某人突然想起某人突然想起 e.g. It hit me that I had forgotten her birthday. 我突然想起我忘了她的生日。我突然想起我忘了她的生日。3. I did not know the answer until one

41、evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. 直到一天晚上當(dāng)我坐在電腦旁搜索中國(guó)直到一天晚上當(dāng)我坐在電腦旁搜索中國(guó)偉大女性時(shí)，我才知道答案。偉大女性時(shí)，我才知道答案。 not until 直到直到才才e.g. The farmers didnt realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish had died. 直到河里的魚都死了農(nóng)民們才意識(shí)到直到河里的魚都死了農(nóng)民們才意識(shí)到污染的嚴(yán)重性。污染的嚴(yán)重性。主謂

42、一致一般遵循以下三個(gè)原則，即主謂一致一般遵循以下三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和鄰近一致一致、意義一致和鄰近一致。 語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致是指句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法是指句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上一致，即形式上一致，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)依主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。主謂一致主謂一致1. 由由and連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)連接的名詞作主語(yǔ) and連接的連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表示不同表示不同的人或物的人或物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式。形式。 an

43、d連接的連接的兩個(gè)名詞兩個(gè)名詞，指同一個(gè)人、物指同一個(gè)人、物或概念或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。如果形式。如果是名詞，第二個(gè)名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞。是名詞，第二個(gè)名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞。 不定式、動(dòng)名詞、句子作主語(yǔ)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、句子作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。形式。 由由no.and no.，each.and each.， every.and every.，many a. and many a 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單單數(shù)數(shù)形式。形式。2. 主語(yǔ)后面主語(yǔ)后面帶了帶了as well as, rather than, like, but, except

44、, besides, with, together with, along with, including, in addition to等詞等詞(組組)連接的名詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法一致的原則，連接的名詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法一致的原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)這些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)這些詞前的主語(yǔ)詞前的主語(yǔ)來(lái)確定來(lái)確定。3. Cattle, people, police, trousers, shorts, socks, glasses, shoes, clothes等作主語(yǔ)，謂等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式。形式。 意義一致意義一致是指不依語(yǔ)法形式而側(cè)重于根是指不依語(yǔ)法形式而側(cè)重于根據(jù)實(shí)質(zhì)意義處理主謂關(guān)

45、系，據(jù)實(shí)質(zhì)意義處理主謂關(guān)系，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的實(shí)際含義確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)的實(shí)際含義確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1. 某些集體名詞某些集體名詞，如，如family, team, class, enemy, government, army, party, public, firm, company等，若等，若視為一個(gè)整體視為一個(gè)整體，則，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式；若就形式；若就其中成員其中成員而而言，則用言，則用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。2. 以以-s結(jié)尾的書名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)以及以結(jié)尾的書名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)以及以-ics結(jié)結(jié)尾的尾的學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ)學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。形式。

46、3. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、度量等的復(fù)數(shù)表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、度量等的復(fù)數(shù) 名詞作主語(yǔ)，一般被名詞作主語(yǔ)，一般被看作一個(gè)整體看作一個(gè)整體，謂，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。形式。4. “one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后的定語(yǔ)從句中謂后的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是形式，但是“the (only) one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)后的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。形式。 鄰近一致鄰近一致是指是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與它最謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與它最鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。如：。如：either . or，neither . nor,

47、not only . but also，not . but，there be .等連接等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與靠近與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致它的主語(yǔ)一致。用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式完成下面的短文。用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式完成下面的短文。I want to introduce my class to you. My class 1. _ (be) very small and there 2. _ (be) only 20 students in it. Eleven of us 3. _ (be) boys and the others 4. _ (be) girls

48、. All of us 5. _ (be) getting along well with each other. None of us 6. _ (have) quarreled with each other. Every boy and every girl 7. _ (help) each other in every subject, so nobody 8. _ (fail) in any exam. isareareareare have / hashelpsfailsOur headmaster often 9. _ (praise) us for that. Every we

