《現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)》課件

1、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)這一時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)是過去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,也就是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果.have/has + done (過去分詞)v現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。例如：生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。例如：v eg: I have lost my wedding ring. 我丟了我丟了我的結(jié)我的結(jié)婚婚戒指（這一動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過去，戒指（這一動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，其結(jié)果

2、是我現(xiàn)在沒有結(jié)但影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，其結(jié)果是我現(xiàn)在沒有結(jié)婚戒指了）婚戒指了）v I have sent him a Christmas card.v He has just bought a new house.v現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去式的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去式的區(qū)別：v1） 一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。表示純粹的過去，與過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。表示純粹的過去，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，影響作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，影響等。等。v I have

3、lost my bag. (現(xiàn)在還沒找到現(xiàn)在還沒找到)v I lost my bag. (丟了錢包，現(xiàn)在是否找到，丟了錢包，現(xiàn)在是否找到，不知道不知道)v Mrs. Smith lived in Beijing for seven years. (史密斯太太已不再住在北京史密斯太太已不再住在北京)v Mrs. Smith has lived in Beijing for seven years. (史密斯太太還住在北京史密斯太太還住在北京)v1.都表示過去發(fā)生的事都表示過去發(fā)生的事v2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用；體的時(shí)間狀

4、語連用；v3.一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時(shí)間連用（去的具體時(shí)間連用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）presentpastv2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，過去時(shí)表示的過去）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，過去時(shí)表示的過去時(shí)間的經(jīng)歷，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。時(shí)間的經(jīng)歷，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。v 所以如果動(dòng)作發(fā)生在特定的過去時(shí)間，如所以如果動(dòng)作發(fā)生在特定的過去時(shí)間，如last night, yesterday, three days ago, just now, in 1998等則不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，必須用一般過去時(shí)。等則不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

5、，必須用一般過去時(shí)。試比較：試比較：v The film has been on ten minutes ago. () v The film began ten minutes ago. ()v The film has been on for ten minutes. ()v3) 詢問某事過去發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間，具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)必須詢問某事過去發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間，具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)必須用一般過去時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)，v When did you lose your luggage?v Where did they leave for? eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He ha

6、s had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00. v1. I _(have) lunch alreadyv2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet?v3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China.v4. The twin _just _(see) my father.v5. The twins _(see) my father just now.v6. Many tall buildings _(build) in the

7、past 5 years.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseensawhave been builtv現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：v1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以與often, always, seldom, never等副詞連用，但意義不同?，F(xiàn)在完等副詞連用，但意義不同?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一段特定時(shí)間里反復(fù)發(fā)生的情況，而一般成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一段特定時(shí)間里反復(fù)發(fā)生的情況，而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一般情況，說明主語的特征。試比較：現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一般情況，說明主語的特征。試比較：v eg: He has always helped

8、 us （到目前為止）（到目前為止）v He always helps us. (一貫如此一貫如此)v I have seldom watched cartoons these days.(這幾天的情況這幾天的情況)v I seldom watch cartoons. （一貫如此）（一貫如此） already ever yet never just these days recently in the past ten years lately in the last two years for +段時(shí)間段時(shí)間(for a long time, for two months since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間

9、點(diǎn)時(shí)間(since two years ago, since this morning) I have come back just now. I came back just now. When have you seen him? When did you see him? When不與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。它只有過去時(shí)不與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。它只有過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，因?yàn)樗硎敬_切的時(shí)間或?qū)頃r(shí)，因?yàn)樗硎敬_切的時(shí)間。v用法二用法二： for+段時(shí)間段時(shí)間 since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間 since+句子（過去時(shí)）句子（過去時(shí)）E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Ka

10、te has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始的動(dòng)作表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)或存在的狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。動(dòng)詞在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。動(dòng)詞使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與forfor或或sincesince引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用 My father hasnt smoked for two months, He is trying to give it up. 我父親已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月沒有抽煙了。他現(xiàn)在在努力

