小學(xué)六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)及習(xí)題

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)及習(xí)題一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1 一般情況下，直接加-s ，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2 . 以 s. x. sh. ch 結(jié)尾，力口-es , 如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3 以 “ 輔 音 字 母 +y” 結(jié) 尾 ， 變 y 為 i, 再 加 -es ， 如 ： family-families, strawberry-strawberries4 .以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es ,如：knife-knives5 不 規(guī) 則 名 詞

2、復(fù) 數(shù) ： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ， child-children ， foot-feet, tooth-teeth ， fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 6.合成詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則1）以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： homework, newspaper等。2）以 man 或 woman 為前綴的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)名詞都變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如：womandocto

3、r women doctors, man waiter men waiters.7.集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：people police 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)， 不能說(shuō)a people, a police, 但可以說(shuō) a person, apoliceman， the English， the British， the French， the Chinese， the Japanes，e the Swiss 等名詞，表示國(guó)民總稱(chēng)時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I _him _this

4、 her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_sheep _box_ strawberrythief _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juicewater_milk_ricetea_二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹【 No. 1 】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1. 表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue. 天空是藍(lán)色的。2. 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3. 表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The

5、 earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1. be 動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。2. 行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(he, she,it) 時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s" 或 "-es" 。如： Mary likes Chinese. 瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1. be 動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not + 其它。如： He is not a worke

6、r. 他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。如： -Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 (+其它 )。如：I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't 構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如： - Do you oft

7、en play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does 構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：How does your father go to work?動(dòng)詞 +s 的變化規(guī)則1 一般情況下，直接加-s ，如： cook-cooks, milk-milks2 以s. x. sh. ch. o 結(jié)尾， 加 -es， 如： guess-guesses, wash-

8、washes, watch-watches,go-goes3 .以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es,如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專(zhuān)練:一、 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)drink go _ stay _ make look have_pass_carrycomewatch_ plant_ fly studybrushdoteach二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often (have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One.3. We (not watch) TV on Monday.4.

9、Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. they (like) the World Cup?6. What they often (do) on Saturdays?7. your parents (read) newspapers every day?8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.10. There (be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike (like) cooking

10、.12. They (have) the same hobby.13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully.14. You always （do） your homework well.15. I （be） ill. I m staying in bed.16. She （go） to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao （do） not like PE.18. The child often （watch） TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang （have）

11、eight lessons this term.20. What day （be） it today? It s Saturday.三、按照要求改寫(xiě)句子1. Tom watches TV every evening.（ 改為否定句）2. I do my homework every day.（ 改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答）3. She likes milk.（ 改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答）4. Amy likes playing computer games.（ 改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答）5. We go to school every morning.（ 改為否定句）6. He speak

12、s English very well.（ 改為否定句）7. I like taking photos in the park.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）8. John comes from Canada.（ 對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）9. She is a good student.（ 改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答）10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.（ 改為否定句）五、改錯(cuò) （ 劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫(xiě)在橫線上）1. Is your brother speak English? 2. Does he likes going fishing? 3. He likes

13、 play games after class. 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. 5. She don t do her homework on Sundays. 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 be+動(dòng)詞ing.3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be 后加 not。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意+ be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 ing?但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意+ be + 動(dòng)詞 ing?動(dòng)詞加

14、 ing 的變化規(guī)則1 一般情況下，直接加ing ，如： cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾，去e 加 ing ，如： make-making, taste-tasting3 如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加 ing ， 如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：playrunswim makegolikewriteskireadhavesing danceputseebuy lovelivetakecome getstopsit beginshop二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：I.The

15、boy( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother( cook )some nice food now.4. What you( do ) now?5. Look . They( have) an English lesson .6. They(not ,water) the flowers now.7. Look! the girls(dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She(listen )

16、 to music.9. It ' s 5 o' clock now. We(have)supper now10. Helen(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句)2. The students are cleaning the classroom .(改般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答)3. I ' m playing the football in the playground .（對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)）4. Tom is reading books i