49、ekend, there 10. _ (be) always a meeting and our headmaster, with five of us, 11. _ (attend) it, discussing how to make our class better. Such 12. _ (be) our class, a happy and friendly family.praisesis attends is1. The publication of Great Expectations, which _ (be) both widely reviewed and highly

50、praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist. (2017 江蘇江蘇)was【高考鏈接高考鏈接 】2. It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years of achieve. (2015 湖南湖南) A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; takeA【寫作指導(dǎo)寫作指導(dǎo)】人物介紹類文章一般采用人物介紹類文章一般采用“總總分分總

51、總”三段模式。第一段言簡(jiǎn)意賅，開門見山，三段模式。第一段言簡(jiǎn)意賅，開門見山，直奔主題，簡(jiǎn)要介紹人物身份及其成就；直奔主題，簡(jiǎn)要介紹人物身份及其成就；第二段介紹人物的主要經(jīng)歷；第三段用一第二段介紹人物的主要經(jīng)歷；第三段用一兩句話總結(jié)全文，達(dá)到首尾呼應(yīng)，起到畫兩句話總結(jié)全文，達(dá)到首尾呼應(yīng)，起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。如何介紹人物如何介紹人物人物介紹類文章人物介紹類文章寫作時(shí)態(tài)比較靈活寫作時(shí)態(tài)比較靈活,常用一常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)講述人物的事跡般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)講述人物的事跡。而評(píng)價(jià)性話。而評(píng)價(jià)性話語(yǔ)則常采用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)以便說(shuō)明所描述人物語(yǔ)則常采用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)以便說(shuō)明所描述人物的成就及其影響。的成就及其影響。【常用

52、表達(dá)常用表達(dá)】 背景：背景：. was born in / into a poor / rich family in ., when . was young, spent ones childhood in ., . 外貌：外貌：beautiful, pretty, good-looking, ordinary-looking, handsome, strong, fat, thin, . 品質(zhì)或個(gè)性：品質(zhì)或個(gè)性：kind, determined, gentle, considerate, optimistic, easy-going, warm-hearted, hard-working,

53、responsible, patient, helpful, friendly, generous, . 愛好：愛好：be good at, have a gift for, be interested in, be fond of, be crazy about, . 教育背景：教育背景：graduated from, got a(n) . degree, majored in, went abroad to further ones study . 經(jīng)歷和成就：經(jīng)歷和成就：devote oneself to, do sth. with great determination, fight

54、for, make up ones mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, try ones best to do sth., enjoy widespread popularity, win fame as, make great contributions to . 評(píng)價(jià)：評(píng)價(jià)：one of the best, most important, set a good example to, . is the pride of ., be regarded as, .I. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. Its i

55、llegal to use the fire alarm except in case of _ (emergent).2. To be a(n) _ (special) you have to get a great deal of experience in a specific field.3. It was very _ (consider) of Mr. Yamada to send his secretary some flowers on her birthday.4. Art classes help develop childrens powers of _ (observe

56、).emergencyspecialistconsiderateobservation5. After a long _ (argue), we decided where to go for our holiday.6. Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable _ (achieve) for one so young.7. Through an interpreter, she offered her thanks for Noahs gesture of _ (kind).8. Studen

57、ts often see little _ (connect) between school and the rest of their lives.argumentachievementkindnessconnectionII. 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。1. We must work _ a plan acceptable to all as quickly as we can.2. He sprang into the back seat, and the car moved _ at high speed.3. Everyone looks _ upon you,

58、 just because youve not got a job.4. Scenes of the past crowded _ upon him while he was reading her letter.outoffdownin5. This content is intended _ teachers to deliver lessons to encourage young people to think about the realities of dangerous driving.6. In her last book Emily occasionally referred _ her unhappy schooldays.fortoIII. 選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的單詞填空。選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的單詞填空。1. The lamps on either s