《分析化學(xué)（下）》教學(xué)大綱

1、分析化學(xué)(下)課程教學(xué)大綱課程代碼：09041036課程類別：大類基礎(chǔ)課程授課對象：強化班 專業(yè)開課學(xué)期：春季學(xué) 分：3學(xué)分指定教材：Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchFundamentals of Analytical ChemistryBrooks Cole; 8 edition (August 7, 2003)一、教學(xué)目的： 分析化學(xué)是化學(xué)專業(yè)類學(xué)生的主要基礎(chǔ)課之一，它的理論知識和方法不僅是分析化學(xué)研究的基礎(chǔ)，也是從事化學(xué)教育、化學(xué)、生物、地質(zhì)、環(huán)境、材料等學(xué)科工作的基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)習本課程的目

2、的，在于使學(xué)生掌握定量及儀器分析的基本原理、基礎(chǔ)知識和基本操作，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生實事求是的科學(xué)態(tài)度，建立起嚴格的“量”的概念，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有從事相關(guān)的理論研究與實際應(yīng)用能力。二、課程內(nèi)容Chapter 13 Introduction on Chromatography課時：1周，共3課時Content13.1 chromatographic methods and classificationTeaching Outline: History and development; stationary phase and mobile phase; classification; 13.2 chromato

3、gram and NomenclatureTeaching Outline: Basic concepts, baseline, dead time, retention time, retention volume, adjusted values, peak width; information obtained from a chromatogram13.3 basic principles for chromatographyTeaching Outline: Distribution process and distribution constant; capacity factor

4、/retention factor; selectivity factors; related retention value; basic retention equation; plate theory, plate number and plate height; rate theory; separation resolution; basic separation equationChapter 14 Gas Chromatography課時：2周，共4課時Content14.1 Instrumentation of gas chromatographyTeaching Outlin

5、e: The construction, four subsystems: carrier gas, sample injection system, columns and temperature control system; programmed temperature control14.2 Detectors for gas chromatographyTeaching Outline: Classification of detectors; standard for a good detector; thermal conductivity detector; flame ion

6、ization detector; electrode capture detector and flame photometery detector, their properties and applications14.3 Packed column gas chromatographyTeaching Outline: Classification of stationary phase; Kovats constants; McReynolds constants; widely used stationary phases; bonded and cross-linked stat

7、ionary phases; basic principle for chiral separation;14.4 Open tubular chromatographyTeaching Outline: The advantages and disadvantages of open tubular columns; classification of open tubular columns; wall-coated open tubular column and porous-layer open tubular column; comparison with packed column

8、s14.5 Qualitative and quantitative analysisTeaching Outline: Qualitative analysis, by retention value, GC-MS; quantitative analysis, peak area, internal standard; standard calibration curve14.6 Application of gas chromatographyTeaching Outline: Same examples of the applicationChapter 15 High Perform

9、ance Liquid Chromatography and Supercritical Fluidic Chromatography課時：2周，共4課時Content15.1 Mobile and stationary phase in liquid chromatographyTeaching Outline: Effect of particle size of packing; requirement on mobile phases15.2 Instrumentation of liquid chromatographyTeaching Outline: Construction o

10、f the instrument; commonly used detectors, ultraviolet detector, fluorescence detector, refractive index detector and electrochemical detector15.3 Liquid-solid chromatographyTeaching Outline: The basic principles; commonly used stationary phase and mobile phase;15.4 Bonded-phase chromatographyTeachi

11、ng Outline: Preparations of bonded-phase columns; Normal- and reverse-phase packing, properties and applications; 15.5 Ion-exchange chromatographyTeaching Outline: Basic principle of ion-exchange chromatography; stationary phase and mobile phase; the instrumentation and process; 15.6 size-exclusion

12、chromatographyTeaching Outline: Basic principle of size-exclusion chromatography;,; gel filtration chromatography and gel permeation chromatography;, the stationary and mobile phase;18.7 Supercritical fluid chromatographyTeaching Outline: Basic principle of supercritical fluid chromatography; the in

13、strumentation; stationary and mobile phases; commonly used detectors for SFC; applicationsChapter 16 Introduction on Spectroscopy課時：2周，共6課時16.1 Basic of electromagnetic radiationTeaching Outline: Wave properties of electromagnetic radiation; electromagnetic spectrum; quantum-mechanical properties of

14、 radiation and photoelectric effect; 16.2 Interactions of matter and lightTeaching Outline: Absorption, emission, scattering, refraction, reflection and diffraction; 16.3 Spectroscopic methodTeaching Outline: Absorption and emission spectroscopy; instrumentation for spectroscopy; source of radiation

15、, continuum sources, line sources and laser sources; wave length selectors, filters, prism and grating monochromators, monochromator slits; radiation transducers; barrier-layer photovoltaic cells, vacuum phototubes, photomultiplier tubes; multichannel phototransducers,photodiode arrays, charge-coupl

16、ed devices, charge-transfer devices; thermal transducers, thermal couples and bolometersChapter 17 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy課時：2周，共6課時Content17.1 Basic principles of Atomic emission spectroscopyTeaching Outline: Origin of the spectrum; intensity of the spectrum lines; atomic line width; line broa

17、dening from the uncertainty effect; the effect of temperature17.2 AES instrumentTeaching Outline: Inductively coupled plasma source, sample introduction, plasma appearance and spectra, analyte atomization and ionization; characteristics of Arc and spark sources; glow-discharge, laser based AES syste

18、ms, direct plasma and microwave-induced plasma17.3 Application of AESTeaching Outline: Qualification with AES, quantitative and semi-quantitative detection with AES; Doppler, pressure, electric and magnetic field, self-absorption broadening; self-reversalChapter 18 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy課時：2

