2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪選練習(xí)題Unit1Greatscientists(含解析)新必修5

1、Unit 1 Great scientists李仕才一、閱讀理解ACrying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we cant hold inside what we feelany more. We cry when were at our best, and when were at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Menincluded.But we never see other mencry. In no western culture has it ever b

2、een acceptable for men to shed（ 流淚） more than a single tear, and even then its reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths.Dutch research suggests that womencry between three and five times more than men. Generally menand women cry over the same thingsdeaths, break-ups and homesickness, primari

3、ly, but researchers believe that mencry more often thanwomen when it comes to positive events.I want to admit Im a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, afew weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.See, my dog and 24/7

4、companion was killed by a car right outside myhouse. Being a witnessto this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched （蹲 ） on the floor with my head in myhands and tears were theonly ou

5、tlet.It is suggested in the book Adult Crying: A Biopsychosocial Approach that theres certain pleasurein crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves.In those days after my dogs death, I remember thinking,“ Ive got to stopthis crying ” . It felt unmanly. It felt like

6、a sign of weakness. Ive since realised that tears are foreverybody; theyre not gender-specific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress andjust feel.【文章大意】 本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。 作者的狗遭遇車(chē)禍， 作者痛哭不已， 傷心欲絕。 后來(lái)作者意識(shí)到哭泣是釋放壓力的方式。【難句分析】 However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few

7、 weeks ago Iexperienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.（ 第三段第二句 )分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。該句中 what it meansto really, truly, pour myheart out in tears 為what 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句； having never really experienced deaths in my life 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。譯文： 然而， 我在生活中從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正體會(huì)過(guò)死亡， 數(shù)周前的一次體驗(yàn)讓我知道死亡真 的意味著痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的

8、感覺(jué)。1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?A Crying is a raw human emotion.B Crying is an emotion beyond control.C Crying is an emotion showing sadness.D Crying is an emotion showing happiness.答案與解析： A 考查段落大意。 通讀該段可知， 該段第一句“ Crying is the sign of the rawestof human emotions ”為該段的主題句。結(jié)合該段其

9、他內(nèi)容可知，該段主要論述“哭 泣是人類(lèi)最自然的情感流露”，故 A 項(xiàng)正確。2. Whats the difference between men and womenin crying according to Dutch research?A They cry over different matters.B They cry at different times of life.C Women cry more often over deaths.D Men are more likely to have tears of joy.答案與解析： D 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ Dutch

10、research ”定位至第二段，根據(jù) 第二段的“ but researchers believe that men cry more often than womenwhen it comes to positive events ”可知，男女哭泣的區(qū)別是男子對(duì)于積極事物的哭泣頻率要比婦女高， 故 D 項(xiàng)正確。3. What did the author think of his crying over his dogs death?A A sign of strength.B A sign of weakness.C Behavior of being womanish.D A way o

11、f reducing emotional stress.答案與解析： D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 根據(jù)第六段， 尤其是最后一句They show we have sympathy, allowus to get rid of stress and just feel.”可知，作者意識(shí)到哭泣是減輕情感壓力的方式，故 D 項(xiàng)正確。4. Whats the best title for the text?A Men, never cry like womenB Men, its OK to cry sometimesC Crying solves psychological problemsD Crying

12、explains differences between men and women答案與解析： B 考查標(biāo)題判斷。 通讀全文內(nèi)容尤其是第一段第一句“ Crying is the sign of the rawest of humanemotions ”和本文最后一句“ They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel ”可知，本文論述的中心是“哭泣是人類(lèi)最自然 的情感流露，是減輕情感壓力的方式”，據(jù)此可以判斷， B 項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。BYou use her as a shoulder to cr

13、y on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot（虛擬聊天機(jī)器人） .Xiaoice, Microsoft s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015,where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with h

14、er daily, The NewYork Timesreported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations withXiaoice. Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice, LiuJinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center

15、under the Ministry of Science and Technology,told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis （表情符號(hào)） in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported.Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Dri

16、ven by top tech companies, they are becom ing smarterand more common. For instance, IBM s latestartificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia sDeakin University, answering students questions about course schedules andfinancial aid. Apple s Siri and Amazon s Ale xa hav

17、e been used as voice assistantswho can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users.These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Timespointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a Samantha , the adv

18、anced chatbot seen in thefiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Manyviewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyondmates.I.What does the un derl i

19、ned part in Paragraph 2 mean?A. She became a best seller.B. She became very powerful.C. She became a money maker.D. She became very popular.2.Which of the follow ing can Xiaoice do?A. Do housework.B. Spread messages.C. Ide ntify various photos.D. Read n ews to its users.3.Which company s chatbot pro

20、gram can act as an academic consultant?A. Microsoft.B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazo n.4.What can be lear ned from the last paragraph?A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon.B. Chatbots mainly run on smartph ones now.C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.D. The film Her doesn t interest many au

21、dienee.【文章大意】本文講述的是人工智能程序的發(fā)展情況。列舉了微信上的聊天程序大受歡迎，IBM 的人工智能程序能成為顧問(wèn)，但是目前這種程序主要應(yīng)用在智能手機(jī)上，人們期待它將來(lái)可以在手機(jī)以外的地方使用。1.D【解析】 推理判斷題。根據(jù) she becamea big hit.Millionsof you ng Chi nese now excha ngemessages with her daily 可知，她在微信上大受歡迎，很多中國(guó)人都喜歡與她聊天，故選 Do【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中her的fli朝to identify photos and send emails可知，她有能力