17、n his room .（對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)）四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一 般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： tomorrow, next day（week, month, year）,soon, the dayafter tomorrow （后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)： be going to + do ; will+ do.三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are） l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won' t。f I ' m not going to have例如： I m going to have a pi

18、cnic this afternoon. a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑問(wèn)句：be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or,第一二人稱(chēng) 互換。例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend.Tre you going to goon an outing this weekend?五、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。1 .問(wèn)人。Who例如：I' m going to New York soon.Wh6 s going to New Yorksoon.2 . 問(wèn)干什么。

19、What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father g oing to do with you this afternoon.3 .問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When例如：She s going to go to bed at nine.When is shegoing to bed?六、同義句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow （明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.練習(xí)：填

20、空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihave a picnic with my friends.I have a picnic with my friends.2. 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What next Monday?I play basketball.What you do next Monday? I play basketball.3. 你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。your mother go shopping this ?Yes, she . She buy some fruit.4. 你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。What time you meet?

21、改句子。5. Nancy is going to go on a picnic. (改否定)Nancy going to go on a picnic.6. I ll go and visit them. (改否定)I go visit them.7. I m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. (改一般疑問(wèn)句) to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus station at 10:30.(改一般疑問(wèn)句)meet at the bus station at 10:30.9. She is goin

22、g to listen to music after school.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))she after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上 ) going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We (have) a picnic thisafternoon.12. My brother (go) to Shanghai next week.13. To

23、m often (go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He(go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually (watch) TV and(catch) insects?15. It s Friday today. What she (do) this weekend? She(watch) TV and (catch) insects.16. What (d0) you do last Sunday? I (pick) appleson a farm.

24、 What(do) next Sunday?I (milk) cows.17. Mary (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I (plan) for my study now五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2 . Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am和is在一

25、般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)?was。 (was not=wasn' t)are 在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)?were。(were not=weren t)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在 was或were后力口 not, 一般疑問(wèn)句把 was或 were調(diào)到句首。3句中沒(méi)有be 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句：didn t + 動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didn t go home yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did ，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如： Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形

26、？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？如： Who went to home yesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1 一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed ，如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked2 .結(jié)尾是 e 力口 d,如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加 -ed ，如： stop-stopped4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i , 再加-ed,如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, s

27、ee-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote,draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, swim-swam, sit-sat過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí) 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式is/amflyplant_ are drinkplay_ go_ make doesdanceworry_ask

28、 eatdraw_ put _eatthrowpassBe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）_ do 1、 用 be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I at school just now.2. He at the camp last week.3. We students two years ago.4. They on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling eleven years old last year.6. There an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

29、8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening.2、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. It was exciting.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：2. They were in his pocket.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)一、用 be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I an English teacher now.2. She happy yesterday.3. They glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy good friends.5. The lit

30、tle dog two years old this year.6. Look, there lots of grapes here.7. There a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today the second of June. Yesterday the first of June. ItChildren s Day. All the students very excited.行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)一、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last

31、night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.5. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.6. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.7. The girls (sing) and (dance) at the party.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句：

32、肯、否定回答：2. Sam went to school early.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：3. We sang some English songs.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(2)一、用 be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father (read) a newspaper last night.3. We to zoo yesterday, we to the park. (go)4. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festi

33、val?5. he (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he .6. What she (find) in the garden last morning?She (find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. They played football in the playground.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：三、中譯英2. 斯瑪特先生去年住在中國(guó)。3. 昨天我們參觀了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。過(guò)去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)(1)一、 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. It (be) Amy s birthday last Friday.2. We all (have) a

34、 good time last night.3. He (jump) high on last Sports Day.4. She likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday. (read)5. He football now, but they basketball just now. (play)9. I (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We (go) to school on Sunday.過(guò)去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)(2)一、 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. It (be) the 2nd of November yesterday

35、.Mr Smart (go) to his office by car.2. Gao Shan (put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. Don t the house. Mum it yesterday. (clean)4. What you just now? I some housework. (do)5. They (make) a kite a week ago.6. he the flowers this morning? Yes, he . (water)7. She (be) a pretty girl. Look, she (do)