11、戒煙。我父親已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月沒有抽煙了。他現(xiàn)在在努力戒煙。 They have stayed in this hotel since last Tuesday. We have learned English for about three years.vhave/has gone to:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回； eg: 1) Where has John gone? I cant find him anywhere. (John不在說話地方不在說話地方) 2) Mary has gone to Hong Kong (Mary不在說話地方，可能在香港，可能在不在說話地方，可能在香港，可能在路

12、上路上) have/has been to:曾今去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了,后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語; John, Where have you been? (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在John已經(jīng)回來，在說話的地方已經(jīng)回來，在說話的地方)vWhere have you been to Beijing? (你在你在說話地方說話地方) have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。 I have been in Britain for then years.vTom 在哪兒？ 他去書店買書了。v我在北京待了5年了。vJack 去過上海兩次了-Where

13、 is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.Correcting v1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.v2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.v3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.v4. The film has been on sinc

14、e I have come to the cinema.v5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatchv6. Ten years have passed since they got married.v7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.v8.What time have the factory opened?v9.I have gone to

15、 Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been indidopenbeen tovHave you gone to America? (誤)vHave you been to America? (正)v1. _ you _ to Japan before?v2. His father isnt at home. He _ the supermarket now.v3. Where is your class teacher? She _ the library.v4. Linda and her parents _ to France twice.eg. 他死了

16、兩年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died瞬間動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)瞬間動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 瞬間動(dòng)詞不能用于持續(xù)性用法（表示一個(gè)從過去開瞬間動(dòng)詞不能用于持續(xù)性用法（表示一個(gè)從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的用法）必須將瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成持續(xù)性始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的用法）必須將瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞。 她父母已經(jīng)死了十年了。她父母已經(jīng)死了十年了。 Her par

17、ents have died for ten years. () Her parents have been dead for ten years. () I have bought a new apartment for a month 錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 I have had a new apartment for a month 正確正確varrive/come/go to/reach vborrowvleave vbuy vjoin vstart/begin vfinish/ endvdiebe inhavekeepbe away be in/a member ofbe onbe over be

18、 deadvHis father has died. (for 2 years)vThe football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)vThe twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old)vMy teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldi

19、ers/ been in the army since they are 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 daysv1. 這本書我借了一個(gè)月了。I borrowed this book a month ago.It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.varriv

20、e/come/go to die vbecome a borrowvLeave/ move vbuy openvjoin vstart/begin finish/ endvcatch a cold get up vget to know get out vclose wake upvgo to sleepvbecome interested in be in be deadhavekeepbe away / be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe a

21、sleep/ sleepbe interested invI am an American boy I came to China two years ago. I _(study) here for two years. My father often (take) me_ (play) football on the playground. Last week I _ (take) to the park by him. We saw a lot of monkeys (jump) in the tree. I heard a voice from behind When I (walk

22、) along the river. I thought myself. “It must_ (be) Mr. Brown. He _(take) photos.” We_ (enjoy) that day. We _ (go) back to America next week.have studied takesto playWas taken wakedjumpbeis takingenjoyedwill go構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 (I have/You have/She has/He has/It has/Our have/They h

23、ave/Our teacher has/Our school has/ Mike has/ Mary has) （規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化同過去式（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化同過去式/不規(guī)則變化見表）不規(guī)則變化見表）規(guī)則：規(guī)則：(1) 在詞尾加在詞尾加-ed (2) e結(jié)尾在詞尾加結(jié)尾在詞尾加d (3) 輔音輔音+y,去去y改成改成i加加ed (4) 元音字母元音字母+y在詞尾加在詞尾加ed (5) 重讀閉音節(jié)且詞尾為單個(gè)輔音字母，將詞重讀閉音節(jié)且詞尾為單個(gè)輔音字母，將詞尾輔音字母雙寫加尾輔音字母雙寫加ed (6) 重讀重讀r音節(jié)，雙寫音節(jié)，雙寫r加加ed不規(guī)則：不規(guī)則： ABC型型(原形，過去式，過去分詞均不同型原形，過去式，過去分詞均不同型) eg: do-did-done; swim-swam-swum; fly-flew-flown; drink-drank-drunkABB型（過去式，過去分詞同型）型（過去式，過去分詞