22、分辨黑片和發(fā)送表情符號(hào)，故選略3.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中consultant 可知，IBM 的最新人工智能程序可以作為學(xué)術(shù)顧問(wèn),IBM s latest artificial intelligence programserved as an academic4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyond故選 Bosmartph on es, intotelevisi ons, cars and liv ing rooms,可知，人們期待這些程序除了二、七選五Every one knows that fis

23、h is good for health. 1 But it seems that many people don t cook fish athome. America ns eat only about fiftee n pounds of fish per pers on per year, but we eat twice as muchfish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn t difficult. 2 This text is abouthow to buy and cookfish

24、 in an easy way.3 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you re standing at the ocean s edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn t fresh.4 Whenyou have bought a fish and arrive home, you d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don tcook it immediately, but fresh fish

25、 shouldbe stored inyour fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn t as tasty a s the fresh one.There are many com mon methods used to cook fish.5First, clea n it andseas on it with your choice of spices (調(diào)料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for8 to 10 minu tes if it wei

26、ghs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it s readyto serve.A. Do not buy it.B. The easiest is to steam it.C. This is how you can do it.D. It just requires a little kno wledge.E. The fish will go bad within hours.F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.G. The fats in fis

27、h are thought to help preve nt heart disease.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文向大家介紹了如何用簡(jiǎn)單的方法購(gòu)買(mǎi)和烹制魚(yú)。智能手機(jī)之外，也能應(yīng)用在電視、汽車(chē)、故選 B。起居室等地，所以目前是主要應(yīng)用在智能手機(jī)上,smartph on es, intotelevisi ons, cars and liv ing rooms,可知，人們期待這些程序除了1.G【解析】考查與首句語(yǔ)意的一致性。由空后的句意表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，轉(zhuǎn)折前的句子在語(yǔ)意上應(yīng)該保持一致，即說(shuō)明吃魚(yú)對(duì)健康的益處。故選G2.D【解析】考查句子的承上啟下作用。空前一句提到對(duì)魚(yú)的選購(gòu)、儲(chǔ)存和烹制并不困難，空后一句講本文

28、是關(guān)于如何以一種簡(jiǎn)單的方式購(gòu)買(mǎi)和烹制魚(yú)的，故選 D】這只需要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)知識(shí)就能做好。3.F【解析】考查主題句。段落的支撐細(xì)節(jié)始終圍繞主題句展開(kāi)，本段中第二、三句圍繞 如何通過(guò)嗅覺(jué)來(lái)鑒別魚(yú)是否新鮮，因此可以判斷F 項(xiàng)正確。4.A 【解析】考查段落中句子間語(yǔ)意的連貫性和代詞的正確使用?？涨疤岬?，濃烈的氣味說(shuō)明魚(yú)已不新鮮，故不能買(mǎi)這種魚(yú)。據(jù)此可知A 項(xiàng)正確。三、短文改錯(cuò)There are many people think that wealth is better tha n health .I used to think so un til one day I hadread a story abou

29、t Howard Joyce.He was an Europea n billi on airewho got everythinghe wanted.Therefore, in the last twenty years of his life , his healthbegan to get worse and he led a miserably life.Although the best doctors called forhim, he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the m

30、oney in theworld .If you have millio n of dollars but you are at poor health be able to do what youwant to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourselfto trying to make money.lnstead, take care of your body and be happy with which youdo.Health is more importa nt.【答案】There are many peopleAth

31、i nkwho/that wealth is better tha n health .I used tothi nki ngthink so un til one day Ianhad read a story about Howard Joyce.He wasEuropea nabilli on aire who got everyth ing he wan ted.Therefore,in the last twenty years of hisHoweverpoor health , you will not beable to do what you want todo.So I w

32、ould like to advisetryi ngto try to make money.ln stead,take care of your body andlife , his health began to get worse and he led ambl life.Although the bestmiserableAdoctors were called for him,he could still find no relief.I have realized that healthis worth all the money in the world .If you have

33、millio nof dollars but you aremillio nsatinbe happy withwhichwhatyou do.Health is more importa nt.,you will notyou not to hurt yourself第一處：think 前面加 who 或 think 改為 thinking ?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句或現(xiàn)在分詞。 分析該句結(jié)構(gòu) 可知，該句為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為many people，故用 who 引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句；因 many people和 think 為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞thinking 作 many people 的后置定語(yǔ)

34、。第二處：刪除 had?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的used to ”和until one day ”可知，該句陳述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。第三處：ana。考查冠詞。European 的讀音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，故用 a。第四處：Therefore 宀 However,考查副詞。上文說(shuō)他是一位歐洲億萬(wàn)富翁，得到了他想要的一切，該句說(shuō)在他生命里的最后二十年，他的健康狀況變得越來(lái)越糟。上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However。第五處：miserably 宀 miserable。考查形容詞。life 為名詞，故應(yīng)用形容詞 miserable 修飾。第六處：called 前面加 were。考查主謂一致、時(shí)

35、態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)the best doctors 為復(fù)數(shù)且和動(dòng)詞 call 之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；這里講述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用were。第七處：million 宀 millions。考查固定搭配。millions of為固定搭配，表示許多”。第八處：atfin?？疾榻樵~。in poor health 為固定搭配，意為身體不好”。第九處：tryingftry。考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，故to 后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形try。第十處：whichfwhat?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，with 后接賓語(yǔ)從句，連接詞在從句中作 do 的賓語(yǔ)，故用 what。四、語(yǔ)法填空She loo

36、ks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomasis looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school frien ds, 16-year-old Sarahisnot spe nding half-term 61 (rest). In stead,sheis earni ng 6500 a day as62 model in New York.Sarah 63 (tell)that she could be Britain s new supermodel earning a milliondollars in the n ext year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken partin shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she