36、 Chinese dances.8. The students often (draw) some pictures in the art room.六、形容詞的比較級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)一、形容詞的比較級(jí)1 、 形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than 。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little 來(lái)修飾表示程度。than 后的人稱(chēng)代詞用主格(口語(yǔ)中可用賓格)。2形容詞加er 的規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er ；以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r ；以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加 er ;以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i ,再加er 。3不規(guī)則

37、形容詞比較級(jí)：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful三、練習(xí)一 ) 、寫(xiě)出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)oldyoungtalllongshortstrongbigsmallfatthinheavylightnicegoodbeautiful二 ) 、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：1. My brother is two years (old)than me.2. Tom is as (fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister (young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is (thin),you or Helen? Hele

38、n is.5. Whose pencil-box is (big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Mary s hair is as (long) as Lucy s.7.Ben (jump) (high) than some of the boys in his class.8 .My eyes are (big) than (she).9 .Which is (heavy),the elephant or the pig?三 ) 、翻譯句子：1 、誰(shuí)比Jim 年紀(jì)大？is than Jim ？2、誰(shuí)比David 更強(qiáng)壯？than David?3、誰(shuí)的鉛筆更長(zhǎng)，他的還是

39、她的？pencil is ,or？4、誰(shuí)的蘋(píng)果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples ,your or your ?My .七、 There be 句型與 have, has 的區(qū)別1、 、 There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、 在 there be 句型中， 主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用 is ; 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用 are ;如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。3、 there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。4、 there be 句型與 have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be

40、表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。any 用于否定句用于否定句或疑5、 some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some 用于肯定句， 或疑問(wèn)句。6、 and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句，or問(wèn)句。7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？How much + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？8、針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What s + 介詞短語(yǔ)？Fill in the blank with “ have,has

41、” or “ there is , there are1. Ia good father and a good mother.2. a telephone on the desk.3. Hea radio.4. a basketball in the playground.5. Shesome dresses.6. Theya nice garden （花園）.7. What do you?8. a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike?10. any books in the bookcase?11. My fathera story-

42、book.12. a story-book on the table.13. any flowers in the vase?14. How many studentsin the classroom?15. My parentssome nice pictures.16. some maps on the wall.17. a map of the world on the wall.18. many children on the hill.用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1、There a lot of sweets in the box.2、There some milk in the glas

43、s.3、There some people under the the big tree.4、There a picture and a map on the wall.5、There a box of rubbers near the books.6、 There 10ts of flowers in our garden last year.7、There a cake behind the fridge（冰箱）yesterday.8、There four cups of coffee on the table.Fill in the blank with" have, has

44、”1. I a nice dress.2. He a good friend.3. They some books.4. We some flowers.5. She a duck.6. My father a new bike.7. Her mother a vase.8. Our teacher an English book.9. Our teachers a basketball.10. Nancy many skirts.11. David some jackets.12. My friends a football.13. What do you?14. What does Mik

45、e?15. What do your friends?16. What does Helen?17. His brother a basketball.18. Her sister a nice doll.19. Miss Li an English book.八、人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞1 、人稱(chēng)代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前(有時(shí)候位于than 之后)，賓格一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。2、 物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時(shí)后面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨(dú)使用，后面不帶名詞。人稱(chēng)代詞物主代詞主格 賓格 形容詞性名詞性我 I me 我的 my mine你，你們you y

46、ou 你的，你們的your yours他 he him 他的 his his她 she her 她的 her hers它 it it 它的 its its我們 we us 我們的 our ours他(她，它)們they them 他(她，它)們的their theirs一 . 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. That is not kite. That kite is very small, but is verybig. ( I )2. The dress is . Give it to . ( she )3. Is this watch? (you) No, it s not . ( I )4. is my brother. name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are. ( he )5. dresses are red. (we) What colour are ? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is ? ( she )7. I ca