19、周，共6課時Content18.1 Basic principles of Atomic absorption spectroscopyTeaching Outline: The process of AAS, resonance line and absorption line,; the number of ground atom and temperature of the flame; quantitative analysis with AAS18.2 Instrumentation for AASTeaching Outline: Primary radiation source,

20、 hollow cathode lamp and electrodeless discharge lamp; flame and electrothermal atomizer; the optical dispersive system; detectors and signal measurements18.3 Measurements and interferencesTeaching Outline: Quantitative measurements; spectral, chemical, and physical interferences; Zeeman effect18.4

21、AAS method and its applicationTeaching Outline: sensitivity and detection limit; characteristic sensitivity ,characteristic concentration and characteristic mass; standard calibration curve and standard addition;18.5 Atomic fluorescenceTeaching Outline: The process of atomic fluorescence, the intens

22、ity of atomic fluorescence; atomic fluorometerChapter 19 Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy課時：2周，共6課時Content19.1 Basic principles of Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopyTeaching Outline: the process of Ultraviolet-visible absorbance; the magnitude of molar absorptive molecular absorb

23、ing species and electron transition; absorbance of organic compound; absorption by inorganic species; the effect of slit width; detection of functional groups19.2 Law of absorptionTeaching Outline: Lambert-Beers law and absorptivity; apparent deviation from Beers law19.3 InstrumentationTeaching Outl

24、ine: Components of the instrument, sources, monochromators, sample containers and photon detectors; types of spectrophotometer, single-beam system, double-beam-in-space and double-beam-in-time spectrometer;diode-array instrument19.4 Application of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopyTeaching Outline: Appl

25、ication in qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; application to absorbing and nonabsorbing species; procedural details, selection of wavelength, variables that influences absorbance; analysis of mixtures of absorbing substances; double-wavelength spectroscopic method; standard addition method

26、; derivative spectroscopyChapter 20 Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy課時：1周，共3課時Content20.1 Molecular fluorescence and phosphorescenceTeaching Outline: Theory of fluorescence and phosphorescence; excited states producing fluorescence and phosphorescence,electron spin, single and triplet excited sta

27、tes; energy-level for photoluminescence molecules; deactivation processes, vibrational relaxation, internal conversion, external conversion, intersystem crossing, photophorescence; quantum yield; transition types in fluorescence; quantum efficiency and transition type, fluorescence and structure, ef

28、fect of structural rigidity; fluoresce spectra, fluorescence excitation spectra, fluorescence emission spectra and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra; characteristic of fluorescence spectra, Stocks shift; variables affecting fluorescence and phosphorescence;20.2 Fluorescence spectroscopy and app

29、licationTeaching Outline: Components of fluorometer and spectrofluorometers, sources, filters and monochromators, cells and cell components, detectors; Quantitative detection, relation between fluorescence intensity and concentration; direct and indirect measurements; fluorescence imaging20.3 Phosph

30、orimetric spectroscopyTeaching Outline: Low temperature and room temperature phosphorescence; phosphoremeter and applications20.4 Chemiluminescence analysisTeaching Outline: Principle for chemiluminescence; types of chemiluminescence; measurement of chemiluminescence; application of chemiluminescenc

31、eChapter 21 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy課時：2周，共6課時Content21.1 Theory of IR absorption spectrometryTeaching Outline: Dipole moment change during vibrations and rotations; rotation transitions, vibration-rotation transitions; types of molecular vibrations; mechanical model of a stretching vibratio

32、n in a diatomic molecule; simple harmonic motion and anharmonic oscillator; IR absorption spectra15.2 IR spectra and molecular structureTeaching Outline: Group frequencies of functional groups; important spectral region in infrared; the fingerprint region; factors affecting group frequencies, adjace

33、nt groups, hydrogen bonding, vibration coupling; inductive and conjugated effect;15.3 Instrument for IR spectroscopyTeaching Outline: Dispersive IR spectrometer, source, sample cell, monochromator, detectors; Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer and working mechanism; sample handling and pretreat

34、ment15.4 Application of IR spectroscopyTeaching Outline: Qualitative application for structural analysis; calculation of the degree of unsaturation; verification of structural analysis; quantitative analysisChapter 22 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy課時：2周，共6課時Content22.1 Theory of NMRTeaching

35、 Outline: Quantum description of NMR; energy level on a magnetic field, relaxation process in NMR, spin-lattice relaxation and spin-spin relaxation, 22.2 NMR instrumentTeaching Outline: Instrumentation, the magnet, the field sweep generator, the radiofrequency source, the signal detector and recorde

36、r system; sample handling22.3 Chemical shift of proton in organic compounds; Teaching Outline: Source of the chemical shift; environmental effect on the chemical shift of proton NMR, effect of electron, effect of magnetic anisotropy; spin-spin coupling and splitting; coupling constant and its relati

37、on with molecular structure; first-order spectra and their interpretation22.4 Application of NMR methodTeaching Outline: Identification of structure of organic compoundChapter 23 Mass Spectroscopy課時：2周，共4課時Content23.1 Principles of mass spectrometerTeaching Outline: Ion source, electron ionization,

38、chemical ionization, field desorption, laser desorption, electrospary ionization; mass analyzer, double-focusing spectrometer, quadrupole mass spectrometer, time-of-flight analyzer, ion cyclotron resonance mass analyzer; signal detection and data processing; resolution of mass spectrometer23.2 Types of ionsTeaching Outline: The electron impact ionization process; molecular ion; isotope peaks, peaks for collision